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Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

Mathias Noe Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Technical Physics

KIT-Zentrum Energie 2

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Acknowledgement To my colleagues at Institute for Technical Physics

! Joachim Bock ! Janusz Kozak ! Erik Marzahn ! Antonio Morandi ! Wolfgang Reiser ! Sergey Samoilenkov ! Florian Schreiner ! Mark Stemmle ! Vitaly Visotsky

Liye Xiao

KIT-Zentrum Energie 3

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

! Introduction and Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines ! SMES and others

KIT-Zentrum Energie 4

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

! Introduction and Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines

SMES and others European perspective

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

A few comments from ASC ...the utilities do not show up! ...the cost of the wire is too high... !fault current limiters are expected to be a mature technology by 2025! !there is no market pull or push for superconducting power applications... I am still optimistic because!

KIT-Zentrum Energie 6

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Coated Conductor Manufacturers 2006

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Coated Conductor Manufacturers 2016

! we have a choice and we get several offers for our quotes! ! for some applications the wire cost is not the dominating factor! ! it is not yet mass manufacturing in large industrial scale! ! the range of specifications is increasing!

KIT-Zentrum Energie 8

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Benefits of HTS Power Applications Impact on Power Applications ! Improved energy efficiency ! Higher power density ! New technologies (e.g. FCL, SMES) ! Higher power quality Environmently friendly Unique features of HTS ! Highest engineering current densities at ! zero DC resistance and at high magnetic fields ! Fast transition from zero to high resistivity

Superior parameters and complete new systems are possible

KIT-Zentrum Energie 9

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

! Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines

SMES and others

KIT-Zentrum Energie 10

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

AC Cables – State-of-the-Art

Manufacturer! Place ,Country, Year! Data! HTS! ?? Chicago, US 12 kV, a few miles ?? ?? Enschede, NL, 2019 110 kV, 200 MVA, 3.4 km ?? LS Cable! Seoul, Korea, 2017! 22.9 kV, 1000 m! YBCO! Nexans ! Essen, Deutschland, 2014! 10 kV, 2.4 kA, 1000 m! BSCCO! Sumitomo! Yokohama, Japan, 2013! 66 kV, 1.8 kA, 240 m! BSCCO! LS Cable ! Icheon, Korea, 2011! 22.9 kV, 3.0 kA, 100 m! BSCCO! LS Cable ! Icheon, Korea, 2009! 22.9 kV, 1.3 kA, 500 m! BSCCO! Nexans! Long Island, US, 2008! 138 kV, 2.4 kA, 600 m! BSCCO/YBCO! LS Cable! Gochang, Korea, 2007! 22.9 kV, 1.26 kA, 100 m! BSCCO! Sumitomo! Albany, US, 2006! 34.5 kV, 800 A, 350 m! BSCCO! Ultera! Columbus, US, 2006! 13.2 kV, 3 kA, 200 m! BSCCO! Sumitomo! Gochang, Korea, 2006! 22.9 kV, 1.25 kA, 100 m! BSCCO! Furukawa! Yokosuka, Japan, 2004! 77 kV, 1 kA, 500 m! BSCCO!

More than 10 years of operational experience and no HTS degradation reported.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 11

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

DC Cables – State-of-the-Art

Place, Country, Year! Application! Data! HTS! Ludwigshafen, D, 2017! Chlor electrolysis! 20 kA, 1 kV, 25 m! YBCO!

• St. Petersburg, Ru, 2016!

Substation connection! 2.5 kA, 20 kV, 2.5 km! BSCCO! Ishikari, Japan, 2016! Test application! 2.5 kA, 20 kV, 1 km! BSCCO! Ishikari, Japan, 2015! Connection PV Datacentre! 5 kA, 20 kV, 500 m! BSCCO! Jeju Island, Korea, 2015! Substation connection! 3.25 kA, 80 kV, 500 m! YBCO! CERN, CH, 2014! Test application! 20 kA, 20 m! MgB2! Kunitachi, Japan, 2013! Connection train converter! 6 kA, 1,5 kV, 30 m! BSCCO! Gongyi, China, 2012! Aluminium plant! 10 kA, 1,3 kV, 360 m! BSCCO! Chubu, Japan, 2010! Test application! 2 kA, 10 kV, 200 m! BSCCO! Chubu, Japan, 2006! Test application! 2.2 kA, 20 kV, 20 m! BSCCO!

KIT-Zentrum Energie 12

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Status Ampacity Project Objectives

Built and test a 40 MVA, 10 kV, 1 km superconducting cable in combination with a fault current limiter

! Project partners

! RWE, Nexans, KIT

! Budget

! 13.5 Mio. "

! Duration

! Sept. 2011- Feb. 2016

Funded by:

L1 L2 L3 LN2 LN2 back Dielectric

KIT-Zentrum Energie 13

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Status Ampacity Project

Conventional Situation in Essen HTS Cable plus FCL Situation in Essen A transformer and a high voltage cable can be replaced by a medium voltage HTS cable in combination with a fault current limiter.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 14

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Status Ampacity Project Lessons learned ! The unsymmetrical capacitances need compensation. ! A few leaks have been fixed right after commissioning but during operation. ! The disconnection scheme after a short-circuit with an open- close cycle was changed. Major result ! The cable and FCL installation fulfills all technical and

• perational requirements.

Status ! The operation has been extended. ! Business cases are under development.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 15

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Status Supernet NL Project Objectives

Feasibility and demonstration of a superconductive HV cable in the transmission grid (110 kV, 3.4 km, ~ 200 MVA)

! Project partners

TenneT, TU Delft, U Twente, HAN U, IWO Project, RH Marine

! Duration

! Project start August 2015 ! Tender procedure finished in 2017 ! Demonstration test before

comissioning June 2019

KIT-Zentrum Energie 16

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Status 3S Project

For more details see poster this evening First 20 kA short sample tested and current lead developed outside the project.

stack of 96 copper lamellas stack of 96 HTS tapes soldered joint

Flexible Copper to HTS contact with low resistance and high number of stacks.

Objectives

Develop and test a 25 m, 20 kA superconducting DC busbar for industry applications, First rigid modular design

! Project partners

! Vision Electric Superconductors, KIT, ILK

! Duration

! May 2015-April 2018

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Compact, low loss current lead for DC busbars

Cryocooler LN2 reservoir Cu connection Setup is finished, commissioning tests soon.

Courtesy: Vision Electric Superconductors

ICE Link 20 kA current lead

KIT-Zentrum Energie 18

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Cables – Future Directions Applications

! More real application studies with utilities ! Long term grid application

Towards higher voltages

! More DC applications

Technology Lower system cost and less maintenance Lower AC and cryostat loss

! R&D on high voltage issues

KIT-Zentrum Energie 19

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

! Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines

SMES and others

20 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School on Superconductivity 2013

Important FCL projects

• State-of-the-art -

Lead company Country / Year Type Data SC type KfK Germany / 1980 Resistive 40 MW / 47 kV NbTi GEC Alsthom France / 1989 Resistive 25 kV / 200 A NbTi GEC Alsthom France / 1992 Resistive 7.2 kV / 1 kA NbTi GEC Alsthom France / 1994 Resistive 63 kV / 1.25 kA NbTi NEI UK / 1979

• Sat. iron core

5 MVA NbTi ASC / General Dynamics US / 1995

• Sat. iron core

100 MVA BSCCO ABB Switzerland / 1989 Shielded iron core 100 VA BSCCO ABB Switzerland / 1989 Shielded iron core 20 kVA BSCCO Daimler Benz Germany / 1993 Shielded iron core

• YBCO

Hydro Quebec Canada / 1993 Inductive 100 VA BSCCO Hydro Quebec Canada / 1995 Inductive 100 kVA BSCCO TEPCO / Toshiba Japan / 1990 Inductive air coil 400 V / 100 A NbTi TEPCO / Toshiba Japan / 1990 Inductive air coil 6.6 kV / 1.5 kA NbTi Sekei Uni. Japan / 1990 Inductive 600 V / 6 A NbTi

SCFCL – State-of-the-Art around 1996

TRL Level 4 - Technology demonstrated in Lab No field tests, good LTS technology development, first HTS demonstrators.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 21

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

SCFCL – State-of-the-Art 2006

Company Country/Year 1) Type Data 2) Superconductor Field op. ACCEL/Nexans SC 2004 Resistive 6.9 kV, 600 A, 3-ph. BSCCO 2212 bulk + KEPRI 2004 Resistive 3.8 kV, 200 A, 3-ph. YBCO thin films

• CRIEPI

2004 Resistive 1 kV, 40 A, 1-ph. YBCO thin films

• Mitsubishi

2004 Resistive 200 V, 1 kA, 1-ph. YBCO thin films

• Yonsei University

2004 Diode bridge 3.8 kV, 200 A, 3-ph. BSCCO 2223 tape

• CAS

2005 Diode bridge 6 kV, 1.5 kA, 3-ph. BSCCO 2223 tape + CESI Research 2005 Resistive 3,2 kV, 215 A, 3-ph. BSCCO 2223

• KEPRI

2007 Res.-hybrid 13.2 kV, 630 A, 3-ph. BSCCO 2212 bulk

• Innopower

2007

• Sat. iron core

20 kV, 1.6 kA, 3ph. BSCCO 2223 tape ? Toshiba 2007 Resistive 6.6 kV, 50 A, 1-ph. YBCO coated cond.

• Siemens / AMSC

2007 Resistive 7.5 V, 267 A, 1-ph. YBCO coated cond.

• Hyundai / AMSC

2007 Resistive 13.2 kV, 630 A, 1-ph. YBCO coated cond.

• Nexans

2010 Resistive-ind. 63.5 kV, 1.8 kA, 1-ph. BSCCO 2212 bulk + Zenergy power 2009

• Sat. iron core

80 kV, ? kA, 3-ph. BSCCO 2223 tape + IGC Superpower 2009 Resistive 80 kV, 1.2 kA, 3-ph. YBCO coated cond. + AMSC / Siemens 2011 Resistive 66 kV, 1.2 kA, 3-ph. YBCO coated cond. + Rolls Royce 2010 Resistive 6.6 kV, 200 A, 3-ph. MgB2 + KEPRI 2010 Resistive 22.9 kV, 3 kA, 3-ph. ? +

1) Year of test 2) Phase-ground-voltage

First successful field tests, HTS only, more field tests envisaged. TRL Level 6 - Technology demonstrated in relevant environment

KIT-Zentrum Energie 22

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

SCFCL – State-of-the-Art 2016

Nexans Siemens Applied Materials Resistive type, YBCO 12 kV, 1600 A Installed 11/2015 Resistive type, YBCO 12 kV, 815 A Installed 3/2016 Resistive type, YBCO 115 kV, 550 A Installed 7/2016 TRL Level 8 - system complete and qualified TRL Level 9 - actual system proven in operational environment First commercial applications, several manufacturers.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 23

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

SCFCL Field Tests – State-of-the-Art 2016

Lead Company/ Inst. ! Year/Country ! Data ! Type ! Superconductor ! ABB! CH/1997! 10 kV, 70 A! Resistive ! Bi 2212 bulk ! ACCEL/NexansSC! Germany/2004! 12 kV, 600 A! Resistive ! Bi 2212 bulk ! IEE CAS China/2005 10.5 kV, 1.5 kA Diode bridge type Bi 2223 tape Toshiba! Japan/2008! 6.6 kV, 72 A! Resistive YBCO tape ! Innopower China/2008 35 kV, 90 MVA DC biased iron core Bi 2223 tape Nexans SC Germany/2009 12 kV, 100 A Resistive Bi 2212 bulk Nexans SC Germany/2009 12 kV, 800 A Resistive Bi 2212 bulk Zenergy Power US/2009 12 kV, 1.2 kA DC biased iron core Bi 2223 tape Zenergy Power US/2010 15kV, 1.2 kA DC biased iron core Bi 2223 tape RSE! Italy/2011! 9 kV, 250 A! Resistive Bi 2223 tape ! RSE! Italy/2012! 9 kV, 1 kA! Resistive YBCO tape ! KEPRI! Korea/2011! 22.9 kV, 3 kA! Resistive YBCO tape ! Nexans SC! Germany/2011! 12 kV, 800 A! Resistive YBCO tape ! Nexans SC! Germany/2013! 10 kV, 2.4 kA! Resistive YBCO tape ! Nexans SC! EU/2013! 24 kV, 1 kA! Resistive YBCO tape ! Applied Materials! US/2013! 15 kV, 1kA! Resistive ! YBCO tape ! Nexans SC UK/2015 12 kV, 1.6 kA Resistive YBCO tape Siemens Germany/2016 12 kV, 815 A Resistive YBCO tape Applied Materials US/2016 115 kV, 550 A Resistive YBCO tape ASG Power UK/2017 36 kV, 800 A DC biased iron core MgB2 Shongtian/IEE CAS China/?? 220 kV, 1.5 kA Resistive YBCO tape South Power Grid China/?? 500 kV DC biased iron core ?? Superox Russia/2019 220 kV, 1.2 kA Resistive YBCO tape

More than 15 successful field tests in the past 10 years and no damage of HTS and FCL reported.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 24

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Smart Coil Project Objectives

Built and test a single phase 10 kV, 600 A air coil SFCL

! Project partners

! Siemens, KIT

KIT-Zentrum Energie 25

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Smart Coil Project

! HTS insert consists of

single short circuited windings

SC inset Data

• peration temp.

77 K critical current 550 A, sf number of sc-rings 80 diameter 1232 mm Cu-stabilization 14 #m (total) expected max. voltage < 30 V/m width of tapes 12 mm distance between tapes 3 mm 10 kV, 600 A demonstrator will be tested in 2017.

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Electrotechnical Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Parameter Data Voltage 15 kV Current 140 A

• Prosp. current

30 kA Limited peak current 3.4 kA Limitation time 120 ms Operating temp. 77 K HTS prim. winding 144 turns HTS sec. winding Each 24 turns

Source: Janusz Kozak, Michal Majka, Slawomir Kozak, Experimental results of a 15 kV, 140 A Superconducting Fault Current Limiter, preprint submitted to IEEE Transactions for Applied Superconductivity

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Electrotechnical Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Successful high power grid laboratory testing in 2016.

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

SFCLs – Future Directions Applications

! More commercial applications ! More field operational experience ! More different applications

Technology

! System improvement ! Demonstrators and prototypes for new types and higher

voltages

! DC Limiters

KIT-Zentrum Energie 29

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

! Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines

SMES and others

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Transfomers - Major Benefits

Manufacturing and transport

! Compact and lightweight (~50 % Reduction)

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Transformers - Major Benefits

Manufacturing and transport

! Compact and lightweight (~50 % Reduction)

Environment and Marketing

! Energy savings (~50 % Reduction)

Ressource savings

! Non combustible (no oil)

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Transformers - Major Benefits

Manufacturing and transport

! Compact and lightweight (~50 % Reduction)

Environment and Marketing

! Energy savings (~50 % Reduction)

Ressource savings

! Non combustible (no oil)

Operation

! Low short-circuit impedance

!

Higher stability

!

Less voltage drops

!

Less reactive power

! Active current limitation

!

Protection of devices

!

Reduction of investment

t I

Ir Ic Ip Ip,lim tlim

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Transformers State-of-the-Art

Country! Inst.! Application! Data! Phase! Year! HTS! Switzerland! ABB! Distribution! 630 kVA, 18.42 kV/420V! 3 Dyn11! 1996 field test! Bi 2223! Japan! Fuji Electric! Demonstrator! 500 kVA, 6,6 kV/3,3 kV! 1! 1998! Bi 2223! Germany! Siemens! Demonstrator! 100 kVA, 5,5 kV/1.1 kV! 1! 1999! Bi 2223! USA! Waukesha! Demonstrator! 1 MVA, 13,8 kV/6.9 kV! 1!

• !

Bi 2223! USA! Waukesha! Demonstrator! 5 MVA, 24,9 kV/4.2 kV! 3 Dy!

• !

Bi 2223! Japan! Fuji Electric! Demonstrator! 1 MVA, 22 kV/6.9 kV! 1! 2001! Bi 2223! Germany! Siemens! Railway! 1 MVA, 25 kV/1,4 kV! 1! 2001! Bi 2223! EU! CNRS! Demonstrator! 41 kVA, 2050 V/410 V! 1! 2003! P-YBCO/S-Bi 2223! Korea! U Seoul! Demonstrator! 1 MVA, 22,9 kV/6,6 kV! 1! 2004! Bi 2223! Japan! Fuji Electric! Railway! 4 MVA, 25 kV/1.2 kV! 1! 2004! Bi 2223! Japan! Kuyshu Uni.! Demonstrator! 2 MVA, 66 kV/6.9 kV! 1! 2004! Bi 2223! China! IEE CAS! Demonstrator! 630 kVA, 10.5 kV/400 V! 3! 2005 field test! Bi 2223! Japan! U Nagoya! Demonstrator! 2 MVA, 22 kV/6.6 kV! 1! 2009! P-Bi 2223/S-YBCO! Japan! Kyushu Uni! Demonstrator! 400 kVA, 6.9 kV/2.3 kV! 1! 2010! YBCO! Germany! KIT! Demonstrator! 60 kVA, 1 kV/600 V! 1! 2010! P-Cu/S-YBCO! Australia! Callaghan In.! Demonstrator! 1 MVA, 11 kV/415 V! 3 Dy! 2013! YBCO! Japan Kyushu Uni Demonstrator 2 MVA, 69 kV/6.9 kV 3 yy 2013 YBCO China! IEE CAS! Demonstrator! 1.25 MVA, 10.5 kV/400 V! 3 Yyn0! 2014! Bi 2223! Germany! KIT/ABB! Demonstrator! 577 kVA, 20 kV/1 kV! 1! 2016! P-Cu/S-YBCO! Russia RS R&D CI Demonstrator 1 MVA, 10 kV/0.4 kV 1 2016 YBCO

HTS transformers are developed up to TRL Level 4 – technology validated in laboratory.

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

1 MVA Current Limiting Transformer

Nominal power 577 kVA Primary voltage 20 kV Secondary voltage 1 kV Short-circuit impedance > 3 % Primary/Secondary current 28.9 A/577.4 A Secondary fault resistivity 0 Ohm Fault duration 60 ms Turn-toturn Voltage 40 V Primary/Secondary turns 500/25 Short-circuit impedance 2.96 %

• Max. magn. flux dens. iron core

1.6 T

• Max. magn. flux dens. stray gap

0.029 T Fault current (1st half wave) 14,997 A, (71.8%) Fault current, (6th half wave) 7,326 A, (35.1%) Unlimited fault current 20,875 A Length of secondary winding 47.3 m Number of parallel HTS tapes 12 Average tape Ic 140 A Copper stabilization per tape 110 #m Iron core losses 3820 W Primary winding losses 885 W Cryostat losses through wall < 25 W Estimated HTS AC-losses ~50 Current lead losses 64

Source: S. Hellmann, M. Abplanalb, L. Hofstetter, M. Noe, Manufacturing of a 1MVA-Class Superconducting Fault Current Limiting Transformer with Recovery-under-Load Capabilities, preprint submitted to IEEE Transactions for Applied Superconductivity

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

1 MVA Current Limiting Transformer Winding process

More homogenous Ic variation in the tapes and coated electrical insulation would help. Buckling free winding support

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

1 MVA Current Limiting Transformer Main parts

Extensive tests are ongoing and test results will be presented at EUCAS 2017.

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Transformers – Future Directions Applications

! First field tests (TRL5 – tested in relevant environment)

Technology

! More technology demonstrators ! Further reduce losses (AC and thermal insulation)

Include current limiting function

! Higher currents at low voltage coil

KIT-Zentrum Energie 38

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Table of Contents Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors – an update on recent activities and future directions

! Motivation ! Cables ! Fault Current Limiters ! Transformers ! Rotating Machines

SMES and others

KIT-Zentrum Energie 39

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Rotating Machines – Benefits Smaller Volume and Weight

! Half the weight and volume

Two times higher power density

Less Ressources

! Higher efficiency

Less material

Improved Operation Parameters

Lower voltage drop (xd~ 0.2-0.3 p.u.)

! Higher stability and higher torque ! Higher ratio of breakdown torque to nominal torque ! More reactive power

KIT-Zentrum Energie 40

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Rotating Machines – Which One?

!"#$%& #$%& #!$%& #!!$%& #!!!$%& #!$'() #!!$'() #!!!$'() #!!!!$'() !"#$%& '$($%)*"% +,(-& '$($%)*"% ./,0& !%"0123,"( 42$5*%,5& 6)%3& 7(-13*%8 9"*"% 42$5*%,5 :,%5%);* <8-%"& '$($%)*"% Many potential applications that differ in speed, rating and torque.

KIT-Zentrum Energie 41

• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Rotating Machines – Wind Generator

Affiliations! Speed (rpm)! Mass (ton)! Volume (m3)! SC length (km)! Materials!Poles!Diameter (mm)! GE 10 143 49 720 NbTi 36 4830 DTU Wind Energy 9,65 52b 84 474 MgB2 32 5880 Kalsi Green power system 10 52 20 146 MgB2 24 5000 AMSC 10 150 <59 1.5 per poleset/36 km YBCO 24 4500-500 Tecnalia 8,1 <240 89a 154 MgB2 48 10100c

• Univ. of Edinburgh

10 184 48 15/3.4 MgB2/ YBCO 88 6630

• Univ. of Electron. Sci.&Tech. of

China 10 66b 13a 504 YBCO 24 5806 Changwon National Univ. 10 105 b 24 390 YBCO 24 5330 Changwon National Univ. 10 108 b 25 418 YBCO 24

• Changwon National Univ.

10 95 b 31 565 YBCO 24

• Niigata Univ.

10 50 b 16 a 572 HTS 8 3670 Niigata Univ. 10 55 b 16 a 856 HTS 12 3670 Iran Univ. Sci.e and Tech 10 74 b 15 a 708 YBCO 8 3210 Tokyo Univ. of Marine Sci. & Tech. 10 105 48 58 YBCO 96 14100 Changwon National Univ. 10 147

• 586

YBCO 24

• Changwon National Univ.

10 196

• 222

BSCCO 24

• Main parameters of selected studies on 10 MW superconducting wind generator

Wide variation in main parameters.

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

ECOSWING Project (H2020, ecoswing.eu) Objectives

! Design, develop and manufacture a full scale multi-

megawatt direct-drive superconducting wind generator Install this superconducting drive train on an existing modern wind turbine in Thyborøn, Denmark (3.6 MW, 14 rpm, 128 m rotor)

! Project partners

Envision, Eco5, Theva, FhG, U Twente, SHI, DNV-GL, Jeumont Electric, Delta Energy Systems

! Duration

! March 2015-March 2019

! Project cost

! EUR 13,846,594, EU contribution EUR 10,591,734

Coated Conductor and HTS coil is provided by Theva.

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Rotating Machines – Future Directions Applications

! Wind generator demonstrators in relevant environment ! Demonstrators for electric airplanes ! Power generators and propulsion

Technology

! Coil technology (winding, insulation, stability)

Cryostat development (high mechanical stability, low losses)

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• M. Noe, Electric Power Applications of Coated Conductors, CCA Workshop, Aspen 2016

Summary

Source: IEA High Temperature Superconductivity: A Roadmap for the Electric Power Sector 2015-2030

Many thanks for your attention!