Distribution The definition of distribution Distribution of the - - PDF document

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Three Acts of the Mind

• Simple Apprehension
• Judgment
• Deductive Inference
• Term
• Proposition
• Syllogism

Mental Act: Verbal Expression:

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Distribution

The definition of distribution Distribution of the subject-term Distribution of the predicate-term Different ways to diagram I and O statements

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Definition of Distribution

Distribution is the status of a term in regard to its extension.

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Distribution of the Subject-Term

The subject-term is distributed in statements whose quantity is universal and undistributed in statements whose quantity is particular.

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Distribution of the Subject-Term

A: All mend are mortal I: Some menu are mortal E: No mend are mortal O: Some menu are not mortal

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Diagram of the Distribution of Terms

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Type of Sentence Subject-Term A I E O Distributed Undistribute d Distributed Undistribute d

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Distribution of the Predicate-Term

In affirmative propositions the predicate- term is always taken particularly (and therefore undistributed) and in negative propositions the predicate is always taken universally (and therefore distributed).

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Distribution of the Predicate-Term

A: All men are mortalu I: Some men are mortalu E: No men are mortald O: Some men are not mortald

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Diagram of the Distribution

• f Terms

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Type of Sentence Predicate-Term A I E O Undistributed Undistributed Distributed Distributed

Distribution of the Predicate in A Statements

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Animal Man Diagram 8-1

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Distribution of the Predicate in I Statements

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Vicious Things Dogs Diagram 8-2

Distribution of the Predicate in E Statements

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Men Reptiles Diagram 8-3

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Distribution in O Statements

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Dogs Vicious Things Diagram 8-4

Different Ways to Diagram I and O Statements

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There are two kinds of I statements that require differing diagrams

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Diagrams for Type 1 I Statements

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In diagrams of I statements in which there are some members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a solid line is used for the circle indicating the predicate class.

Diagrams for Type 1 I Statements

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Diagram 8-5 Vicious Things Dogs

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Diagrams for Type 2 I Statements

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In diagrams of I statements in which there are no members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a broken line is used in the circle representing the predicate class.

Diagrams for Type 2 I Statements

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Carpenters Men Diagram 8-6

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Diagram of the Distribution of Terms

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Type of Sentence Subject-Term Predicate- Term A I E O Undistributed Undistributed Distributed Distributed Distributed Undistributed Distributed Undistributed

Diagrams for Type 1 O Statements

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In diagrams of O statements in which there are some members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a solid line is used for the circle indicating the predicate class.

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Diagrams for Type 1 O Statements

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Dogs Vicious Things Diagram 8-7

Diagrams for Type 2 O Statements

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In diagrams of I statements in which there are no members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a broken line is used in the circle representing the predicate class .

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Diagrams for Type 2 O Statements

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Men Carpenters Diagram 8-8

Distribution

The definition of distribution Distribution of the subject-term Distribution of the predicate-term Different ways to diagram I and O statements

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