Education Sector Belize is prioritizing education spending. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Education Sector

Belize is prioritizing education spending….

15 30 45 60 Expenditure (% of GDP per capita) 5000 10000 15000 20000 Expenditure (US$ adjusted by PPP) Iceland Argentina Trinidad and Tobago Chile Brazil Mexico

• St. Lucia

Antigua and Barbuda Jamaica BELIZE

• St. Vincent

Dominica Costa Rica Panama Colombia Venezuela Uruguay Peru Paraguay El Salvador Dominican Republic Bolivia Guyana Guatemala Nicaragua Per-student expenditure as % of GDP per capita

* Year of data varies: Belize, Chile, Columbia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, St. Lucia,

• St. Vincent & the Grenadines (2010); Antigua& Barbuda, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Iceland, Mexico (2009);

El Salvador, Trinidad & Tobago (2008); Panama, Venezuela (2007); Bolivia, Uruguay (2006) Source: IADB/EDU, World Bank and IMF Databases

Expenditure per student (Primary and Secondary levels)

… but is getting little bang for the buck.

Nicaragua Guatemala El Salvador Honduras LAC Domincan Republic Panama Costa Rica Mexico BELIZE BELIZE 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage of population 20% wealthiest 20% poorest Urban Rural Average

Source: IADB/EDU, 2009 Living Standards Measurement Survey (Belize) and most recent Household Surveys (other countries)

15 to 19 year-old youth who completed primary education

At the secondary level the situation is even bleaker …

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Belize LAC Average Belize Rural Belize Urban Belize Qtle1 Belize Qtle5

Source: IADB/EDU, 2009 Belize Living Standards Measurement Survey and World Bank Database

Secondary school enrollment

Almost 60% of eighth graders fail math …

Students who achieved below satisfactory grade Students who achieved above satisfactory grade

100 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage of students Mathematics English Social Studies Science Overall

Source: IADB/EDU, MOE Evaluation Unit

PSE results by subject

A - Excellent B - Competent C - Satisfactory D - Adequate F - Inadequate

Only half of test takers pass Math at the end

• f 12th grade…

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

English A Mathematics

% enrolled - sat exam % sitters - passed exam % enrolled - passed exam

Percentage of students Year

Source: IADB/EDU, MOE Evaluation Unit

Results on tertiary education entry requirement exams (CSEC)

Why does Belize get so little bang for the buck?

Belize has contracted loads of new teachers to maintain student-teacher ratios …

Primary schools Secondary schools Primary and secondary students 76000 78000 80000 82000 84000 86000 Student population 10 20 30 40 50 Ratio 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year

Source: IADB/EDU, MOE Planning Unit

Student-teacher ratios maintained, in spite of growing student population

… but class size appears to not be strongly linked to student performance in Belize

Correlation coefficient = 0.4180 10 20 30 40 50 60 Corozal Orange Walk Belize Cayo Stann Creek Toledo District Average class size Percentage of students with satisfactory PSE grades

Correlation between class size and student academic performance

The increase in the teaching force has brought down the proportion of trained teachers…

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Number of teachers 30 33 36 39 42 45 Percentage of teachers 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year % of trained teachers - primary % of trained teachers - secondary Total number of teachers - primary Total number of teachers - secondary

Source: IADB/EDU, MOE Planning Unit

Trained teachers

Teacher content gaps are huge ….

A B C D F

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Average score and corresponding grade Mathematics English Science Overall Subject Current teachers Prospective teachers Students

Source: IADB/EDU, Teacher Quality Study

Neither current nor prospective primary school teachers have strong content skills

There is strong correlation between trained teachers and student performance

Correlation coefficient = 0.7459 30 40 50 60 70 80 Corozal Orange Walk Belize Cayo Stann Creek Toledo District Percentage of trained teachers Percentage of students with satisfactory PSE grades

Correlation between trained teachers and student academic performance

In addition to lack of skills, teachers have few incentives to improve their performance…

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 BELIZE Mexico Iceland Brazil TALIS Average

Source: IADB/EDU, Belize Teacher Quality Assessment Survey 2012 and Teaching And Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2008, OECD.

Percentage of teachers who agree with the statement: Review of teachers' work is done to fulfill administrative requirements

10 20 30 40 50 BELIZE TALIS Average Iceland Brazil Mexico

Source: IADB/EDU, Belize Teacher Quality Assessment Survey 2012 and Teaching And Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2008, OECD.

Percentage of teachers who agree with the statement: Sustained poor performance of a teacher is tolerated by the rest of the staff

Also schools have few incentives to improve …

» Fun

unding has, with the exception of the reform at the secondary-school level, been input ut-ba based.

» Weak system for monitoring education quality.

Schools define curriculum, textbooks etc. without

• versight.

» No consequences for underperforming schools and

no rewards for performing schools.

» Parental involvement in school management is

generally minimal.

A few of the most important MOE Goals …

» Ful

ully trained teaching force by 2016: 75% at the primary level, 50% at the secondary level.

» Benchmark all teacher training programs against

regional and international standards. Establish national standards for teacher educ ucation.

» To improve compliance with the cur

urricul ulum um.

» Improve school leadership by 2016: 100%

principals and vice principals certified; and 75% of schools rated as effective.

» Quality assurance system based on clear

standards for both student learning and school management, both of which should be used as the basis for annual assessments of school performance;

» Principal training and assistance in School

Based Management;

» Shift the focus from inputs to outcomes

realized by students.

Policy Area 1: Strengthen Governance throughout the Sector

» Establishment of national teacher education

and accountability standards;

» Train teachers in both content knowledge and

inquiry-based classroom practices;

» National system for testing teacher content and

pedagogical skills; and

» System for monetary and non-monetary teacher

incentives to enhance teacher quality and student learning.

Policy Area 2: Teacher Quality

Emma Näslund-Hadley IDB Lead Education Specialist emman@iadb.org

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