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Effe ffect of of Bac acillus lar arvicide deon on em emer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Effe ffect of of Bac acillus lar arvicide deon on em emer ergent nt aq aqua uatic Chi Chirono nomidae in n a a tem temperate-wetlan and ec ecos osystem (Otta ttawa, a, Cana Canada) LIAM J. EPP U OTTAWA 2019 Non-target

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SLIDE 1

Effe ffect of

  • f Bac

acillus – lar arvicide deon

  • n em

emer ergent nt aq aqua uatic Chi Chirono nomidae in n a a tem temperate-wetlan and ec ecos

  • system (Otta

ttawa, a, Cana Canada)

LIAM J. EPP

UOTTAWA 2019

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SLIDE 2

Non-target Organisms: Chi Chironomidae

  • Broad Spectrum vs. Selective insecticides
  • May harm non

non-ta target t organism sms s (NTO) O) 4,5,6,7

  • Chironomidae are closely related to mosquitoes (Culici

cidae)

  • Dominate wetland insect communities 2
  • > 65 species in Ontario wetlands

3

  • Re

Remova val would disr srupt or shift trophic c relationsh ships s 9,10,11

2Lepper & Taylor (1998), 3Webb (1969), 4Dickman (2000), 5Hershey et al. (1998), 6Lundstrӧm et al. (2010b), 7Lagadic et al. (2016), 8Poulin (2012), 9Lundstrӧm et al. (2010a), 10Östman et al. (2008); 11Duguma et al. (2015), Photo: Toronto Star

Insecta

Nematocera

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SLIDE 3

Non-target Organisms: Chi Chironomidae

  • Broad Spectrum vs. Selective insecticides
  • May harm non

non-ta target t organism sms s (NTO) O) 4,5,6,7

  • Chironomidae are closely related to mosquitoes (Culici

cidae)

  • Dominate wetland insect communities 2
  • > 65 species in Ontario wetlands

3

  • Re

Remova val would disr srupt or shift trophic c relationsh ships s 9,10,11

Insecta

Nematocera

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SLIDE 4

SOUTH MARCH HIGHLANDS CONSERVATION FOREST (BTI/BTI2) CARP (CTRL)

  • 15

15 BTI-tr treate ted (red) in Kanata & 15 CTRL ponds (green) near Carp

  • 9

9 BTI-tr treate ted, , 6 BTI2 (yellow) previously treated & 15 CTRL ponds

Expe periment ntal Des Design

Emerg rgence ce Tra rap

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SLIDE 5

Results

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SLIDE 6

Week ek of Year ear Abund undanc ance e (log

  • g10

10(y

(y+1)) 1)) Chironom ronomidae dae Emergenc ergence

May Sept CHI Individuals/Site/Week: 25.9 (BTI) & 38.7 (CTRL) 2018 p=0.003

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SLIDE 7

CHIRONOMIDAE CULICIDAE Treatment Period (May → Mid-June) Mid-June → August

Direc rect effec ects?

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SLIDE 8

Abundanc undance e (log

  • g10

10(y

(y+1)) 1)) Annual nual Chiro ronom nomidae dae Emerge ergenc nce

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SLIDE 9
  • 2
  • 1

1 2

  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0

ALL YEARS Ento & Environ Triplot RDA

RDA1 RDA2 BTI BTI2 CTRL

DIP COL CHI ARA ODO OTH LEP HYM ORT CUL EPH PLE BOL HEM

Conductivity..uS.cm Water.Temperature..Celcius Average.Water.Depth..cm

Redun dundanc ancy Anal nalysis: Combi bini ning ng Emerge ergenc nce e with h Env nvironm ronment ent

CUL CHI

  • GLMM → Linear Modeling that accounted for intra-site variability dropped

TREATMENT EFFECT in all models!

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SLIDE 10

Biodi divers ersity

P= 0.057 Shannon Diversity Species/ Taxa- Richness

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SLIDE 11

Conc Conclusion

  • Differences observed in Chironomidae counts are

statistically attributed to DEPTH & other factors

  • Bti – effect was systematically removed from best-fit CHI

emergence response models

  • Elevated Biodiversity in 2018 at BTI sites
  • Consistent increases in CHI counts suggest no

shortage of food for insectivores

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SLIDE 12

Thank you! Questio ions?

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SLIDE 13

Supplementary Material

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SLIDE 14
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SLIDE 15
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SLIDE 16
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SLIDE 17

HYM LEP ODO CUL DIP EPH ARA CHI COL 2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.6

Year Abundance [log10(y+1)] Treatment BTI BTI2 CTRL

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SLIDE 18
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SLIDE 19

Nitrate.NO3..mg.L Sulphate.SO4..mg.L Surface.Area..m2 Water.Temperature..Celcius Average.Water.Depth..cm Ammonia.NH3..mg.L Dissolved.Oxygen..mg.L pH Conductivity..uS.cm 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 500 1000 1500 1 2 30000 60000 90000 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 40 60 10 20 20 40 60 80 10 20 30 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Year Measurement Year 2016 2017 2018

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SLIDE 20

Refe References 1-7 7 (of

  • f 13

13)

1 World Health Organization (1999). Microbial Pest Control Agent Bacillus thuringiensis

(Environmental Health Criteria 217). Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/ehc/en/EHC217.PDF

2 Leeper, D.A. & Taylor, B.E. (1998). Insect Emergence from a South Carolina (USA) Temporary

Wetland Pond, with Emphasis on the Chironomidae (Diptera). J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 17(1):54-72.

3 Webb, D.W. (1969). Production of wetland Chironomidae (Diptera) and the effects of using Bacillus

thuringiensis israelensis for mosquito control. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 42(1), 91- 108.

4 Dickman, M. (2000). Impacts of a mosquito selective pesticide, Bti, on the macroinvertebrates of a

subtropical stream in Hong Kong. Chemosphere, 41, 209-217.

5 Hershey, A.E., Lima, A.R., Niemi, G.J. & Regal, R.R. (1998). Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis

israelensis Bti and methoprene on nontarget macroinvertebrates in Minnesota wetlands. Ecological Applications, 8, 41-60.

6 Lundstrӧm, J.O., Schӓfer, M.L., Petersson, E., Persson Vinnersten, T.Z., Landin, J. & Brodin, Y.

(2010b). Production of wetland Chironomidae (Diptera) and the effects of using Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for mosquito control. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100, 117-125. doi:10.1017/S0007485309990137.

7 Lagadic, L., Schäfer, R.B., Roucaute, M., Szöcs, E., Chouin, S., de Maupeouc, J., Duchet C.,

Franquet, E., Hunsec, B.L., Bertrand, C., Fayolle S., Francés, B., Rozier, Y., Foussadier, R., Santoni, J.B. & Lagneau, C. (2016). No association between the use of Bti for mosquito control and the dynamics of non-target aquatic invertebrates in French coastal and continental wetlands. Science of the Total Environment, 553, 486–494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02. 096.et al. (2016),

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SLIDE 21

Refe References 8-15 15 (of

  • f 15

15)

8 Poulin, B. (2012). Indirect effects of bioinsecticides on the nontarget fauna: The Camargue experiment calls for future

  • research. Acta Oecologica, 44, 28-32 doi:10.1016/j.actao. 2011.11.005.

9 Lundström, J.O., Brodin, Y., Schäfer, M.L., Vinnersten, T.Z.P. & Östman, Ö. (2010a). High species richness of

Chironomidae (Diptera) in temporary flooded wetlands associated with high species turn-over rates. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100(4), 433–444. doi: 10.1017/S0007485309990472.

10 10 Östman, O., Lundstrӧm, J.O. & Persson Vinnersten, T.Z. (2008). Effects of mosquito larvae removal with Bacillus

thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) on natural protozoan communities. Hydrobiologia, 607, 231-235. doi: 10.1007/s10750-008- 9387-z.

11 11 Duguma, D., Hall, M.W., Rugman-Jones, P., Stouthamer. R., Neufeld, J.D. & Walton, W.E. (2015). Microbial

communities and nutrient dynamics in experimental microcosms are altered after the application of a high dose of Bti. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52, 763–773. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12422.

12 12 Government of Canada. (2016). Climate data [Daily Data Report for 2016]. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved from:

http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html? StationID =49568

13 13 Government of Canada. (2017). Climate data [Daily Data Report for 2017]. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved from:

http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html? StationID =49568

14 14Zheng, M.-L., Zhang, D.-J., Damiens, D. D., Lees, R.S. & Gilles, J.R.L. (2015). Standard operating procedures for

standardized mass rearing of the dengue and chikungunya vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) - II - Egg storage and hatching. Parasites & Vectors, 8, 348. http://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0951-x Photo (Slide 6):The Toronto Star https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2009/05/22/clouds_of_midges_thats_just_bug_love.html