Dr. Jennifer Zwicker HOW DOES DATA IMPACT POLICY? Policy/clinical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How does data impact policy?

• Dr. Jennifer Zwicker

HOW DOES DATA IMPACT POLICY?

Intervention research and clinical application Needs assessment Evaluation Policy/clinical impact

DATA AND NEEDS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

NEEDS ASSESSMENT INFORMS RESEARCH AND POLICY

• Lifecourse health development trajectories
• Impact of various risk, promoting and protective factors on health

development

• Longitudinal population data to understand needs

Halfon 2013 Maternal and Child Health Journal

DEMOGRAPHICS

10 20 30 40 50 60 Any Disability Developmental Disability Autism Spectrum Disorder

Average Age

55.7 39.5 31.7 44.3 60.5 68.3

A NY DI S A BI LI T Y DE VE LOP ME NT A L DI S A BI LI T Y A UT I S M S P E C T RUM DI S ORDE R

female male 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 15 to 24 25 to 54 55 to 64 65 +

Totals for ASD & DD

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Developmental Disability (DD)

DESCRIBING UNMET NEEDS FOR PERSONS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY

Return on investm ent in hum an capital according to age

Findings from the Canadian Survey on Disability, 20 17

• Average total income $9700

Education outcomes

• 31% did not complete high school
• 27% completed high school
• 42% completed post secondary

Persons with ASD aged 15-64

POPULATION DATA IN CANADA

National data is inadequate for children and youth with disabilities

Stephanie Dunn and Jennifer Zwicker

FOCUS ON LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND EMPLOYMENT

LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION

National Averages

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 Labour force participation Employed Unemployed Any Disability Developmental Disability Autism Spectrum Disorder

2012 CSD

BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT FOR THOSE NOT IN THE LABOUR FORCE

Expected Income < Current Income Experienced Discrimination Family Responsibilities Health Condition Loose Additional Support Lack Special Transportation Lack Training No Jobs Available Past Attempts Unsuccessful

>1% & <10% >10%

Any disability Developmental Disability ASD

ACCOMMODATIONS REQUIRED FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITY

Any Disability Developmental Disability Autism Spectrum Disorder Modified Duties Working from Home Modified Work Hours Human Support Technical Aids Special Computer Software Communication Aids Modified Workstation Chair with Back Support

>1% & <10% >10% NA

TOP INDUSTRY SECTORS FOR EMPLOYMENT FOR PERSONS WITH ASD

Construction Retail Trade Information and Cultural Industries Administrative and Support Educational Services Healthcare and Social Assistance Accommodation and Food Services Public Administration

DATA TO POLICY EXAMPLES

• Linking federal

commitments to provincial supports

• Relevance of poverty

measures for persons with disability

• Utilization of the disability

tax credit

This doesn’t happen alone!

“Understanding Policy Developments and Choices Through the “3-i” Framework: Interests, Ideas and Institutions” http://www.ncchpp.ca/docs/2014_ProcPP_3iFramework_EN.pdf

LINKING FEDERAL COMMITMENTS TO PROVINCIAL SUPPORTS

WHAT EXISTS IN POLICY

• International
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
• Federal
• Canadian Charter or Rights and Freedoms
• Canadian Human Rights Act
• Employment Equity Act
• Federal Accessibility Legislation – passed third reading Nov 27 2018
• Provincial (Alberta)
• Alberta Human Rights Act
• Premier’s Council on the Status of Persons with Disabilities Act
• Persons with Developmental Disabilities Services Act
• Income and Employment Supports Act
• The Fair and Family-Friendly Workplaces Act

“We agree that there is much scope to improve the current patchwork of federal, provincial and territorial benefits and services. Work needs to be done at both levels of government to reduce the fragmentation of our supports and services” – IN UNISON a 1998 report from provincial ministers responsible for social services

PROGRAMS AND SUPPORTS

• Federal
• Opportunities Fund for Persons with Disabilities
• Canada-Alberta Labour Market Agreement for

Persons with Disabilities funding under Labour Market Agreements for Persons with Disabilities (LMAPDs)

• Western Economic Diversification Canada

Entrepreneurs with Disabilities Program

• Canada Pension Plan Disability – Disability

Vocational Rehabilitation Program

• Employment Insurance – Employment-Related

Services

• Aboriginal Skills and Employment Training

Strategy – Disability Services

• Working Income Tax Benefit Disability

Supplement (and Disability Tax Credit)

• Disability-Related Employment Benefits
• Disability Supports Deduction
• Refundable Medical Expense Supplement
• Provincial (Alberta)
• Alberta Works (including

Employment and Training Services and Transition to Employment Services)

• Assured Income for the Severely

Handicapped (AISH)

• Persons with Developmental

Disabilities (PDD) Program Employment Supports and Community Access Supports

• Disability-Related Employment

Supports (DRES)

LINKING FEDERAL COMMITMENTS AND PROVINCIAL SUPPORTS AND SERVICES

• Right to live in the com m unity

(article 19)

• Persons with Developmental

Disabilities (PDD) program community supports

• Right to education (article 24)
• Program unit funding
• Inclusive education
• Post-secondary grants for

Albertans with disabilities

• Right to work (article 27)
• Disability-Related

Employment Supports

• PDD program employment

supports

• Right to adequate standard of

living (article 28)

• AISH & Barriers to Full

Employment

• PDD Program
• Family Support for Children

with Disabilities

• Respect for hom e and the

fam ily (article 23)

• Family Support for Children

with Disabilities

• FASD initiatives
• Early childhood services

program

• Right to accessible health

services (article 25)

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON DISABILITY

OECD (2018). Public spending on incapacity (indicator) Unpublished analysis, Zwicker et al.

See our website with expenditure and caseload data for persons with disability www.disabilitydataproject.com

Workplace Readiness

Community-level Services

• transition and employment supports
• broader supports

Lived Experience

Macro-level Issues (Policy)

Nicholas et al 2018, J Autism Dev Disorders

THE EMPLOYMENT ECOSYSTEM

CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Employer knowledge Training and experience Stigma

A = Remove barriers and disincentives to work in income supports B = Increasing employment

• pportunities

C = Promoting employer training and knowledge D = Promoting better education/ training

A B C D Employer Society Individual Khayatzadeh-Mahani et al. 2019

www.policyschool.ca

RELEVANCE OF POVERTY MEASURES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITY

IS THE MARKET BASKET MEASURE A SUITABLE MEASURE OF POVERTY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITY?

POVERTY LEVELS FOR PERSONS WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITY

FINDINGS: DTC TAKE-UP IS LOW

Policy Paper Op-ed

Dunn and Zwicker, SPP Research Papers 2018

RECOMMENDATIONS: IMPROVE ACCESS & USE OF DISABILITY SUPPORTS

1. Increase available information, including better data on target population 2. Improve administration of the DTC

a) Implement a clear and transparent review and appeals process b) Consider a new disability assessment process for disability benefits, decoupling eligibility for

• ther important benefits from the

DTC

3. Improve support for individuals with disability living in low income

Senate Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology Disability Advisory Committee

THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY
University

• f Calgary Downtown Campus

906 8th Avenue S.W., 5th Floor
Calgary, Alberta T2P 1H9

Follow up questions, concerns or comments can be directed to: Jennifer Zwicker, PhD, MPP Director, Health Policy Assistant Professor, Faculty of Kinesiology P: 403-210-9224 | M: 403-389-1091 E: zwicker1@ucalgary.ca