DR VINOTHAN NAIDOO MGDs, SDGs and CHILDRENS RIGHTS SA contribution - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

RESEARCH REPORT FOR SAVE THE CHILDREN SOUTH AFRICA (SCSA) DR KRISTINA BENTLEY & DR VINOTHAN NAIDOO

 MGDs, SDGs and CHILDREN’S RIGHTS  SA contribution to global report  Platform for national advocacy  Integration of SDGs with NDP  SCOPE  Quality of Education  Quality of Healthcare  Preventable deaths under 5 (U5MR indicator)  CONTENT  SDGs 3 and 4 (Health and Education) and  SDGs 1, 2, 10 and 17 (poverty, food security, inequality and global partnership for sustainable development)  Interdependence and Intersectionality of the SDGs  SHIFT FROM ACCESS TO QUALITY  Challenges to access:  Spatial dimensions  Children with disabilities

Alignment between MDGs and SDGs MDGs SDGs MDG / SDG Alignment 1) Eradicate extreme 1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere MDG 1 hunger and poverty SDGs 1, 2 and 8 2) Achieve universal 2) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and MDG 2 primary education promote sustainable agriculture SDG 4 3) Promote gender 3) Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages MDG 3 equality and empower women SDG 5 4) Reduce child mortality 4) Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all MDG 4 SDGs 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17 5) Improve maternal 5) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls MDG 5 health SDGs 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17 6) Combat HIV/AIDS, 6) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all MDG 6 malaria and other diseases SDG 3 7) Ensure environmental 7) Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all MDG 7 sustainability SDGs 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 , 16 and 17 8) Develop a global 8) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and MDG 8 partnership for decent work for all development SDG 17 9) Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation 10) Reduce inequality within and among countries 11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 12) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 13) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts 14) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable Development 15) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 16) Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels 17) Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

 International and Regional Law: UNCRC and ACRWC  Health  Education  Life/Survival  Name/Nationality (Birth Registration)  Refugee and Migrant Children (‘Children on the Move’)  Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , Act 108 of 1996  Sections 28 and 29

Children’s Rights in South Africa – International, Regional and Constitutional Law Area / Content of the Right HEALTH Instrument United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) Article 24 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) Article 14: Section 28 (1) (c) Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Area / Content of the Right EDUCATION Instrument Article 28 UNCRC ACRWC Article 11 Section 29 Constitution Area / Content of the Right LIFE / SURVIVAL Instrument Article 6 UNCRC ACRWC Article 5 Section 11 Constitution Area / Content of the Right NAME, NATIONALITY AND BIRTH REGISTRATION Instrument Article 7 UNCRC ACRWC Article 6 Section 28 Constitution Area / Content of the Right REFUGEE AND MIGRANT CHILDREN Instrument UNCRC Article 22 ACRWC Article 23 Constitution Section 39

Children’s Act , Act 38 of 2005  Other legislation   Births and Deaths Registration Amendment Act, Act 18 of 2010 (commencement date 1 March 2014)  South African Schools Act, Act 84 of 1996 (amended in 2011)  Policy National Development Plan (NDP)   National Plan of Action for Children in South Africa 2012-2017 (NPAC)  Infant and Young Child Feeding Policy, Department of Health, 2013 (IYCFP)  National Policy for Provision of an enabling School Physical Teaching and Learning Environment , Department of Education, 2010  Integrated School Health Policy, 2013  Strategic Plan for Maternal, Newborn , Child and Women’s Health, undated

 Vertical and Horizontal  Multifaceted government framework  Intergovernmental (between national and provincial levels)  Interdepartmental  Challenge of ‘silo’ mentality  Shifting Institutional Responsibility  2004 – ORC  2009 – DWCPD  2014 - DSD

 Vertical, horizontal and multifaceted  Chapter 9s  SAHRC  CGE  Public Protector  PSC (Chapter 10)  Parliamentary Oversight and NCOP  Civil Society and citizen participation

 Progress on MDGS  SDG Targets and Plans  Departmental Policies and Plans  National plans and processes  Institutional Setup  Budgeting and Financing  Implementation and Financing Challenges  Gaps and Opportunities for SCSA

 MDG 4 – reduce by 2/3 U5MR  Indicators: U5MR, IMR and % children immunised against measles  SA Target: 20/1000 live births; most recent (2013) 45/1000;  Accelerated reduction since introduction of PMTCT, pneumococcus and rotavirus vaccines  Data challenges

 SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well- being for all at all ages, in particular  3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years  Improved data collection and management  2009 – EPI – 11 antigens  PMTCT  The ‘big 3’ – HIV/AIDS, Pneumonia and Diarrhoea

 National plans and processes  HIV/AIDS funding centralised through a conditional grant – ‘leverage’ over the provinces  Contrast with funding for child health as part of general PHC funding (not ring-fenced)  ARVS to ALL HIV+ expectant women  Integrated School Health Policy – particular focus on child nutrition  Shift to ward based PHC services  Breastfeeding policy u-turn in 2011-12  Institutional Setup  National and provincial departments – provinces receive 86% of budget  Budgeting and Financing  Capitalise on expenditure by reversing under-spending on facilities

 Integration of PMTCT with PHC services  Strengthening PHC model – move from district to community level (school-based health programme)  Requires an additional 45 000 CHWs – incremental rollout  Community-based factors in maternal and infant deaths – CHWs home visits

 Advocacy around exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months – a PUBLIC health issue  The message  Support  Medical issues  Community follow up on vaccines and PHC  Vaccine ‘literacy’ ( MomConnect platform)  International advocacy around stockouts  Awareness of PHC services at district and local level

 Progress on the MDGs  SDG Targets and Plans  Departmental Policies and Plans  National plans and processes  Early Childhood Development  Improving Learner Retention  Improving Learning Outcomes  Institutional Setup, Budgeting and Financing  Implementation and Financing Challenges  Gaps and Opportunities for SCSA

 MDG 2: To achieve universal primary education  Target: 100% completion primary schooling  Indicators:  Net enrolment ratio in primary education  Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary school; and  Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds  South Africa has achieved these goals by 90%+ on all indicators BUT  Quality and inequality (dual system)  Learner retention (indicator of quality)

 SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all  Targets: Literacy and numeracy FOR ALL (measured using international tests)  ‘Leave no - one behind’ - inequality  SA education system underperforms on learning outcomes despite being better resourced than regional counterparts.  Infrastructure woes – sanitation (learner retention)  How to close the gap?

DBE action plan aligned with NDP and SDGs – medium term to 2019, and long term to 2030 Early Childhood Development  Considerable gains, but needs to be rolled back further –  plans to extend to first 1000 days. Nutritional aspect and registration of facilities (key  recommendation re. administrative complexities) Improving Learner Retention  High dropout at secondary level  Gender aspects – sanitation and safety  Poor quality at primary level = high dropout at secondary  level Improving Learning Outcomes  Quality of teaching – qualifications and performance,  teacher-learner ratios Political challenge – role of unions 

 Relationship between national and provincial departments  69% of budget allocated to the provinces  Largest portion – salaries BUT  Has not increased size of the teacher workforce  Translates into poor quality as teacher ratios remain low  Affects rural and township schools in particular (duality of the system)