Dinophysis Nguyen Van Nguyen RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MARINE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Dinophysis Nguyen Van Nguyen RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MARINE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 27, 2024 327 likes •549 views

WESTPAC workshop on the development of a research strategy for Harmful Algal Blooms Toward the future development of HAB science in the Western Pacific What we know, and what we do not know on HABs Dinophysis Nguyen Van Nguyen

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Dinophysis

Nguyen Van Nguyen RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MARINE FISHERIES, VIETNAM Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 19-21 December 2016

WESTPAC workshop on the development of a research strategy for Harmful Algal Blooms “Toward the future development of HAB science in the Western Pacific –What we know, and what we do not know on HABs”

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1-1. List of known toxic species (in the world) 1-2. List of toxic species in the region, and distribution

Species Distribute in the region Toxins 1 Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 Japan, New-zealand DTX1, PTX2 2 Dinophysis acuta Ehrenberg, 1839 New-zealand OA, DTX1, DTX2, PTX2, PTX11, PTX12 3 Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent, 1881 Widely ditributed OA, DTX1, PTX2 4 Dinophysis fortii Pavillard, 1923 Japan OA, DTX1, PTX2 5 Dinophysis infundibulum J. Schiller, 1928 Japan PTX2 6 Dinophysis miles Cleve, 1900 Tropical waters DTX-1 7 Dinophysis sacculus Stein, 1883 Europe OA 8 Dinophysis tripos Gourret, 1883 Japan DTX1, PTX2, 9 Dinophysis ovum Schütt, 1895 Europe, US OA 10 Phalacroma mitra F.Schütt, 1895 Tropical DTX1 11 Dinophysis rotundata Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 Worldwide OA, DTXs, PTXs There are over 200 species described, with few species appeared in high abundance. So far 11 species are known to produce toxins. The rest are unknown in terms of toxin production due to difficulty in having significant numbers of cell because most of them are scare in density and culturing techniques are unavailable yet.

Other more than 200 species Not yet analized

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3

  • Conventional classification is based on cell

size and shape, structure of sulcal lists and presence of chloroplast.

  • These parameters, especially cell size and

shape, show wide range of variation within certain species, and the range may overlap among species.

  • Species boundary is not clear.
  • Classification needs re-evaluation.

1-3 Morphological characters for species identification

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4

  • More and more evidence of species go on

morphological deformation process which distorts cell form and leads to interpretation as different species and make classification of boundaries complicated.

Polymorphism

Dinophysis Histioneis Metadinophysis Ornithocercus

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The need to revise classification of Dinophysis

  • Genus level: Phalacroma vs Dinophysis
  • Species level: Separation
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  • Difference in DNA sequences usually implicates difference in morphology.
  • Thus, DNA sequence is an useful criterion.
  • But this criterion should be applied with caution on the underestimation
  • f the difference.

Separation of species needed

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Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Dinophysis sensu lato Oxyphysis and former Phalacroma

At genus level

Phalacroma and Dinophysis: merge or separate?

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  • O. splendidus O. heteroporus O. biclavatus O. magnificus O. magnificus
  • O. steinii O. thumii O. skogsbergii O. quadratus O. galea
  • D. parvula D. rotundata D. elongata D. amandula D. sp.
  • D. argus D. apicata D. cuneus D. favus D. mitra D. rapa D. hindmarchii D. doryphora
  • D. acutissima D. expulsa D. hastata D. sphaerica D. infundibulus D. norvegica D. acuminata D. fortii D. schroederi
  • D. caudata D. tripos D. miles H.megalocopa, H. dolon, H. helenae, H. hippoperoides H. highleyi H. biremis H. crateriformis
  • H. sp.
  • H. isselii H. dentata C. regius C. apsteinii M. skogsbergii P. nasutum P. sp.
  • M. sp.
  • M. sinensis O. oxytoxoides
  • A. schauinslandii A. clavipes A. papaeotheroides A. bidentata A. thrinax

separate, but further data needed separate merge, but further data needed

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Future evolutionary study

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Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Metaphalacroma

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Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Amphisolenia spp.

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Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Chloroplast holding Dinophysis sensu stricto

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Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Ornithocercus 2 Ornithocercus 1

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Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Citharistes

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SLIDE 15

15

Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Histioneis 1 Histioneis 2 Histioneis 3

slide-16
SLIDE 16

16

Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Dinophysis hastata form A & B Dinophysis hastata form C & D

slide-17
SLIDE 17

17

Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 Dinophysis argus MR40.17 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 Citharistes regius MR30.1 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668

100 100 100 98 44 100 59 100 56 100 98 100 100 100 100 99 92 100 47 100 24 26 92 100 93 73 100 97 100 84 100 98 70 53 73 41 94 99 37 25 13 99 34 43 43 91 18 56 100 26 18 54 6 22 96 67 79 59 100 68 55 71 59 42 55 75 81 0.05

Dinophysis sensu lato Oxyphysis and former Phalacroma

slide-18
SLIDE 18

18

(Taylor, 1980) (Abe, 1967) (Hallegraeff et Lucas 1988)

Integrated phylogeny with reference of DNA sequence

slide-19
SLIDE 19

19

Life cycle: unclear

Proposed life cycle of Dinophysis by Regurea (2001)

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Nutrient and difficulty in study on ecophysiology

  • Dinophysis includes

heterotrophic and photosynthetic species, but all feeds on other plankton (ciliate,

  • ther phytoplankton). Only

photosynthetic species (mixotrophic) have been linked to DSP.

  • Culture success with some

Dinophysis

  • Scarcity of sample (most are

unable to culture) is the difficulty for taxonomy, ecology and toxins study

  • D. acutisima
  • D. elongata
slide-21
SLIDE 21

Identified scientific problems/questions/gaps in the region (as well as in the world)

  • Ecology (bloom dynamic)
  • Life cycle
  • Toxin production
  • Roles of suspected species in DSP outbreak
  • Taxonomy at species level and genus level (separation of

species, merging, synonym)