Diversity of Supernova-Hypernova Properties K. Nomoto (IPMU, U. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Diversity of Supernova-Hypernova Properties K. Nomoto (IPMU, U. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Diversity of Supernova-Hypernova Properties K. Nomoto (IPMU, U. Tokyo) Diversity & Peculiarities of Supernovae Ultra-Luminous SNe (IIn, II-L, Ic) Pair Instability ? Core-Collapse ? GRB ? CSM Interaction ? Ultra-Faint SNe

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SLIDE 1

Supernova-Hypernova

  • K. Nomoto (IPMU, U. Tokyo)

Diversity of Properties

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SLIDE 2

Diversity & Peculiarities of Supernovae

  • Ultra-Luminous SNe (IIn, II-L, Ic)

Pair Instability ? Core-Collapse ? GRB ? CSM Interaction ?

  • Ultra-Faint SNe (IIn, Ic): SN Impostor ?

(peculiar) SN Ia ? Super AGB ? Fallback SN ? non-SN GRB ?

  • GRB-SN :
  • Magnetar ?
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SLIDE 3

The Final Fates of Single Stars

  • M < 0.08 M

Brown Dwarf

  • 0.08 -- 0.46 M

He White Dwarf

  • 0.46 -- 8 M

C+O White Dwarf

  • 8 M -- Mup

O+Ne+Mg WD

  • Mup -- 10 M

ONeMg–cc-SN + NS

  • 10 M -- Mns

Fe-cc-Supernova + NS

  • Mns -- 140 M

Fe-cc-Supernova + BH

  • 140 -- 300 M

Pair Instability SN

  • 300 -- 105 M

SN + BH

  • 105 M < M BH(H)
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SLIDE 4

(I) 8 – 10 M Stars

Super AGB Stars (1.07 M < Mcore < MCh) degenerate ONeMg core

  • 8 M < M < Mup

ONeMg White Dwarfs Mup ~ 9 M ( Z )

  • Mup < M < 10 M (Mcore ~ MCh)

ONeMg Core Collapse SNe II due to Electron Capture

Nomoto 1984

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SLIDE 5

Electron Capture in 8-10 M Stars

  • 24Mg(e-,ν)24Na

(e-,ν)24Ne ฀ ρ>4.0×109gcm-3

  • →collapse

Accretion-Induced Collapse of a WD ?

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SLIDE 6

Presupernova Density Structure

Nomoto- Umeda et al.-

Density

Steep Density Gradient

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SLIDE 7

9M Star Neutrino Heating  Weak Explosion

Steep Density Gradient Eexp =11050 erg Mej=0.014M Nucleosynthesis

Kitaura, Janka, & Hillebrandt (2006)

M（56Ni)=0.002-0.003M

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SLIDE 8

56Co-decay

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SLIDE 9

Faint SNe IIn: SN 2008S, NGC300-OT

(Della Valle et al. 08; Pastorelle 08; Botticella et al. 09)

Progenitor = Super AGB star ?

(Prieto et al. 08,09 Thompson et al. 08)

SN Impostor ?

(Smith et al. 09 Bond et al. 09 Berger et al. 09) Botticellar et al. 2009

  • 14
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SLIDE 10

(II) M > 10 M : Fe Core Collapse

(20 M; z=0.02)

Ohkubo et al.

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SLIDE 11

SNe II-P

(Smartt 08)

M(56Ni)  Radioactive tail Plateau

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SLIDE 12

(Smartt 2008)

M (56Ni) – Main Sequence Mass

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SLIDE 13

Faint Supernovae

SN 2008ha (I ?) 2005cz (Ib)

(Kawabata+)

2005E (Ib)

(Peretz+)

2008S (IIn)

（Kawabata et al. 2010 Nature in press)

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SLIDE 14

Faint SN 2008ha: Spectra(narrow)

Foley et al. (2009) Filippenko (1997) SN Ia SN I 2008ha

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SLIDE 15

Fallback model for SN 2008ha

  • CO star core-collapse model

Moriya et al.

(13 M  2.7 M)

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SLIDE 16

Fallback in Jet-induced Explosion

Jet BH/NS BH

Edep: Energy deposition rate

(Rotation, B etc.)

.

  • cf. “Collapsar”(e.g., MacFadyen et al. 01)

Magnetorotational Supernovae

(e.g., Moiseenko et al. 06) Jet

(Tominaga et al. 2007)

Same mass and explosion energy

40M 1.5x1052erg

Maeda et al. Mazzali et al. Modjaz et al.

[OI] 6300A (SUBARU

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SLIDE 17

Della Valle et al. 2006

non-SN GRB

GRB 060614

Fynbo et al. 2006 Gal-Yam et al. 2006

Dark Hypernova

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SLIDE 18

GRB 030329 / GRB 030329 / SN SN 2003dh 2003dh

Hjorth et al (2003) Stanek et al (2003) ;

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SLIDE 19

Ia Ic Ib 94I 97ef 98bw

He Ca O SiII

Hyper

  • novae

Spectra of Supernovae & Hypernovae

Hypernovae： broad features blended lines “Large mass at high velocities” I c: no H, no strong He, no strong Si

Patat et al. (1999)

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SLIDE 20

SN1994I SN2006aj SN2003lw SN1997ef SN2002ap SN2003dh SN1998bw

GRB-SN

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SLIDE 21

GRB-Supernovae

GRB SN MCO/M Mms/M E/1051erg M(56Ni)/M 980425 1998bw 14 40 30 0.4 030329 2003dh 11 35 40 0.35 031203 2003lw 16 45 60 0.55

Three GRB－SNe = all Type Ic Hypernovae E > 1052 erg (～10×normal SN)

Large Mms →Black Hole Forming SNe Aspherical

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SLIDE 22
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SLIDE 23

M(56Ni) - M(main Seq)

23

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SLIDE 24

Hypernova in Prague

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SLIDE 25

Hypernova in Prague

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SLIDE 26

Non-GRB, peculiar SN Ib 2005bf

MAGNUM (U. Tokyo)

SN2005bf

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SLIDE 27

SN Ib 2005bf

Anupama et al. (2005) Tominaga et al. (2005) Folatelli et al. (2006)

Double Peaks M(56Ni) =0.07 M : 1st =0.3 M : 2nd

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SLIDE 28

SN 2005bf: Light Curve @ Late Phases

Maeda et al. (astro-ph/0705.2713) (ApJ 2007 Sep)

SUBARU obs

M(56Ni) < 0.07 M

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SLIDE 29

1st peak: 56Ni decay 2nd peak: Magnetized Pulsar ?

L=L0(t/t0)β L0=8x1043erg/s(*) T0=60day β = -4 (n = 2)

(*) If dipole, e.g., B0~1015 G, P0~10 ms

Maeda et al. (astro-ph/0705.2713) (ApJ 2007 Sep)

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SLIDE 30

SN 2005bf: Unipolar Explosion ? (NS kick ?)

Maeda, et al. ApJ 2007

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SLIDE 31

Spectropolarimetry with Subaru

31

Tanaka et al. 2009

Subaru VLT

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SLIDE 32

SN 2005bf

32

Tanaka et al. 2009

Polarization

Large asymmetry

Nebular spectra

Unipolar?

2nd Peak

Magnetic power?

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SLIDE 33

Brightest Hypernova: 1999as @z=0.127

E ~ 3×1052erg Mms ~ 60M MCO ~ 20M M(56Ni) ~ 5.4M SN 1999as mag

(Deng et al. )

(Knop et al.)

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SLIDE 34

Extremely Luminous SNe

SN Ic 2007bi (Pair-Instability?)

M(56Ni) ~ 5 M

Gal-Yam et al. 2009

(SN 1987A x 70)

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SLIDE 35

Massive Star Origin ?

Pop III : Mass Accretion ? (e.g. Ohkubo+ 2009) M ~ 40 - 140 M M ~ 140 – 300 M M > 300 M (dM/dt ??) Stellar Mergers in Dense Star Clusters?

(e.g., Ebisuzaki+)

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SLIDE 36

Pop III Stars: Mass Accretion 

Pair-Instability (140-300 M) or Core-Collapse

Ohkubo et al. (2009)

Accretion Final Mass

1 M

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SLIDE 37

Ohkubo et al. (2009)

Pop III Stars: Mass Accretion 

Core Collapse (40-140 M)  LSN & GRB ?

Accretion Final Mass

1 M

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SLIDE 38

M = 50M M = 100M E51 = 30 E51 = 30 E51 = 100 E51 = 100

Umeda & Nomoto

56Ni 56Ni 56Ni 56Ni

Log (Mass Fraction) Log (Mass Fraction)

Mr Mr Mr

Core-Collapse SN Models

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SLIDE 39
  • M (ms) = 100 M

270 M

  • M (C+O core) = 43 M

121 M

  • M (ejecta) = 39 M

121 M

  • E (kin) = 3.3 E52 erg 7E52 erg
  • M (56Ni) = 6.1 M

9.8 M

  • LC: rise time = 52 - 85 days 150 days
  • Jet-induced Explosion

 Aspherical Hypernova  GRB?

Models for Luminous SNe Core-Collapse PISN

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SLIDE 40

PISN vs. Core-Collapse :

SN Ic 2007bi, SN IIn 2006gy

Moriya et al.

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SLIDE 41

SN Ibc 2007bi (core-collapse Hypernova)

Moriya et al.

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SLIDE 42

Photospheric Velocity (SN 2007bi)

Moriya et al.

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SLIDE 43

Extremely Luminous Supernovae

Pair Instability SN ? Core-Collapse Hypernovae (Pop III GRB?) Circumstellar Interaction ?

Mass loss ? Mass Accretion ? Stellar Mergers ?

Fallback SN ? Low Mass SN? non-SN GRB & Metal Poor Stars

Extremely Faint Supernovae