Du Dupl plex ex Ni Nicke kel and nd Tr Triv ivalent lent - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Du Dupl plex ex Ni Nicke kel and nd Tr Triv ivalent lent Chr hromium: omium: Te Tech chnol ology ogy Update ate an and Ma Market et Inter terest est Presented sented By: Jeff ff Boehmer hmer Colum umbia bia Chem
Te Tech chnol
ate an and Ma Market et Inter terest est
Presented sented By: Jeff ff Boehmer hmer Colum umbia bia Chem emic ical l Company pany
1994 – EPA launched The Common Sense Initiative The program set out to find “cleaner, cheaper and smarter” ways of reducing pollution and recommending changes to environmental management in six key industrial sectors, including metal finishing. 1997 – National Metal Finishing Environmental R&D Plan Plan set priorities for pollution prevention and innovative
emissions of hexavalent chromium, cyanide, chlorinated solvents and cadmium. Successes include biodegradable degreasers, pollution prevention and control technology for chromium electroplating, powder coating, and zero discharge………
2015 – On July 21, 2015 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit denied NASF’s objection, claiming that the EPA has misapplied the requirements of the Clean Air Act, and upheld the final rule.
What does this mean for Decorative Chromium Plating?
Hexavalent Chromium
Evaluate and approve Trivalent Chromium Technology
Create, support and direct U.S. cooperative research and development to advance automotive technologies. Be responsive to the needs
society and include the appropriate public and private stakeholders. Focused on developing materials and processes that enable high volume production of vehicles when compared to todays vehicles are: Half the Mass As Affordable More Recyclable Of Equal or Better Quality and Durability
Technology Approvals
Approval of products to help guarantee desired results
achieved by all suppliers, worldwide.
(until more chemistries are approved)
This methodology has enlisted the help of chemical and material suppliers to aid in monitoring metal finisher’s process control. OEM’s are approving more supplier’s products and processes to add proven options, along with continued evaluation of new generation technologies.
Technological Advancements
Improvements to existing products Products to align with industry changes Price Competitive Create products that align with Company’s Core Values Customers
SEMI-BRIGHT NICKEL
Bright Nickel
control and condition of plating bath
BRIGHT NICKEL
– High leveling – Excellent brightness – Superior ductility
Decorative Plating- Leveling Quantification
Semi mi Br Bright ight Ni Nicke kel
Roughness Measurements ASTM D7127 - 13
surfaces
documentation of roughness changes
by average of peaks and valleys
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 20 40 60 80 100 Ra Improvement (um) 80 40 20 8 Component B (%)
Final Component Formulation Ratio
2.5cm 3.0cm 4.5cm 3.5cm 2.5cm
“A”
(g/L)
0.00
0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12
“B”
(g/L)
0.12 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.00
Decorative Plating- Leveling Quantification
Product “B” Product “A”
Decorative Nickel Plating Additional attributes measured during the R&D process include:
Stress
Ductility STEP Surface Tension Consumption Rates Overall Appearance
Brightener Level-Trending
Bright Nickel Leveling Reduction Indicating Treatment Initial Leveling Leveling after 1 year
Feasibility of Treatments
After Carbon Treatment Before Treatment Bright Nickel Carbon Treatment
performance of the solution.
– Fingerprint the bath performance. – Allows the customer to know quickly if they has a solution problem or substrate problem
nickel plating baths
– Don’t have to rely on expensive equipment to determine breakdown products (HPLC, IC)
– What is the best treatment to increase leveling … cost effective method
LOWER EMISSION LIMITS
Even though the EPA stated that non-PFOS- based
fume suppressants demonstrated they could lower the surface tension, they have not demonstrated the ability to reduce chromium emissions. Lower Emission Limits combined with non-PFOS- based fume suppressants may cause many installations to use HEPA filters.
limits and implement control/work practices as necessary.
their air handling equipment or switch to alternative trivalent chromium plating technologies.
approving Decorative Trivalent Chromium
– Automotive, AIAG, USCAR
1) Understand the methods needed within your shop to successfully achieve the new standards, including cost impact. 2) Education in new technologies as they become available, specifically trivalent chrome plating. 3) Understanding the cost savings of operating a trivalent chromium plating bath. 4) Understanding the overall benefits of trivalent chrome plating.
1 gallon (3.785 Liters) of Solution
Color Advantage
BYK-Gardner Color/Gloss
Initial Trivalent Chromium L=76 Leading Competitor L= 79.08 TriCOL Décor L= 79.43 Hexavalent Chromium L= 82.3
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 50 100 150 200 250 300 Thickness (um) Current Density (ASF) Low Cr All Medium Hi Cr
Infl flue uence nce of Formula mulation ion Co Compone ponents nts
ickness kness and Posit sitio ion
Thickness versus chromium concentration
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 50 100 150 200 250 300 Thickness (um) Current Density (ASF) Low KCl All Medium Hi KCl
Infl flue uence nce of Formula mulation ion Co Compone ponents nts
ickness kness and Posit sitio ion
Thickness versus Conductivity salt concentration
Infl flue uence nce of Formula mulation tion Compone ponents nts
ickness kness and Posit sitio ion
03-60
Wetting agents versus surface morphology
0.5 2.5 4.5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 275 200 150 125 100 75 60 50 40 Bottom of Panel (cm) Cr Depth (um) Current Density (ASF) 0.5 2.5 4.5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 275 200 150 125 100 75 60 50 40 Bottom of Panel (cm) Cr Depth Current Density (ASF)
0.5 2.5 4.5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 275 200 150 125 100 75 60 50 40 Bottom of Panel (cm) Cr Depth Current Density (ASF)
0.5 2.5 4.5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 275 200 150 125 100 75 60 50 40
Cr Depth
Hexavalent Trivalent
Hexavalent Trivalent
(Russian Mud)
Chemistries