eLearning Forum Asia 2015 A learner-centered math online tutorial for learners with diverse learning needs By Chien-Hui Yang, PhD. (UniSIM College, UniSIM) Edward Meyen, Ph.D. (University of Kansas, U.S.A.)
Background n BAIP ( Blending Assessment with Standards Based Instruction Program ) teaching Math was developed in the University of Kansas (Meyen, Greer & Poggio, 2008). Supplementary eLearning Teaching to General Edu + = Design pedagogies Curriculum Principles in Special Education (Not specifically for special needs)
n In the U.S. - Large-scale field-testing involving 187 school districts in 2008 and 239 in 2009 with typical students and students with special needs in mainstream schools. è Animated tutorials.
Significance: Local Context n ICT was integrated into the curriculum framework in 2001: ”To link concrete experiences to abstract ideas (Concepts and Skills), to enjoy mathematics lessons (Attitudes), to become independent learners (Metacognition), and to explore different ways of solving problems using higher level of competencies (Processes) (Wong & Lee, 2009). n Field testing in Singapore.
Research Questions As a part of a larger field testing study, this study aims to investigate: n (1) What’s the feedback from students and teachers on the benefits of BAIP animated tutorials (in promoting concepts and skills, attitudes, metacognition, and problem solving processes)? n (2) Do teachers consider BAIP beneficial for students who are typical and with special needs?
Methods n Participants and settings: (1) 46 students in P3-P4 in an international school. (2) 82 teachers from mainstream schools and those who work with low achievers and special needs students in all settings. n Data collection procedures: (1) Students completed BAIP math animated tutorials in one semester and responded to a survey (3 point rating scale). (2) Teachers reviewed BAIP animated tutorials and responded to a survey (5 point scale). n Data analysis: Percentage. Mean rating. Rankings.
Results n 1. Students’ feedback on BAIP: Students’)feedback)using)BAIP)tutorials)(N=46)) ! Domain) Survey)Item) Mean)Rating) Domain)mean) 1.! Concepts)and)skills ! Animation!helps!me!learn!better!and!“see”!what!math!means!! 2.72! 2.71! Tutorials!help!me!see!how!math!is!connected!to!real!life! 2.65! I!learn!something!new!from!tutorials! (#4) ! 2.74! A!good!way!to!recap!and!review!topics!even!if!I!already!know!the!topics! 2.73! The!tutorials!repeated!important!concepts;!it!helps!me!learn!better! 2.71! 2.! Attitudes) ! I!enjoy!doing!the!animated!tutorials! (#1) ! 2.83! 2.78! (Highest)! I!like!doing!the!activities!in!the!animated!tutorials!more!than!worksheets! 2.80! (#3) ! I!would!like!to!learn!more!math!concepts!using!similar!tutorials!! 2.69! I!think!the!tutorials!will!help!other!children!who!do!not!like!math!to!learn! 2.73! math!better! If!I!can!learn!other!subjects!(e.g.,!science)!through!animated!tutorials!I!think! 2.83! I!will!enjoy!learning!more!and!do!better! (#1) ! 3.! Metacognition) ! The!speaker!(sound)!in!the!tutorials!is!helpful!for!me!to!follow!and! 2.52! 2.61! understand!the!topics! (Lowest) ! ! I!like!that!the!tutorials!tell!me!if!my!answer!is!right!or!wrong!right!away! 2.69! 4.! Problem)solving/) I!like!that!the!tutorials!tell!me!if!my!answer!is!right!or!wrong!right!away! 2.69! 2.68! processes !! The!tutorials!encourage!me!to!think!more!before!I!decide!my!answer!! 2.67! !
n 2. Teachers’ feedback on BAIP Teachers’)feedback)on)reviewing)BAIP)tutorials)(N=82)) ! Domain) Survey)Item) Mean)Rating) Domain)mean) 1.! Concepts)and)skills ! The!BAIP!animated!tutorials!are!clear!in!explaining!the!concepts! 3.89! 3.88! The!tutorials!used!visual!cues!which!foster!success!for!students’!learning! 3.85! Repetition!(to!reinforce!the!concept)!has!been!used!effectively!in!the! 3.90! tutorials! (#3) ! 2.! Attitudes) ! I!believe!the!students’!confidence!will!increase!using!the!tutorials!! 3.46! 3.67! From!my!perspectives!the!animated!tutorials!are!able!to!engage!and! 3.59! (Lowest)! motivate!students! I!think!students!will!enjoy!doing!the!animated!tutorials!more!than!doing! 3.89! typical!math!direct!instruction!and!curriculum!in!schools! 3.! Metacognition) ! Immediate!and!positive!reinforcement!to!students’!performance!! 3.72! 3.89! The!break!down!of!the!content!(into!smaller!chunks!and!steps)!enables! 4.06! students!to!absorb!and!retain!knowledge!better! (#1) ! 4.! Problem)solving/) The!tutorials!encourage!higher!order!thinking!by!asking!critical!thinking! 3.70! 3.71! processes !! questions!and!relating!the!concepts!to!real!life.!!! Immediate!and!positive!reinforcement!to!students’!performance! 3.72! 5. )Diverse)Learners ! The!tutorials!used!visual!cues!which!foster!success!for!students’!learning! 3.85! 3.93! ! (Highest)! The!break!down!of!the!content!(into!smaller!chunks!and!steps)!enables! 4.06! students!to!absorb!and!retain!knowledge!better! (#1) ! Repetition!(to!reinforce!the!concept)!has!been!used!effectively!in!the! 3.90! tutorials!(#3)! The!selfSpacing!feature!of!the!tutorials!is!ideal!for!students!with!learning! 3.83! difficulties,!special!needs,!and!slow!learners.!!! I!think!the!tutorials!can!benefit!typical!students!(without!special!needs)!in! 4.02! mainstream!schools!too! (#2) !
Discussion and Conclusion n Consistent with previous literature. 1. The use of ICT alone would not ensure better teaching and learning. ICT has to be used in conjunction with effective pedagogy (Leong and Lim-Teo, 2003). 2. ICT integration provides adaptable learning environments, procedures, and materials that can fulfill the needs of both students with and without special needs (Rose, Hitchcock, & Meyer, 2005). 3. ICT and computer based instruction promotes student engagement and motivation (Lock & Carlson, 2000; Mathews, Pracek, & Olson, 2000).
n Specific findings: 1. Students’ feedback: The domain of motivation obtained the highest rating. Teachers’ feedback: The diverse learner domain obtained the highest ranking; motivation lowest. 2. Teachers agreed that BAIP tutorials can benefit typical students as well as low achievers, special needs students.
n Although students did well in the tutorial quizzes and 67.4% consider the tutorials easy (15.2% neutral) , 80.5% of the students agreed that they learn something new from the animation tutorials (13% neutral) .
Limitations Q & A
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