Do Fossil Bivalve Shells Do Fossil Bivalve Shells From Seymour Island ( From Seymour Island ( Antarctic Peninsula ) Antarctic Peninsula ) Provide Evidence For Eocene El Provide Evidence For Eocene El Ni Niño ño ? ? Thomas Brey Thomas Brey Alfred Alfred Wegener Wegener Institute, Germany Institute, Germany Linda C. Ivany Ivany Linda C. Dept of Earth Sciences, Syracuse Univ., NY, USA Dept of Earth Sciences, Syracuse Univ., NY, USA Bernd Schöne Schöne Bernd Institute of Geosciences, Univ Institute of Geosciences, Univ. Mainz, Germany . Mainz, Germany Devin P. Buick Devin P. Buick Dept Of Geology, Univ. Dept Of Geology, Univ. of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA John Schue Schue John Liverpool High School, Syracuse, NY, USA Liverpool High School, Syracuse, NY, USA Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Do Fossil Bivalve Shells Do Fossil Bivalve Shells From Seymour Island ( From Seymour Island ( Antarctic Peninsula ) Antarctic Peninsula ) Provide Evidence For Eocene El Provide Evidence For Eocene El Ni Niño ño ? ? Present day ENSO effects on southern bivalves Present day ENSO effects on southern bivalves Existing evidence for ENSO during the Eocene Existing evidence for ENSO during the Eocene Eocene bivalve shell growth patterns bivalve shell growth patterns ENSO ? Eocene ENSO ? Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Present Day ENSO Present Day ENSO El Ni Niño ño Southern Oscillation ( Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ENSO) NINO3 Index (SST Anomalies) El 1.6 = “ “heartbeat heartbeat” ”of the global ocean - atmosphere system of the global ocean - atmosphere system = 0.8 Connected to various cyclical patterns, e.g. Connected to various cyclical patterns, e.g. 0.0 PDO ( Pacific Decadal Oscillation ), SAM ( SAM ( Southern Annular Mode ) PDO ( Pacific Decadal Oscillation ), Southern Annular Mode ) -0.8 -1.6 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Weather Weather “ You Got Rhythm ? You Got Rhythm ? ” ” “ Ecology Ecology 4.9 6.0 6.0 4.9 NINO3 - Relative Spectral Density (MTM) Economy Economy 3.2 Spectral Analysis: Spectral Analysis: on a global scale on a global scale 2.4 Classic: Fast Fourier Transform Classic: Fast Fourier Transform 1.6 (time series composed of sine & cosine waves) (time series composed of sine & cosine waves) 0.8 La Nina (Feb 1989) La Nina (Feb 1989) El El Ni Niño ño (Feb 1998) (Feb 1998) 0.0 Advanced: Singular Spectrum Analysis Advanced: Singular Spectrum Analysis 3.6 3.6 5.4 5.4 8.2 8.2 -0.8 Multi Taper Method Multi Taper Method 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y) ( (Gihl Gihl et al. 2002, Rev. Geophysics 40) et al. 2002, Rev. Geophysics 40) Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
ENSO Effects on Bivalves in the Far South ? ENSO Effects on Bivalves in the Far South ? Bivalve Eurhomalea exalbida Eurhomalea exalbida Bivalve E. exalbida - SGI Time Series Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego Fuego Beagle Channel, Tierra del 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 E. exalbida - Relative Spectral Density (MTM) 3.0 2.0 1.0 54°50’S 68°16’W 0.0 -1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y) Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Eurhomalea exalbida Eurhomalea exalbida - Beagle Channel - Beagle Channel E. exalbida - Relative Spectral Density (MTM) 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Shell growth pattern Shell growth pattern -1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 reflects ENSO pattern reflects ENSO pattern Period (y) NINO3 - Relative Spectral Density (MTM) 3.2 2.4 1.6 54°50’S 68°16’W 0.8 0.0 -0.8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y) Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Back to Back to the Eocene the Eocene Today Middle Eocene 50 Ma Seymour Island Seymour Island Mesonyx Temperature Temperature Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
ENSO during the Eocene ? ENSO during the Eocene ? Green River Formation Oil Shales Shales (Wyoming) (Wyoming) Green River Formation Oil Ripepe et al. 1991, Crowley et al. 1986 et al. 1991, Crowley et al. 1986 Ripepe 8.1 5.6 8.1 5.6 14.7 14.7 4.8 4.8 10.4 - 10.8 - 10.8 10.4 Stacked FFT Spectra Stacked FFT Spectra Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
ENSO during the Eocene ? ENSO during the Eocene ? Eckfeld Dry Dry Maar Maar Deposits (Germany) Deposits (Germany) Eckfeld Mingram 1998 1998 Mingram 5.5 5.5 8.7 8.7 11.4 11.4 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.3 6.0 6.0 FFT Spectrum FFT Spectrum Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
ENSO during the Eocene ? ENSO during the Eocene ? Eocene Coupled Climate Simulation Model Eocene Coupled Climate Simulation Model Huber & Caballero 2003 Huber & Caballero 2003 5.1 3.3 2.3 5.1 3.3 2.3 6.7 6.7 4.6 4.6 Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Evidence Summary Evidence Summary Ripepe et al. 91 Mingram et al. 98 Huber & Caballero 03 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 2 4 6 8 11 13 Period (y) 4.3 4.3 4.6 - 5.1 4.6 - 5.1 5.5 - 6.0 8.1 - 8.7 10.6 - 11.4 5.5 - 6.0 8.1 - 8.7 10.6 - 11.4 Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Seymour Island Seymour Island 64°17’ 64°17 ’S 56°45 S 56°45’ ’W W L i n d a La Meseta Meseta Formation Formation La (middle to late Eocene) (middle to late Eocene) Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
La La Meseta Meseta Formation Formation 64°17 64°17’ ’S 56°45 S 56°45’ ’W W Telm 1 - 7 1 - 7 Telm T ertiary ertiary E E ocene ocene L L a a M M eseta eseta T Geological Age Geological Age Telm 7: 7: 34 - 40 Ma 34 - 40 Ma Telm Telm 5: ± 50 Ma 5: ± 50 Ma Telm Telm 3: 53 - 54 Ma 3: 53 - 54 Ma Telm (Ivany Ivany et al. in press) et al. in press) ( Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Eocene Bivalves from La Eocene Bivalves from La Meseta Meseta Formation Formation Cucullaea sp. sp. Eurhomalea sp. sp. Cucullaea Eurhomalea Cucullaeidae Veneridae Cucullaeidae Veneridae Arcoida Veneroida Arcoida Veneroida Pteriomorpha Heterodonta Pteriomorpha Heterodonta Bivalvia Bivalvia Bivalvia Bivalvia (Ivany et al. 2004) Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Shell Growth Shell Growth Banding Banding Cucullaea sp. sp. Cucullaea Stable isotope profiles ( δ C, δ O) Stable isotope profiles ( δ 13 13 C, δ 18 18 O) confirm annual formation of growth bands confirm annual formation of growth bands Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
From Growth Bands to Spectral Density From Growth Bands to Spectral Density Growth Growth Band Measurements Individual SGI Time Series Individual SGI Time Series Growth Band Measurements Growth SSA Single Spectral Analysis (SSA) SSA Noise Reduced Time Series (±70%) Noise Reduced Time Series (±70%) Single Spectral Analysis (SSA) Multi Tapher MTM Tapher Method (MTM) Method (MTM) Individual Spectral Density Pattern Spectral Density Pattern Multi MTM Individual Stacking (6 + 3) Stacking Common Spectral Density Pattern Common Spectral Density Pattern Stacking (6 + 3) Stacking Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
All Shells - Spectral Density (MTM) All Shells - Spectral Density (MTM) Cucullaea Cucullaea Eurhomalea Eurhomalea Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Stacking by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Stacking by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) PCA PCA of 9 Spectra Weighted Mean of 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd Axis PCA PCA of 9 Spectra Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Temporal Patterns Temporal Patterns 8.1 8.1 9.4 9.4 4.2 4.2 5.0 5.0 5.6 5.6 Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Does It Fit ? Does It Fit ? Ripepe et al. 91 Mingram et al. 98 Shell growth periodicities Shell growth periodicities coincede coincede with geo-archives & models with geo-archives & models Huber & Caballero 03 ENSO like periodicities were present were present ENSO like periodicities in the Eocene Antarctic ! in the Eocene Antarctic ! Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
Thank You Very Much ! Thank You Very Much ! Eocene Enso - ISC 2007
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