Dinophysis Nguyen Van Nguyen RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MARINE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

WESTPAC workshop on the development of a research strategy for Harmful Algal Blooms “Toward the future development of HAB science in the Western Pacific – What we know, and what we do not know on HABs” Dinophysis Nguyen Van Nguyen RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MARINE FISHERIES, VIETNAM Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 19-21 December 2016

1-1. List of known toxic species (in the world) 1-2. List of toxic species in the region, and distribution Species Distribute in the region Toxins 1 Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 Japan, New-zealand DTX1, PTX2 2 Dinophysis acuta Ehrenberg, 1839 New-zealand OA, DTX1, DTX2, PTX2, PTX11, PTX12 3 Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent, 1881 Widely ditributed OA, DTX1, PTX2 4 Dinophysis fortii Pavillard, 1923 Japan OA, DTX1, PTX2 5 Dinophysis infundibulum J. Schiller, 1928 Japan PTX2 6 Dinophysis miles Cleve, 1900 Tropical waters DTX-1 7 Dinophysis sacculus Stein, 1883 Europe OA 8 Dinophysis tripos Gourret, 1883 Japan DTX1 , PTX2, 9 Dinophysis ovum Schütt, 1895 Europe, US OA 10 Phalacroma mitra F.Schütt, 1895 Tropical DTX1 11 Dinophysis rotundata Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 Worldwide OA, DTXs, PTXs Other more than 200 species Not yet analized There are over 200 species described, with few species appeared in high abundance. So far 11 species are known to produce toxins. The rest are unknown in terms of toxin production due to difficulty in having significant numbers of cell because most of them are scare in density and culturing techniques are unavailable yet.

1-3 Morphological characters for species identification o Conventional classification is based on cell size and shape, structure of sulcal lists and presence of chloroplast. o These parameters, especially cell size and shape, show wide range of variation within certain species, and the range may overlap among species. o Species boundary is not clear. o Classification needs re-evaluation. 3

Polymorphism  More and more evidence of species go on morphological deformation process which distorts cell form and leads to interpretation as different species and make classification of boundaries complicated. Ornithocercus Metadinophysis 4 Histioneis Dinophysis

The need to revise classification of Dinophysis • Genus level: Phalacroma vs Dinophysis • Species level: Separation

Separation of species needed • Difference in DNA sequences usually implicates difference in morphology. • Thus, DNA sequence is an useful criterion. • But this criterion should be applied with caution on the underestimation of the difference. 6

Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.5 68 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.15 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.9 Dinophysis caudata Omura Bay-JP 31.3 At genus level Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.4 81 Dinophysis caudata MR43.5 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.4 75 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.6 Dinophysis caudata Iki Bay-JP Dinophysis caudata MR38.1 Dinophysis caudata Catba-VN 031106.7 79 55 Dinophysis caudata Okirai-JP 211206.33 67 Dinophysis tripos Miyako-JP Dinophysis tripos French AF318238 Dinophysis tripos Okirai-JP Dinophysis miles NT-VN 42 Phalacroma Dinophysis infundibulus s. Abe AB374986 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.4 100 59 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.18 Dinophysis schroederii MR5.4 71 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.19 55 Dinophysis fortii short MR40.5 22 Dinophysis fortii French AF318236 and Dinophysis norvegica Okirai-JP 211206.27 Dinophysis acuminata Tokyo-JP 061106.1 59 Dinophysis acuminata French AF318243 96 Dinophysis hastata f.E 200807.1 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR24.2 100 Dinophysis hastata f.C MR18.1 100 Dinophysis whittingae MR40.14 6 100 Dinophysis sp MR39.1 25 Dinophysis: Dinophysis argus MR40.17 34 Dinophysis expulsa MR10.1 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR17.4 56 53 Dinophysis infudibulus s.Taylor MR20.4 100 Dinophysis similis MR17.5 Citharistes regius MR20.1 84 Citharistes regius MR30.1 100 merge or 18 Citharistes apsteinii 17.1 Ornithocercus heteroporus 41 Ornithocercus galea MR42.5 94 Dinophysis sensu lato Ornithocercus splendidus MR32.4 99 91 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-4 Ornithocercus magnificus MR14-3 73 54 Ornithocercus magnificus MR18-5 70 separate? Dinophysis hastata f.A MR7.2 97 43 Dinophysis hastata f.B MR14.1 100 Dinophysis hastata f.A MR30.9 Ornithocercus thumii MR19.1 Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.6 43 Ornithocercus thumi MR22.1 Ornithocercus thumii MR5.2 99 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR14.2 Ornithocercus thumii MR22.2(2) Ornithocercus quadratus MR7.4 13 Histioneis megalocopa MR40.1 100 100 Histioneis megalocopa MR34.1 Histioneis highleyi 9.1 100 Histionesis isseli MR43.3 26 37 Histionesis sp 40.15 Histioneis dentata MR34.3 18 Histioneis crateriformis MR25.8 98 Histioneis crateriformis MR34.8 100 Dinophysis amandula MR15.1 98 Dinophysis amandula MR5.3 100 Dinophysis parvula MR40.12 73 Dinophysis rapa MR17.11 93 Dinophysis sp MR25.5 99 100 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides EF613359 Dinophysis cuenus MR33.1 92 92 Dinophysis sp1 MR17.9 Dinophysis favus MR20.2 26 Dinophysis doryphora MR17.8 24 Dinophysis rotundata French AF318235 47 Dinophysis rotundata Tokyo-JP 6.11.06.3 100 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.3 Oxyphysis and former Phalacroma 100 Amphisolenia bidentata MR19.4 98 Amphisolenia bidentata MR38.10 Amphisolenia thrinax MR43.1 Amphisolenia palaeotheroides MR32.1 100 Amphisolenia schauinlandii MR38.4 44 Amphisolenia clavispes MR14.6 100 Amphisolenia clavispes MR38.8 100 Metaphalacroma skogsbergii MR31.1 7 Prorocentrum lima DQ336180 56 Heterocapsa triquetra AF260401 59 Alexandrium tamarense AF200668 0.05

O. steinii O. thumii O. skogsbergii O. quadratus O. galea O. splendidus O. heteroporus O. biclavatus O. magnificus O. magnificus D. parvula D. rotundata D. elongata D. amandula D. sp. D. argus D. apicata D. cuneus D. favus D. mitra D. rapa D. hindmarchii D. doryphora D. acutissima D. expulsa D. hastata D. sphaerica D. infundibulus D. norvegica D. acuminata D. fortii D. schroederi D. caudata D. tripos D. miles H.megalocopa, H. dolon, H. helenae, H. hippoperoides H. highleyi H. biremis H. crateriformis H. sp. H. isselii H. dentata C. regius C. apsteinii M. skogsbergii P. nasutum P. sp. separate separate, but further data needed merge, but further data needed M. sp. M. sinensis O. oxytoxoides 8 A. schauinslandii A. clavipes A. papaeotheroides A. bidentata A. thrinax

Future evolutionary study