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Di r e c t Di r e c t c c i i Pr Pr W ( p) Ol d - - PDF document

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I T a nd Publ i c Pol i c y Oc t . 21, 2004 I nt r oduc t i on M ot i va t i ng Exa m pl e s : TCP/ I P & Be r ke l ey Uni x GSM The W e b The Br ows e r W a r s e t c . , e t c

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SLIDE 1

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1

St e phe n M . M a ur e r Gol dm a n Sc hool

  • f

Publ i c Pol i c y I T a nd Publ i c Pol i c y – Oc t . 21, 2004

2

M ot i va t i ng Exa m pl e s : TCP/ I P & Be r ke l ey Uni x GSM The W e b The Br

  • ws

e r W a r s e t c . , e t c . , e t c …

I nt r

  • duc

t i

  • n

3

Ol d Ec

  • nom yExt

e r na l i t i e s

Pol l ut i

  • n

( Ne ga t i ve ) Fl

  • we

r Ga r de ns ( Pos i t i ve )

Ne t wor k Ext e r na l i t i e s “

I Ca r e I f You Us e I t ” How Bi g Shoul d t he Ne t wor k Be ? La wyer s & W or dPe r f e c t . . .

I nt r

  • duc

t i

  • n

4

1. Di r e c tNe t wor k Ext e r na l i t i e s

M S W or d

  • 2. I

ndi r e c tNe t wor k Ext e r na l i t i e s

Ope r a t i ng Sys t em s & Gam es

  • 3. Phys

i c a lNe t wor k Ext e r na l i t i e s

I nt e r net & Tel e phone s

I nt r

  • duc

t i

  • n

5

W ( p) Pr i c e Us e r s

Ol d Ec

  • nom y

Di r e c t

S( p)

D = w( p)

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W ( p) Pr i c e Us e r s

Ol d Ec

  • nom y

Di r e c t

W ’ ( p) S( p)

Shi f t i ng Dem a nd

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SLIDE 2

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7

Ne w Ec

  • nom y

“ ICa r e i f YouUs e I t ” D = w( p, n) M ul t i pl e De m a nd Cur ve s I m pl i c a t i

  • ns

f

  • r

Ef f i c i e ncy

Di r e c t

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W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s

De m a nd

Di r e c t

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W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s

Com pe t i t i

  • n

Not e s :

  • Se

l f

  • Cons

i s t e ncy

  • M ul

t i pl e Equi l i br i a

P = M C n1 n2 n3

Di r e c t

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W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s n1 n2 n3

M onopol y

M C

Di r e c t

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W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s n1 n2 n3

M onopol y

M C

Di r e c t

12

W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s n1 n2 n3

M onopol y

M C

Di r e c t

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SLIDE 3

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Ta c t i c s Us e r Ne t wor ks Pe ne t r a t i

  • n

Pr i c i ng Cons um e r s Expe c t a t i

  • ns

Hype Va por wa r e At t a c k Ads

Di r e c t

14

Ta c t i c s Com m i t m e nt St r a t e gi e s

Se c

  • nd

Sour c e s

I nt e l , I BM PC

Re nounc i ng M onopol y

Ne t s c a pe Na vi ga t

  • r

I nve s t m e nt s & Al l i a nc e s

The PC

Re put a t i

  • n

Di r e c t

15

Ti ppi ng

Di r e c t

Ne t wor k Ef f e c t s

The Be s t Pr

  • duc

t Doe s n’ t Al ways W i n! VHS vs . Be t a

R& D Ef f e c t s

Appr

  • pr

i a bi l i t y I ncr e a s e d Dem a nd

16

Ti ppi ng

Di r e c t

17

Ef f i c i e ncy St a t i c Ef f i c i e ncy

The Ol d Ec

  • nom y

Ans we r How Bi g Shoul d The Ne t wor k Be ? W hi c h I ns t i t ut i

  • n

Com e s Cl

  • s

e s t ?

Dynam i c Ef f i c i e ncy

Loc k- I n vs . St r a ndi ng

Di r e c t

18

W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s n1 n2 n3

Ef f i c i e ncy

M C

Di r e c t

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SLIDE 4

4

19

W ( p, n1) W ( p, n2) W ( p, n3) Pr i c e Us e r s n1 n2 n3

Ef f i c i e ncy

M C

Di r e c t

20

Ef f i c i e ncy M onopol y v s .Com pe t i t i

  • n

Ne t wor k Ext er na l i t i e s Pr i c e & DW L Va r i e t y Ec

  • nom i

e s

  • f

Sca l e & Dupl i c a t e d R& D

I s The Com pe t i t i ve Sol ut i

  • n

I de a l ?

Di r e c t

21

Ef f i c i e ncy St r a ndi ng vs . Loc k- I n

Swi t c hi ng Cos t s Coor di na t i

  • n

Pr

  • bl

em s Aggr e s s i ve Pr i c i ng Be t a vs . Lea de d Ga s

  • l

i ne

Di r e c t

22

Ef f i c i e ncy Ope n St a nda r ds

“Look a nd Fe el ”

Ex Ant e vs . Ex Pos t Ef f i c i e nc y

How Bi g Doe s Π Ha ve t

  • Be

? Ha ppy Ac c i de nt s

Di r e c t

23

Cons um e r s Ca r e About Suppl y

  • f

a Com pl e m e nt a r y Good Pl a t f

  • r

m s & Appl i c a t i

  • ns

Ope r a t i ng Sys t em s a nd Sof t wa r e Cons

  • l

e s a nd Gam e s DVDs a nd M ovi e s

I ndi r e c t

24

M or e Pl at f

  • r

m s M or e Appl i c at i

  • ns

M or e Cons um e r s M or e Pl at f

  • r

m s

I ndi r e c t

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SLIDE 5

5

25

I ndi r e c t

Cl

  • s

e d St a nda r ds

Exc l us i ve Li ce ns e s

  • Ga

m e s

Ope n St a nda r ds

Re duc i ng The Pl a t f

  • r

m ’ s Powe r

Shoul d W e Pr

  • t

e c t I nt e r f a c e s ?

Ha ppy Ac c i de nt s

I nt e r

  • pe

r a bi l i t y

26

Phys i c a l

Na t ur a l M onopol i e s

Hydr

  • e

l e c t i c Dam s M a r gi nal Cos t Com pet i t i

  • ns

Conge s t i

  • n

27

Phys i c a l Ne t wor ks

I nt e r net , Te l e phones Com pet i t i

  • n

Conge s t i

  • n

Ope ni ng The Ne t wor k

The La s t M i l e

Phys i c a l

28

St e phe n M . M a ur e r Gol dm a n Sc hool

  • f

Publ i c Pol i c y I T a nd Publ i c Pol i c y – Oc t . 21, 2004