Determining dark matter content of Milky Way satellite galaxies - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Determining dark matter content of Milky Way satellite galaxies - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Determining dark matter content of Milky Way satellite galaxies with current and future facilities Mei-Yu Wang Carnegie Mellon University Conference on Shedding Light on the Dark Universe with Extremely Large Telescopes, Trieste, July 5th,


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Determining dark matter content of Milky Way satellite galaxies with current and future facilities

Mei-Yu Wang Carnegie Mellon University

Conference on Shedding Light on the Dark Universe with Extremely Large Telescopes, Trieste, July 5th, 2018

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SLIDE 2

Discoveries of Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies

Drlica-Wagner et al., the DES collaboration (2015)

Plot credit: Keith Bechtol

  • SDSS : ~20
  • DES : >16 (~5 confirmed)
  • Pan-STARRS : 3 (2

confirmed)

  • MagLiteS, SMASH, Gaia,

HSC…

  • LSST : >100 candidates
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SLIDE 3

Probing lower surface brightness limits

Cetus III (Mv = -2.4, D= 251 kpc)

Homma+(2017) Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)

  • HSC, LSST => More intrinsically

faint, low velocity dispersion (~3-5 km/s or less) and distance objects

  • ELTs can provide efficient

spectroscopic follow-up measurements

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SLIDE 4

A few examples of what we can learn from dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies

  • Probing small-scale structure formation : missing

satellite problem, core/cusp problem, too-big-to-fail problem

  • Galaxy formation efficiency at low mass end :

reionization, SN/stellar feedback, environmental effects

  • Dark matter model constraints:

– WIMP paradigm : indirect detection of gamma-ray from DM annihilation/decay (Fermi, HAWC, CTA…) – Non-CDM models : WDM, Fuzzy DM, Self-interacting DM …

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SLIDE 5

WIMP DM annihilation cross section limits from Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxies

Ackermann et al., the Fermi-LAT collaboration (2015)

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SLIDE 6

Effects of “J-factor” uncertainties on DM cross section limits

Albert et al. (2017) the Fermi-LAT collaboration

“J-factor”:

Annihilation cross section Dark matter particle mass Derived using Jeans equation from stellar kinematic measurements

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Follow-up strategies and science cases

  • Go deeper with known dwarf galaxies that

already have spectroscopic measurement

⇒ Improving precision on J-factor (e.g. down to 0.3 dex) ⇒ Cannot solve the core/cusp problem (due to mass-anisotropy degeneracy) => will need proper motion

  • Following up on new candidates:

=> Solving missing satellite problems and probing galaxy formation

efficiency at the low mass end

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Simulating dSph stellar kinematic measurements

  • Python package “dsphsim” : Constructing mock data that simulate

spectroscopic observation of dSphs and determining how measurements of velocity dispersion and J-factor depend on exposure time for different spectrographs

  • Including:

– populating stellar luminosity function using ishochron models – Stellar kinematic modeling – Exposure time calculator for several current instruments. – Predictions for future instruments

  • n ELTs

MYW, Drlica-Wagner, Li, Strigari (2018), in preparation

DEIMOS spectrograph

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SLIDE 9

Current and future spectroscopic follow-up facilities

Keck Magellan GMT VLT

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Improving precision of J-factor for Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxies

10 min (x4) 25 min (x4)

  • Typical nearby UF angular size ~ 20 arcmin diameter (2 x h_r) with intrinsic

velocity dispersion ~ 3-5 km/s

  • Will require multiple tiling for using ELT instruments
  • Assuming high multiplexing (> 300)

Simon+(2015) Walker+(2015)

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SLIDE 11

Constructing DM velocity distribution in dSphs

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Vmax[km/s]

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

rmax[kpc]

4 . 6.0 8.0 1 . 12.0

Reticulum II

10 15 20 25 30 35

Vmax[km/s]

1 2 3 4

rmax[kpc]

.0 4.0 6.0 8 . 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0

Segue 1 MYW, Cherry, Strigari and Horiuchi (2018)

DM velocity distribution function (or DM velocity dispersion) Assuming NFW profile N-body simulation Stellar kinematics

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Sommerfeld-enhanced J-factor for Milky Way satellite galaxies

Boddy, Kumar, Strigari, MYW (2017)

Velocity-dependent cross section DM velocity distribution f(v)

Interaction between DM described by a Yukawa potential Sommerfeld enhancement factor

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SLIDE 13

10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 100 101 102

✏φ

1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024

JS [GeV2/cm5]

Reticulum II

10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 100 101 102

✏φ

Coma Berenices

10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 100 101 102

✏φ

Segue 1

10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 100 101 102

✏φ

1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024

JS [GeV2/cm5]

Draco

10−5 10−4 10−3 10−2 10−1 100 101 102

✏φ

Ursa Minor

Sommerfeld-enhancement can change the

  • rder of J-factor among satellite galaxies

Non-enhanced limit Coulomb-like potential

Albert et al. (2017)

Boddy, Kumar, Strigari, MYW (2017)

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SLIDE 14

Resonantly produced sterile neutrino mass bound from satellite phase space density

Coarse-grained phase-space density Fine-grained phase-space density 100 101 mµs [keV] 10−13 10−12 10−11 10−10 10−9 10−8 10−7 sin22θV

Non − Resonant L6 ≥ 2500

X − ray

Combined dSph limit Segue 1 Draco II Cetus II (Forecast) Tucana V (Forecast)

Liouville’s theorem: For dissipationless and collisionless particles, the phase-space density cannot increase =>

MYW, Cherry, Strigari and Horiuchi (2018)

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Summary

  • As new dwarf satellite galaxies continue to be discovered by current

surveys and in the near future, LSST, Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxies will continue to provide powerful constraints on DM models and galaxy formation physics.

  • Indirect detection limits from dSphs on WIMP DM paradigm can be

greatly improved if precise stellar kinematic measurements can be carried

  • ut by ELTs.
  • Precise stellar kinematic measurements can also help to pin down DM

velocity distribution and therefore provide useful constraints on several DM models.