SNAME Philadelphia Section Meeting May 2013 y USA (originally presented at MTU Naval Symposium, September 2011, GERMANY) DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS FOR DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS FOR FOR FOR RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS
Author : Author : Author : Author : • Author • Author • Author • Author Brant R. Savander, Ph.D., P.E. Principal Research Scientist p S Maritime Research Associates, LLC Ann Arbor, MI USA
Acknowledgements : Acknowledgements : • Acknowledgements • Acknowledgements Bernard F. Bentgen, P.E. Director of Marine Sales Director of Marine Sales Tognum America, Inc. Detroit, MI USA
Acknowledgements : Acknowledgements : • Acknowledgements • Acknowledgements Stan Heide Kevin D. Herman President President Director of Engineering Director of Engineering Michigan Wheel Marine Michigan Wheel Marine Grand Rapids, MI Grand Rapids, MI USA USA USA USA
Acknowledgements : Acknowledgements : • Acknowledgements • Acknowledgements Greg Lee Tim Keyser Naval Architect Naval Architect Naval Architect Naval Architect USACE - MDC USACE - MDC Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA USA USA USA USA
Overview MOTIVATION, METHODS, & MOTIVATION, METHODS, & MOTIVATION, METHODS, & MOTIVATION, METHODS, & , , , , , , , , APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Motivation: Motivation: Given Power Given Power Maximize Speed Maximize Speed Minimize Power Minimize Power & Given Speed Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Mi i i Minimize Noise, N i At All Times Vibration, & Erosive C Cavitation i i
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Benefits: Benefits: FUEL SAVINGS Realize a decrease in fuel cost over life of FUEL SAVINGS: Realize a decrease in fuel cost over life of vessel. Less power and fuel required at given speed. MORE POWER IN THE WATER: Less efficient system, by comparison, would need more power or a different engine . RISK MANAGEMENT: Comprehensive engineering approach minimizes risk of poor performance. minimizes risk of poor performance.
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Modern Design & Analysis Methods: g y Computations Computations Model Tests Experience
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Numerical Methods for Design & Analysis g y 1) Hull Characteristic 2) Propeller Characteristic Specify Speed, V s Resistance Speed K t , R t K q , (KN) eta Match Hull – Propeller V s (kts) J 3) Engine Characteristic Thrust & PRPM Propeller Torque Propeller Power, bKW P d Match Hull – Propeller - Engine Match Hull Propeller - Engine ERPM
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Towing Tank: Resistance & Propulsion g p
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Depressurized Towing Tank: Propulsion Depressurized Towing Tank: Propulsion
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Numerical Methods for Design & Analysis g y Level 1: Lifting Line & 2-D Foil Theory Lifting Line Theory w/ Skew and Rake 2D Cavitating and Fully Wetted Foil Theory Ref: MIT/UT/UM (Kerwin, Kinnas, Vorus) Level 2: Lifting Surface Design g g MPUF Results Cavitation Geometry Project: Jarrett Bay 70 Diameter: 36.0 in. z / R 1.0 Pitch: 52.73 in. Pitch: 52.73 in. EAR: 0.899 0.9 Skew: 30.0 deg. Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) Engine Rating: 2400 hp at 2450 rpm 0.8 Gear Reduction: 1.75 V s : 51.0 knots 0.7 0.6 Boundary Element Method (BEM) 0.5 0.4 0.3 High L/D Subcavitating Sections: Eppler, Shen. 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 y / R High L/D Cavitating Sections: Tulin, Morgan, Custom Michigan Wheel Engineering MPUF Results Cavity Volume MIT – UT – USN – Industry Consortium 0.05 0.04 0.03 MWM member from 1992 to 2003. Cav. Vol./ R 3 Z 0.02 Y 0.01 X Several references under Kerwin & Kinnas. 0 -180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Angular Position (deg) Michigan Wheel Engineering Michigan Wheel Engineering All MWM Custom Designs through Level 1 and 2. Level 3: CFD Viscous Flow Solvers RANS: Fully Wetted Axi-symmetric Inflow. RANS: Full Cavitation, General Inflow RANS: Behind Condition Propulsion Test
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Wake Aligned History: The Contra-Rudder Wake Aligned History: The Contra Rudder Saunders, H.E. (1957) Hydrodynamics in Ship Design Vol 1 Ch 37 16 pp in Ship Design. Vol. 1., Ch. 37.16, pp. 582-584. SNAME Transactions. New York, USA. “… involves an appreciable twist in the rudder elements, …”
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • History: Wake Aligned Design y g g Overgaard, O. (1925) “ Combined Streamline Rudder and Guide Vanes Streamline Rudder and Guide Vanes. Latest Development of Contrapropellers. ” SNAME Transactions, New York, USA. Transactions, New York, USA. Chief Engineer: The Goldschmidt Corp. Model Testing: Hamburg Model Basin. Historically well recognized physics. Appendages now designed using modern methods.
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Overview of Recent Applications pp Item Westport Swiftships Trinity PB -General GRC GRC Iraqi PB Iraqi PB Offshore PB Offshore PB LOA (m): 43.4 35.1 51.0 46.8 B (m): 7.3 6.8 8.3 7.3 Mass (t): ( ) 220 135 372 350 Vs_max (kts): 32.6 33.5 29.7 28.2 Propulsion 16V4000 16V2000 20V4000 20V4000 (NVR) Pb (KW): 2880 1940 4300 3800 Max. ERPM: 2050 2450 2100 2100 Gear Ratio: 2.96 3.48 4.07 4.39 Propeller (mm): 1499 x 1708 1270 x 1613 1930 x 2035 1800 x 2538 Blade No. 5 6 6 5 EAR: 0.96 1.20 1.14 0.87 Struts: V – Wake Adpt. I - Standard V – Wake Adpt. I-Keel Rudders: R dd W k Ad Wake Adpt. Standard S d d W k Ad Wake Adpt. S Standard d d
43m Patrol Boat WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE CUTTER (GRC) CUTTER (GRC) CUTTER (GRC) CUTTER (GRC)
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Westport GRC Westport GRC Item Westport GRC LOA ( ) LOA (m): 43 4 43.4 B (m): 7.3 Mass (t): 220 Vs_max (kts): Vs max (kts): 32 6 32.6 Propulsion 16V4000 Pb (KW): 2880 Max. ERPM: 2050 Gear Ratio: 2.96 Propeller 1499 x 1708 (mm): Blade No. 5 EAR: 0.96 Struts: V – Wake Adpt. Rudders Rudders: Wake Adpt Wake Adpt.
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: SHP Computation g y y p
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: SHP Computation g y y p
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: SHP Computation g y y p
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: Iteration-1 g y y
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: Final Geometry g y y y
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: Iteration-1 g y y
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: Final Geometry g y y y
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: Iteration-1 g y y
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Design by Analysis: Final Geometry g y y y
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Wake Adapted V-Struts p
Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure • Westport GRC p
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