Digestive disorders of swine dr. Biksi Imre SZIE OTK Belgygyszati - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Digestive disorders of swine dr. Biksi Imre SZIE OTK Belgygyszati - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 13, 2023 11 likes •551 views

Digestive disorders of swine dr. Biksi Imre SZIE OTK Belgygyszati Tanszk s Klinika SZIE OTK Nagyllatklinika 2012 Topics Foreword Diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus Gastric ulcers, gastritis

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Digestive disorders of swine

  • dr. Biksi Imre

SZIE ÁOTK Belgyógyászati Tanszék és Klinika SZIE ÁOTK Nagyállatklinika 2012

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Topics

  • Foreword
  • Diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx

and esophagus

  • Gastric ulcers, gastritis
  • Intestinal malpositions
  • Constipation
  • Enteritis
  • Colitis

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Foreword

  • Swine internal medicine

– Limited possibilities for clinical examination

  • Anatomical, physiological features

– Limited therapeutic possibilities

  • Large scale (industrial) swine farms

– Herd health management

  • Backyard farming

– Financial constraints

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus

  • Vesiculogenic viral diseases

– Foot and mouth disease (FMD), swine vesicular disease (SVD), vesicular exanthema of swine (VES), vesicular stomatitis – rostrum, oral cavity, claws

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FMD

(Soós, 1992)

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus

  • Stomatitis

– Physical – chemical causes

  • heat, acids, bases

– Necrobacillosis

  • Mainly in suckling piglets

– Teeth clipping! – Actinobacillosis – Stachybotryotoxicosis

  • Vesicular to necrotic lesions on the rostrum, in the

mouth, around teets – Exsudative epidermitis

  • Staphylococcus hyicus

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus

  • Tonsillitis

– Pseudorabies – Swine fever – Anthrax – SVD

  • Sialoadenitis

– Vitamin A deficiency – SVD

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus

  • Clinical signs

– salivation, dysphagia – Weight loss. emaciation!!

  • Treatment

– Not feasible in large farms

  • Separate from the group, treat the underlying cause

– Theoretically possible in small units

  • separation, „diet”, treat the underlying cause

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus

  • Pharyngeal pouch impaction,

perforation

– Foreign bodies, iatrogenic

  • perioesophageal phlegmone
  • Esophageal impaction, ~perforation

– feed, bones, foreign bodies

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Pharyngeal pouch perforation

  • Sporadic problem on a large farm
  • Some animals showed weight loss after p. os

antibiotic treatment

  • Individual treatment with a drench gun

– 4/6 animals submitted showed the following on pm exam

  • Fibrinonecrotic inflammation around the upper portion of the esophagus
  • Proliferative to necrotic inflammation around foreign material (amorphous

crystals and plant particles)

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Diseases of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus

  • Oesophageal hyper/parakeratosis

– Vitamin-A deficiency – Zn-deficiency – Gastric acid reflux

  • Oesophagitis

– Gastric acid reflux – Mycotic (Candida sp.) oesophagitis

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Gastric disorders

  • Gastric dilation

– Feed uptake problems – Feeding technology problems

  • Gastric torsion

– sows

  • Changes in feeding regime, excitement
  • Gastric foreign bodies

– outdoor herds: stones – zootrichobezoar

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Gastric disorders

  • Gastric ulcers

– Pars oesophagica ulcer

  • Feed- feeding related problem
  • pH-gradient diminishes between cardia and fundus

– Particle size and ~ distribution » <600-700 µm – Heat damage to pelleted feed components – Vitamin-E, Zn-deficiency – Periods of starving, lack of feed intake » Feed refusal » Systemic disorders » Respiratory problems!! – „stress”

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Gastric disorders

  • Ulceration of the pars oesophagica

– Clinical signs

  • anemia
  • Loss of appetite, teeth grinding
  • Melena, tar like feces
  • Weight loss or sudden death

– arrodation, peritonitis can occur!

  • Regurgitation after feeding (sows)

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Gastric disorders

  • Pars oesophagica ulcer

– treatment

  • Not feasible on large farms
  • Might be attempted in backyard farms or in high

value breeding animals

– Compounds from human medicine usually do not work effectively » H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidin, ranitidin) » Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazol) » prostaglandin-E » kaolin, pectin, sucralfate » „U-vitamin”, metil-metionin

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Gastric disorders

  • Gastric ulcers

– Ulcers of other location

  • Part of a systemic infection

– salmonellosis, erysipelas, Streptococcus-septicemia

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Gastric disorders

  • Gastritis

– Chemical, physical causes

  • Irritating substances, foreign bodies – backyard!

– uremia – Infectious diseases

  • TGE
  • salmonellosis
  • Mycotic gastritis
  • Swine fever, Köves-disease
  • (edema disease)
  • Parasitic infections (Hyostrongylus rubidus)

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Gastric disorders

  • Clinical signs

– vomiting – Loss of appetite, weight loss – + signs of underlying disorders

  • Therapy

– Therapy of underlying disorder if possible – diet

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Intestinal malpositions

  • Torsion

– Abnormal peristaltics, content

  • Abnormal fermentation in the large intestine
  • Haemorrhagic bowel syndrome

– Sudden or unusual movements – Abnormal ligaments, adhesions

  • Chronic peritonitis
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Intestinal malpositions

  • Rectal prolapse

– Genetic predisposition – Increased motility

  • enteritis, colitis

– Zearalenon mycotoxicosis – Increased abdominal pressure

  • Coughing (pneumonia)
  • „piling up”
  • Urolithiasis in males

– Consequences

  • Bleeding out, cannibalism, rectal stricture
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Rectal prolapse, sertés

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Intestinal malpositions

  • Hernias

– Umbilical~

  • Connected with omphalitis

– Inguinal~ – Perineal~

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Umbilical hernia

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Perineal hernia

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Ileus

  • Developmental anomalies
  • Stricture
  • Impaction
  • Compression
  • Paralytic ileus

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Ileus

  • Atresia

– atresia ani and/or – atresia recti

  • Segmental agenesia
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Bélelzáródás (ileus)

  • Szűkület

– veleszületett – szerzett

  • részleges vagy teljes
  • tályog, haematoma, daganat, hegképződés

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Intestinal distention

  • Primary megalocolon

– Lack of plexus myentericus (Auerbach)

  • Hirschsprung-kór
  • Secondary megalocolon

– Chronic proctitis – Chronic peritonitis, adhesions – Healing rectal prolapse

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Megalocolon, atresia coli

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Enteritis

  • Nomenclature by location

– Enteritis

  • duodenitis, jejunitis, ileitis

– Colitis – Enterocolitis – Typhlitis – Proctitis

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Enteritis

  • Causes

– External causes

  • bad feed composition, plant toxins, mycotoxins,

irritating substances, drugs, live agents, foreign bodies

– Internal causes

  • abnormal dentition, waste products from constipated

content, metabolic disturbances, imbalance of the gut flora

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Enteritis

  • Primary – secondary enteritis
  • Forms

– Acute or chronic catarrhal enteritis/colitis – Haemorrhagic enteritis/colitis – Pseudomembranaceous enteritis/colitis

  • Crupous – diphtheric

– Necrotic enteritis/colitis – (Purulent enteritis/colitis) – Proliferative enteritis/colitis

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Diarrhea

  • Secretory
  • Enterotoxaemias
  • E. coli, Clostridia
  • Viral enteritides

Coronavirus, Rotavirus

  • Osmotic
  • Exsudative diseases

– Bacterial enteritides – Viral enteritides – Idiopathic conditions

  • Altered motility
  • Malabsorption
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Osmotic diarrhea

  • Antacids
  • Generalized malabsorption
  • Viral damage to intestinal

epithelium

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parvovirus coronavirus rotavirus

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  • Fecal consistency
  • Loose
  • Constipation
  • With digested blood (black)
  • With fresh blood
  • Mucoid
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