Direct Deflection of Particle Dark Matter Asher Berlin Searching - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Direct Deflection of Particle Dark Matter Asher Berlin Searching - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Direct Deflection of Particle Dark Matter Asher Berlin Searching for new physics - Leaving no stone unturned! University of Utah August 8, 2019 ongoing with R. DAgnolo, S. Ellis, P. Schuster, N. Toro Direct Detection Below an MeV

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Direct Deflection of Particle Dark Matter

Asher Berlin

Searching for new physics - Leaving no stone unturned! University of Utah August 8, 2019

  • ngoing with R. D’Agnolo, S. Ellis, P. Schuster, N. Toro
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SLIDE 2

Direct Detection Below an MeV

predictive cosmology detectable viable

mforce ⌧ meter1

millicharge-like on meter length scales

(freeze-in) (self-interactions, stellar cooling, 5th forces) (light mediator)

χ χ γ

eqeff mA0 . 109 eV ⇠ 1 100 m kinetically-mixed dark photon

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SLIDE 3

Freeze-In

⇥ = ) q ⇠ 1 ↵em ✓ me Teq mχ mpl ◆1/2 ⇠ 10−11 ✓MeV mχ ◆1/2 YDM 1/T

freeze-in freeze-out

) (ee → χχ) (χχ → ee) (

◆ T ⇠ me

arXiv:0911.1120

qeff

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SLIDE 4

) A0

  • e q

e q

  • (direct detection)

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 105 10-18 10-17 10-16 10-15 10-14 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-7

mc @keVD qeff = e e¢ ê e

stellar cooling

CMB

Coulomb H1971L

SN1987A

XENON10

freeze-in

MilliCharged Dark Matter

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SLIDE 5

Direct Detection via Scattering

  • new scattering targets
  • new read-out technologies
  • similar philosophy

arXiv:1707.04591

small mass → large number density, small momentum → easier to manipulate instead, take advantage of:

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SLIDE 6

New Observables

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SLIDE 7

Electromagnetic Fields

⇠ 10 E, B E0, B0

0 ⇢, j

, j

6

0 r ⇠ m1 A0 cm 0 ⇠ ✏E, ✏B

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SLIDE 8

qeff ⇠ ✏e0/e ⇠ 1011 ⇣ mχ MeV ⌘1/2 (freeze-in) rg ⇠ mχ vχ qeff e B ⇠ meter ⇥ ⇣ mχ keV ⌘3/2 ✓10 T B ◆

  • bend it:
  • stop it:

◆ mχ v2

χ ⇠ qeff e ∆V =

) ∆V ⇠ MV ⇥ ⇣ mχ keV ⌘3/2

Active Direct Detection

! ) ! ! (vχ ⌧ 1 = ) electric fields are more efficient than magnetic fields)

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SLIDE 9

Inducing Dark Matter Waves

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SLIDE 10

Debye Screening

shielded deflector ρDebye

χ

' (eqeff)2 ρDM Vdef m2

χ v2 χ

ρχ ' 0 ρχ ' 0 Edef

' χ±

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SLIDE 11

Non-Adiabatic Debye Screening

shielded deflector Edef

' χ±

wind R L ρχ ' ρDebye

χ

(R/L)3 jχ ' ρχ vχ )

A0

Edef ! Edef eiωt = ) ⇢χ ! ⇢χ eiωt , jχ ! jχ eiωt

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SLIDE 12

Non-Adiabatic Debye Screening

  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5

  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5

x ê R y ê R Current Density Hjc ê jc

DebyeL

0.0001 0.0003 0.0007 0.002 0.006 0.015 0.04 0.1 0.3

deflector

ô

wind

  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5

  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5

x ê R y ê R Charge Density Hrc ê rc

DebyeL

  • 0.04
  • 0.015
  • 0.006
  • 0.002
  • 0.0007
  • 0.0003
  • 0.0001

0.3 0.1 0.04 0.015 0.006 0.002 0.0007 . 3 0.0001

deflector

ô

wind

!p ⌧ ! ⌧ ⇡ vχ/R (maximum deflection)

(ignore backreaction)

) ' ⇥ = ) kHz ⇥ (mχ/eV)1/4 ⌧ ! ⌧ MHz ⇥ (R/meter)1 ✓ ◆ ⇣ ⌘ electric fields magnetic fields 100 kHz (quasi-static)

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SLIDE 13

ρχ

jχ

Bχeiωt

Eχeiωt

jχ

Edef eiωt

shielded deflector shielded detector χ±

vχ

2πvχ/ω

Direct Deflection

high-Q resonant detector ⇠ quasi-static (! ⌧ 1/R) = ) ( Eχ ⇠ ⇢χ R eiωt Bχ ⇠ vχ ⇢χ R eiωt ( ⇠ Edef ⇠ 10 kV/cm , R ⇠ meter = ) ( Eχ ⇠ 1012 kV/cm ⇥ (qeff/1010)2 (mχ/keV)2 Bχ ⇠ 1019 T ⇥ (qeff/1010)2 (mχ/keV)2

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SLIDE 14

Detecting Dark Matter Waves

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SLIDE 15

LC Resonators

R LPU C SQUID LIn

= DM Radio, Auriga…

➤ ➤

Bχ eiωt Eχ eiωt

L VDM ΦDM

ΦSQ

shielded detector

◆ ⇣ ⌘ Esig , Bsig ⇠ QEχ , QBχ

capacitively coupled inductively coupled

⇣ ⌘ , !LC ' ! (⌧ 1/R)

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SLIDE 16

LC Resonators

DM Radio (effective currents via ultralight DM) Auriga (gravity waves) no need to scan or operate down at kHz frequencies ⟹ Q > 106

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SLIDE 17

Directional Dependence

  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5

  • 5
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1

1 2 3 4 5

x ê R y ê R Charge Density Hrc ê rc

DebyeL

  • 0.04
  • 0.015
  • 0.006
  • 0.002
  • 0.0007
  • 0.0003
  • 0.0001

0.3 0.1 0.04 0.015 0.006 0.002 0.0007 0.0003 . 1

deflector

ô

wind

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SLIDE 18

Daily Modulation

0.5 1 0.5 1

t @dayD rcHtL ê rcH0L

v0 = 1.5 ¥ 220 kmês v0 = 220 kmês v0 = 0.5 ¥ 220 kmês

deflector: ω signal: ω ± ω⨁

ve

Earth axis of
 rotation t=0

휃e

Cygnus

휃e ~ 42° DEC ~ 48°

Celestial
 equator

crystal axis

휃lab 휃lab

crystal axis

t=1/2 day

arXiv:1807.10291 deflector-detector axis deflector-detector axis

DM wind (sensitive to vwind and v0)

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SLIDE 19

Reach Summary

transition when ⇠ ⇠ mχ vχ . meter−1 = ) mχ . 10−7 keV

r ·

  • qeff(reach) / mχ V

7

12

sh

hEdefi 1

2 (Q ! tint/TLC) 1 4

ω = 100 kHz , tint = year , hEdefi = 10 kV/cm

ultralight cosmology?

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 105 10-18 10-17 10-16 10-15 10-14 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-7

mc @keVD qeff = e e¢ ê e

B-field HDM RadioL E-field HIL E-field HIIL E-field HIIIL

stellar cooling

CMB

Coulomb H1971L

SN1987A

XENON10

SENSEI H100 gL SuperCDMS-G2 H1 kgL

I: Vsh = 5 m , TLC = 4 K, Q = 104

3

II: Vsh = 10 m , TLC = 4 K, Q = 106

3

III: Vsh = 10 m , TLC = 100 mK, Q = 107

3

qeff HreachL µ Vsh

  • 7ê12TLC

1ê4Q-1ê4

freeze-in

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SLIDE 20

Active Direct Detection

  • induced daily modulation
  • electromagnetic focusing/trapping of dark matter
  • optimal geometry for wind
  • deflection-detection for spin-coupled forces, …