Do Fossil Bivalve Shells Do Fossil Bivalve Shells From Seymour - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Thomas Brey Thomas Brey

Alfred Alfred Wegener Wegener Institute, Germany Institute, Germany

Linda C. Linda C. Ivany Ivany

Dept of Earth Sciences, Syracuse Univ., NY, USA Dept of Earth Sciences, Syracuse Univ., NY, USA

Bernd Bernd Schöne Schöne

Institute of Geosciences, Institute of Geosciences, Univ

• Univ. Mainz, Germany

. Mainz, Germany

Devin P. Buick Devin P. Buick

Dept Of Geology, Dept Of Geology, Univ.

• Univ. of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
• f Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

John John Schue Schue

Liverpool High School, Syracuse, NY, USA Liverpool High School, Syracuse, NY, USA

Do Fossil Bivalve Shells Do Fossil Bivalve Shells From Seymour Island ( From Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic Peninsula)

) Provide Evidence For Eocene El Provide Evidence For Eocene El Ni Niño ño ? ?

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Do Fossil Bivalve Shells Do Fossil Bivalve Shells From Seymour Island ( From Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula

Antarctic Peninsula)

) Provide Evidence For Eocene El Provide Evidence For Eocene El Ni Niño ño ? ?

Present day ENSO effects on southern bivalves Present day ENSO effects on southern bivalves Existing evidence for ENSO during the Eocene Existing evidence for ENSO during the Eocene Eocene Eocene bivalve shell growth patterns bivalve shell growth patterns 

 ENSO ?

ENSO ?

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

La Nina (Feb 1989) La Nina (Feb 1989) El El Ni Niño ño (Feb 1998) (Feb 1998)

Present Day ENSO Present Day ENSO

NINO3 - Relative Spectral Density (MTM)

• 0.8

0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y)

Connected to various cyclical patterns, e.g. Connected to various cyclical patterns, e.g. PDO ( PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Pacific Decadal Oscillation),

), SAM ( SAM (Southern Annular Mode

Southern Annular Mode)

) El El Ni Niño ño Southern Oscillation ( Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ENSO) = = “ “heartbeat heartbeat” ”of the global ocean - atmosphere system

• f the global ocean - atmosphere system

  Weather Weather   Ecology Ecology   Economy Economy

• n a global scale
• n a global scale

NINO3 Index (SST Anomalies)

• 1.6
• 0.8

0.0 0.8 1.6 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

4.9 4.9 6.0 6.0 3.6 3.6 5.4 5.4 8.2 8.2

“

“ You Got Rhythm ? You Got Rhythm ? ” ”

  Spectral Analysis:

Spectral Analysis: Classic: Classic: Fast Fourier Transform Fast Fourier Transform (time series composed of sine & cosine waves) (time series composed of sine & cosine waves) Advanced: Advanced: Singular Spectrum Analysis Singular Spectrum Analysis Multi Taper Method Multi Taper Method (

(Gihl Gihl et al. 2002, Rev. Geophysics 40) et al. 2002, Rev. Geophysics 40)

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

54°50’S 68°16’W

Bivalve Bivalve Eurhomalea exalbida Eurhomalea exalbida Beagle Channel, Tierra del Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego Fuego

ENSO Effects on Bivalves in the Far South ? ENSO Effects on Bivalves in the Far South ?

• E. exalbida - SGI Time Series
• 2.0
• 1.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995

• E. exalbida - Relative Spectral Density (MTM)
• 1.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y)

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Eurhomalea exalbida Eurhomalea exalbida

• Beagle Channel
• Beagle Channel

54°50’S 68°16’W

• E. exalbida - Relative Spectral Density (MTM)
• 1.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y)

NINO3 - Relative Spectral Density (MTM)

• 0.8

0.0 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Period (y)

Shell growth pattern Shell growth pattern reflects ENSO pattern reflects ENSO pattern

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Mesonyx

Back to Back to the Eocene the Eocene

Temperature Temperature

Today Middle Eocene 50 Ma Seymour Island Seymour Island

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

ENSO during the Eocene ? ENSO during the Eocene ?

Stacked FFT Spectra Stacked FFT Spectra Green River Formation Oil Green River Formation Oil Shales Shales (Wyoming) (Wyoming) Ripepe Ripepe et al. 1991, Crowley et al. 1986 et al. 1991, Crowley et al. 1986

14.7 14.7 8.1 8.1 5.6 5.6 4.8 4.8 10.4 10.4 - 10.8

• 10.8

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

FFT Spectrum FFT Spectrum

ENSO during the Eocene ? ENSO during the Eocene ?

Eckfeld Eckfeld Dry Dry Maar Maar Deposits (Germany) Deposits (Germany) Mingram Mingram 1998 1998

11.4 11.4 8.7 8.7 5.5 5.5 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.3 6.0 6.0

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

ENSO during the Eocene ? ENSO during the Eocene ?

Eocene Coupled Climate Simulation Model Eocene Coupled Climate Simulation Model Huber & Caballero 2003 Huber & Caballero 2003

6.7 6.7 5.1 5.1 3.3 3.3 2.3 2.3 4.6 4.6

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Evidence Summary Evidence Summary

Mingram et al. 98 Ripepe et al. 91 Huber & Caballero 03

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4.3 4.3 4.6 - 5.1 4.6 - 5.1 5.5 - 6.0 5.5 - 6.0 8.1 - 8.7 8.1 - 8.7 10.6 - 11.4 10.6 - 11.4 Period (y)

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

64°17 64°17’ ’S 56°45 S 56°45’ ’W W

Seymour Island Seymour Island

La La Meseta Meseta Formation Formation (middle to late Eocene) (middle to late Eocene) L i n d a 

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

64°17 64°17’ ’S 56°45 S 56°45’ ’W W

La La Meseta Meseta Formation Formation

Geological Age Geological Age Telm Telm 7: 7: 34 - 40 Ma 34 - 40 Ma Telm Telm 5: ± 50 Ma 5: ± 50 Ma Telm Telm 3: 53 - 54 Ma 3: 53 - 54 Ma

( (Ivany Ivany et al. in press) et al. in press)

Telm Telm 1 - 7 1 - 7 T Tertiary ertiary E Eocene

• cene L

La a M Meseta eseta

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Eocene Bivalves from La Eocene Bivalves from La Meseta Meseta Formation Formation

Cucullaea Cucullaea sp. sp. Cucullaeidae Cucullaeidae Arcoida Arcoida Pteriomorpha Pteriomorpha Bivalvia Bivalvia Eurhomalea Eurhomalea sp. sp. Veneridae Veneridae Veneroida Veneroida Heterodonta Heterodonta Bivalvia Bivalvia

(Ivany et al. 2004)

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Shell Growth Shell Growth Banding Banding

Cucullaea Cucullaea sp. sp. Stable isotope profiles ( Stable isotope profiles (δ δ13

13C,

C, δ δ18

18O)

O) confirm annual formation of growth bands confirm annual formation of growth bands

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Growth Growth MTM MTM Stacking Stacking SSA SSA

From Growth Bands to Spectral Density From Growth Bands to Spectral Density

Growth Band Measurements Growth Band Measurements

 

Individual SGI Time Series Individual SGI Time Series Single Spectral Analysis (SSA) Single Spectral Analysis (SSA)

 

Noise Reduced Time Series (±70%) Noise Reduced Time Series (±70%) Multi Multi Tapher Tapher Method (MTM) Method (MTM)

  Individual

Individual Spectral Density Pattern Spectral Density Pattern Stacking (6 + 3) Stacking (6 + 3)

 

Common Spectral Density Pattern Common Spectral Density Pattern

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

All Shells - Spectral Density (MTM) All Shells - Spectral Density (MTM)

Cucullaea Cucullaea Eurhomalea Eurhomalea

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

PCA PCA

Stacking by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Stacking by Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

PCA of 9 Spectra PCA of 9 Spectra 



Weighted Mean of 1st, 2nd and 3rd Axis

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Temporal Patterns Temporal Patterns

9.4 9.4 8.1 8.1 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.2 5.6 5.6

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Does It Fit ? Does It Fit ?

  ENSO like periodicities

ENSO like periodicities were present were present in the Eocene Antarctic ! in the Eocene Antarctic !

Mingram et al. 98 Ripepe et al. 91 Huber & Caballero 03

  Shell growth periodicities

Shell growth periodicities coincede coincede with geo-archives & models with geo-archives & models

Eocene Enso - ISC 2007

Thank You Very Much ! Thank You Very Much !