Development of the Stirling AIP system Daniel Nilsson, Senior - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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development of the stirling aip system
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Development of the Stirling AIP system Daniel Nilsson, Senior - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 16, 2023 371 likes •786 views

This document and the information contained herein is the property of Saab AB and must not be used, disclosed or altered without Saab AB prior written consent. Development of the Stirling AIP system Daniel Nilsson, Senior Development Engineer

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This document and the information contained herein is the property of Saab AB and must not be used, disclosed or altered without Saab AB prior written consent.

Development of the Stirling AIP system

Daniel Nilsson, Senior Development Engineer

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Stirling AIP system explained

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Area of interest Transit area Stealth=Battery+AIP Safe area Diesel engine usage Battery=Days AIP=Weeks

Why AIP?

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Stirling AIP system explained

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Stirling AIP is a part of the Energy system The battery of the submarine is the center of the energy system Energy supply Diesel engine Land connection Stirling engine Energy usage Propulsion & maneuvering Sonar & weapons Auxiliaries

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Stirling AIP system explained

System layout

Cycle gas Purge gas Consumables

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Stirling AIP system explained

Stirling AIP usage

  • Charging of batteries
  • Diesel engines
  • Grid connection in harbour
  • Stirling AIP
  • Low power, high energy density
  • Maintain battery capacity

=>Always ready for a sprint

Diesel module, transit and charging

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Stirling engine development

Since antiquity knowledge about substances such as air and water and the affection by heat is documented. Early ideas of useful internal combustion engines and heat engines was both in the 17th century Internal combustion engine consists mainly of Diesel and Otto engine today Torque is created to the crankshaft by the combustion inside the cylinders

Combustion generated torque Christian Huygens explosion engine 1673 Aeolipile ”hero’s engine”

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Stirling engine development

TH TC Q

H

Q

C

W

Heat engine principle A heat engine converts a part of a energy flow into mechanical work

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Stirling engine development

Understanding the behaviour of gases Around 1650 the correlation between pressure, volume and temperature was noticed

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Stirling engine development

1816 Robert Stirling introduced a “heat economizer” to create a regenerative heat engine – a Stirling engine

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Stirling engine development

Thermodynamics Sadi Carnot 1796-1832 Derived early theoretical models of heat engines and therefore a founder of modern thermodynamics. Carnot efficiency - thermal efficiency

𝜃𝐷𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑝𝑢 = 1 − 𝑈𝑀 𝑈𝐼 = 𝜃𝑢ℎ𝑓𝑠𝑛𝑏𝑚

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Stirling engine development

Development of modern engines The development of more useful Stirling engines was initiated by Philips in the Netherlands in 1938

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Stirling engine development

Development of larger engines

  • Beta type of Stirling engines
  • Aim was a 200 horsepower engine for

busses, construction equipment and submarines

  • Philips design, 4-235, with high engine

pressure and speed.

  • United Stirling design ,4-615, with

lower engine pressure and speed. Intended service interval of 10 000 hours.

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Stirling engine development

Development of smaller engines of double acting alfa type

  • Ford Pinto with the Stirling engine V4X31 (to the right)
  • Ford Taunus with the Stirling engine V4X35 (to the left)
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Stirling engine development

The project ASE (Automotive Stirling Engine) started 1978.

  • ASE was a 10 year long cooperation

between Mechanical Technology Inc.(MTI) Latham NY, NASA-Cleveland and United Stirling Sweden.

  • The funder of the project was U.S.

Department of Energy

  • About 125 million USD (1978) was

invested in the project.

  • The first part of the project was to install a

P40 Stirling engine in a Opel Rekord

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Stirling engine development

Concentrated solar power

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Stirling engine development

The many years of Stirling engine development was transferred to the submarine technology

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Stirling engine charateristics

Signatures

  • Well balanced, low mechanical signatures
  • Sinusoidal like pressure variation
  • Exhaust cooled in Stirling module
  • Exhausts consist of water and carbon

dioxide

  • Directly connected to generator
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Stirling AIP development

The MkIII Stirling module

  • Engine and auxiliaries installed in a insulated

module

  • Fire safety and protection
  • Air borne noise reduction
  • EMC reduction
  • Controlled environment
  • Resilient mounting for improved shock

resistance and reduced vibrations

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Stirling AIP development

  • The V4-275R MkI engine was

developed in the 80´s

  • 1984 Test section for Stirling AIP
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Stirling AIP development

  • 1987: SAGA research submarine

(Comex) was operated with two Stirling engines supplied by Kockums

  • 1988: HMS Näcken fitted with two

Stirling engines supplied by Kockums as a retrofit

  • Successful trials
  • Operational 1989
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Stirling AIP development

  • HMS Gotland
  • 1995: The world's first naval submarine with Stirling AIP integrated

as new built

  • Stirling AIP as a retrofit
  • 2001: Japan, Kawasaki Heavy Industries made a Stirling AIP

retrofit of the Japanese submarine Asashio

  • 2003-2004: Two submarines in Swedish Västergötland-class was

equipped with Stirling AIP

  • 2005: The last two Submarines in the Västergötland-class was

modified with Stirling AIP. Deployed in Singapore

  • 2005-> Japan continues with Stirling AIP in the Soryu class submarine.

AIP system included from the beginning

  • 2007 Japan starts domestic manufacturing of Stirling engines under

license from Kockums

  • 2010: New generation of the Stirling AIP system developed for A26 and

Gotland class mid life upgrade

Gotland Class Stirling AIP upgrade of Västergötland class submarine with an ”plug –in” section

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Stirling AIP development

Kockums Stirling AIP Test Section HMS Näcken Refit Mk I Mk II Mk III Mk IV Kockums Gotland Class Kockums Södermanland Class Kockums Archer Class Kockums A26

1980 1990 2000 2010

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Stirling AIP development

Size reduction of Stirling modules

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Stirling AIP development

  • Size reduction
  • Heat recovery

system

  • Permanent

magnet generator

  • Upgrades of

auxiliaries

  • New control

system

PEM-generator Higher efficiency, smaller unit Heat recovery total efficiency >40% Improved exhaust system enables deeper diving New control system

Stirling AIP Module

fuel and lox calibration

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Stirling AIP development

  • Exhaust heat recovery
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Stirling AIP development

  • Why exhaust heat recovery
  • Every engine produces up to 30 kW of high quality heat
  • High quality heat could be retrieved and could for instance

be used for

  • Air revitalization (explained in session: New

regenerative air purification system for Swedish AIP submarines)

  • Heating of Submarine
  • Absorption cooling
  • Increase of overall efficiency
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Stirling AIP development

Basic solution of the Stirling AIP system Use pure oxygen instead of air!

  • Use of pure oxygen efficient way to store the oxidizer for combustion
  • The oxygen is also be needed for the crew
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Stirling AIP development

Pure oxygen in liquid form LOX=Liquid OXygen

  • Strong oxidizer but non-flammable
  • Nontoxic
  • Density similar to water- Gaseous oxygen more than 700 times

bigger

  • Temperature is pressure dependant
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Stirling AIP development

Liquid oxygen-usage

  • In the chemical and petroleum industries
  • Metal industries in conjunction with acetylene and other fuel

gases for metal cutting, welding, scarfing, hardening, cleaning and melting.

  • The pulp and paper industry uses oxygen as a bleaching and
  • xidizing agent
  • Hospitals
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Stirling AIP development

Exhausts

Condensed water Cold CO2

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Stirling AIP development

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Stirling AIP logistics

Tactical logistics

  • Replenishment
  • Preventive and

corrective maintenance at sea

  • Maintainable by crew
  • Stirling engine fit

through the hatch

  • Engine replacement in

24 hours

Replenishment at sea

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Stirling AIP logistics

  • Tactical logistics
  • Multi fuel capacity
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Stirling AIP logistics

  • Tactical logistics
  • Multi fuel capacity
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Stirling AIP logistics

Supply of spare parts using AM (Additive Manufacturing)

  • Ongoing research and development using AM
  • AM is suitable for Stirling engine components
  • AM has the potential to decrease production time from

months to weeks

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Stirling AIP logistics

Results of AM R&D

  • AM has been successfully verified to work as a

production method for the gas cooler

  • AM project is ongoing for production of heater and

regenerator

  • AM has the potential to improve function and

performance of components and the overall system

  • AM is decided to be a new production method

Thermocouple holder –now produced by Additive manufacturing

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Thank you! Questions?