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SNAME Philadelphia Section Meeting May 2013 y USA (originally presented at MTU Naval Symposium, September 2011, GERMANY) DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS FOR DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS DESIGN & ANALYSIS

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SLIDE 1

SNAME Philadelphia Section Meeting

May 2013

DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS FOR FOR DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS DESIGN & ANALYSIS METHODS FOR FOR

y USA (originally presented at MTU Naval Symposium, September 2011, GERMANY)

RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS RESISTANCE & PROPULSION SYSTEMS

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SLIDE 2
  • Author

Author:

  • Author

Author:

  • Author

Author:

  • Author

Author:

Brant R. Savander, Ph.D., P.E.

Principal Research Scientist p S Maritime Research Associates, LLC Ann Arbor, MI USA

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SLIDE 3
  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

Bernard F. Bentgen, P.E.

Director of Marine Sales Director of Marine Sales Tognum America, Inc. Detroit, MI USA

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SLIDE 4
  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

Kevin D. Herman

Director of Engineering

Stan Heide

President Director of Engineering Michigan Wheel Marine Grand Rapids, MI USA President Michigan Wheel Marine Grand Rapids, MI USA USA USA

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SLIDE 5
  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

Tim Keyser

Naval Architect

Greg Lee

Naval Architect Naval Architect USACE - MDC Philadelphia, PA USA Naval Architect USACE - MDC Philadelphia, PA USA USA USA

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SLIDE 6

MOTIVATION, METHODS, & MOTIVATION, METHODS, & MOTIVATION, METHODS, & MOTIVATION, METHODS, &

Overview

, , , , APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS , , , , APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS

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SLIDE 7

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Motivation:

Motivation:

Given Power Maximize Speed Given Power Maximize Speed Minimize Power Given Speed Minimize Power & Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Mi i i N i At All Times Minimize Noise, Vibration, & Erosive C i i Cavitation

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SLIDE 8

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Benefits:

Benefits:

FUEL SAVINGS Realize a decrease in fuel cost over life of FUEL SAVINGS: Realize a decrease in fuel cost over life of

  • vessel. Less power and fuel required at given speed.

MORE POWER IN THE WATER: Less efficient system, by comparison, would need more power or a different engine. RISK MANAGEMENT: Comprehensive engineering approach minimizes risk of poor performance. minimizes risk of poor performance.

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SLIDE 9

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Modern Design & Analysis Methods:

g y

Computations Computations Model Tests Experience

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SLIDE 10

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Numerical Methods for Design & Analysis

g y

1) Hull Characteristic 2) Propeller Characteristic

Rt

Kt,

Specify Speed, Vs

  • Resistance
  • Speed

(KN)

Kq, eta

Match Hull – Propeller

Vs (kts)

J

  • Thrust & PRPM
  • 3) Engine Characteristic
  • Propeller Torque
  • Propeller Power,

Pd bKW Match Hull – Propeller - Engine ERPM Match Hull Propeller - Engine

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SLIDE 11

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Towing Tank: Resistance & Propulsion

g p

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SLIDE 12

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Depressurized Towing Tank: Propulsion

Depressurized Towing Tank: Propulsion

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SLIDE 13

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Numerical Methods for Design & Analysis

g y

 Level 1: Lifting Line & 2-D Foil Theory

 Lifting Line Theory w/ Skew and Rake

Project: Jarrett Bay 70 Diameter: 36.0 in. Pitch: 52.73 in. 1.0 Cavitation Geometry z / R MPUF Results

 2D Cavitating and Fully Wetted Foil Theory  Ref: MIT/UT/UM (Kerwin, Kinnas, Vorus)

 Level 2: Lifting Surface Design

Pitch: 52.73 in. EAR: 0.899 Skew: 30.0 deg. Engine Rating: 2400 hp at 2450 rpm Gear Reduction: 1.75 Vs: 51.0 knots
  • 0.5
  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 y / R Michigan Wheel Engineering Cavity Volume MPUF Results

g g

 Vortex Lattice Method (VLM)  Boundary Element Method (BEM)  High L/D Subcavitating Sections: Eppler, Shen.  High L/D Cavitating Sections: Tulin, Morgan, Custom

X Y Z Michigan Wheel Engineering
  • 180
  • 150
  • 120
  • 90
  • 60
  • 30
30 60 90 120 150 180 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Angular Position (deg)
  • Cav. Vol./ R
3 Michigan Wheel Engineering

 MIT – UT – USN – Industry Consortium  MWM member from 1992 to 2003.  Several references under Kerwin & Kinnas.  All MWM Custom Designs through Level 1 and 2.

 Level 3: CFD Viscous Flow Solvers

 RANS: Fully Wetted Axi-symmetric Inflow.  RANS: Full Cavitation, General Inflow  RANS: Behind Condition Propulsion Test

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SLIDE 14

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Wake Aligned History: The Contra-Rudder

Wake Aligned History: The Contra Rudder

Saunders, H.E. (1957) Hydrodynamics in Ship Design Vol 1 Ch 37 16 pp in Ship Design. Vol. 1., Ch. 37.16, pp. 582-584. SNAME Transactions. New York, USA. “… involves an appreciable twist in the rudder elements, …”

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • History: Wake Aligned Design

y g g

Overgaard, O. (1925) “Combined Streamline Rudder and Guide Vanes Streamline Rudder and Guide Vanes. Latest Development of Contrapropellers.” SNAME Transactions, New York, USA. Transactions, New York, USA. Chief Engineer: The Goldschmidt Corp. Model Testing: Hamburg Model Basin. Historically well recognized physics. Appendages now designed using modern methods.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Overview of Recent Applications

pp

Item Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity Offshore PB PB -General GRC Iraqi PB Offshore PB

LOA (m): 43.4 35.1 51.0 46.8 B (m): 7.3 6.8 8.3 7.3 Mass (t): 220 135 372 350 ( ) Vs_max (kts): 32.6 33.5 29.7 28.2 Propulsion 16V4000 16V2000 20V4000 20V4000 (NVR) Pb (KW): 2880 1940 4300 3800

  • Max. ERPM:

2050 2450 2100 2100 Gear Ratio: 2.96 3.48 4.07 4.39 Propeller (mm): 1499 x 1708 1270 x 1613 1930 x 2035 1800 x 2538 Blade No. 5 6 6 5 EAR: 0.96 1.20 1.14 0.87 Struts: V – Wake Adpt. I - Standard V – Wake Adpt. I-Keel R dd W k Ad S d d W k Ad S d d Rudders: Wake Adpt. Standard Wake Adpt. Standard

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SLIDE 17

WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE WESTPORT GLOBAL RESPONSE

43m Patrol Boat

CUTTER (GRC) CUTTER (GRC) CUTTER (GRC) CUTTER (GRC)

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SLIDE 18

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Westport GRC

Westport GRC

Item Westport GRC LOA ( ) 43 4 LOA (m): 43.4 B (m): 7.3 Mass (t): 220 Vs max (kts): 32 6 Vs_max (kts): 32.6 Propulsion 16V4000 Pb (KW): 2880

  • Max. ERPM:

2050 Gear Ratio: 2.96 Propeller (mm): 1499 x 1708 Blade No. 5 EAR: 0.96 Struts: V – Wake Adpt. Rudders Wake Adpt Rudders: Wake Adpt.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: SHP Computation

g y y p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: SHP Computation

g y y p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: SHP Computation

g y y p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: Iteration-1

g y y

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: Final Geometry

g y y y

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: Iteration-1

g y y

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: Final Geometry

g y y y

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: Iteration-1

g y y

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Design by Analysis: Final Geometry

g y y y

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Wake Adapted V-Struts

p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Westport GRC

p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Operational Profile:

Operational Profile:

Speed Operational Description Engine Speed Percentage of Power at Rated ERPM Operating Time Percentage Annual Operational Time

(k ) (RPM) (%) (%) (h ) (kts) (RPM) (%) (%) (hrs)

12.0 Loiter 785 7.2 80 2,000 22 0 T 1475 48 6 15 375 22.0 Transit 1475 48.6 15 375 32.5 Flank 2050 98.2 5 125 TOTAL: 2500 TOTAL: 2500

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SLIDE 31

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Fuel Cost Savings per 1% QPC per Year

g p % p

S d bKW F l R F l R A l F l A l F l Speed bKW Savings/Eng Fuel Rate Savings/Eng Fuel Rate Savings/Eng Annual Fuel Savings Annual Fuel Savings (kts) (KW) (L/HR) (GAL/HR) (L/Vessel) (Gal/Vessel)

12.0 3 0.8 0.2 3,228 853 22.0 22 5.7 1.5 4,283 1,132 32.5 46 12.0 3.2 2,992 790 TOTAL 10,504 2,775 COST SAVINGS $11,100 Fuel Price $4/GAL Per 1% QPC per Year per Year

QPC = hull resistance based power / available brake power Q C u es s a ce based powe / ava ab e b a e powe

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Fuel Cost Savings per Year per Vessel:

g p p

Item QPC Savings Annual Fuel Annual Fuel g Savings Savings (%) (L/Vessel) (Gal/Vessel)

Propeller 3.0 31,511 8,325 p , , Strut 0.5 5,252 1,388 Rudder 0.5 5,252 1,388 TOTALS 4.0 42,014 11,100 COST SAVINGS $44,400 Fuel Price $4/GAL per Year per vessel

Note: Efficiency gains compared to typical commercial off- the-shelf (COTS) propulsion hardware options the shelf (COTS) propulsion hardware options.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Speed Increase with 4% QPC Savings:

p % g

Speed bKW Savings/Eng KW/KT per Speed Gain Engine (kts) (KW) (KTS)

12.0 12 54 0.22 22.0 88 125 0.72 32.5 184 198 0.93

Note: Efficiency gains compared to typical commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) propulsion hardware options. / QPC = hull resistance based power / available brake power

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Westport GRC Summary:

p y

FUEL SAVINGS: Estimated reduction of 11,000 Gal (42,000 L) of fuel with a cost savings of $44,000 per year per vessel compared to COTS technology. INCREASED FLANK SPEED: An additional 180 KW per engine made available, through QPC gains, giving an increase of 0.93 knots at Flank Speed. EROSIVE APPENDAGE CAVITATION AVOIDED: Cavitation was eliminated on the strut and rudder through wake alignment. NOISE & VIBRATION: Radiated pressure pulse amplitudes estimated to decrease by 40% through wake adaption of strut-propeller-rudder system.

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SLIDE 35

Swiftships Shipbuilders

IRAQI NAVY COASTAL PATROL IRAQI NAVY COASTAL PATROL IRAQI NAVY COASTAL PATROL IRAQI NAVY COASTAL PATROL

Swiftships Shipbuilders 35m PB

Q BOAT BOAT Q BOAT BOAT

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SLIDE 36

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Swiftships 35m Iraqi Patrol Boat

p q

Item Swiftships Iraqi PB

LOA (m): 35.1 B (m): 6.8 Mass (t): 135 Vs_max (kts): 33.5 Propulsion 16V2000 Pb (KW): 1940 Ma ERPM 2450

  • Max. ERPM:

2450 Gear Ratio: 3.48 Propeller (mm): 1270 x 1613 Blade No. 6 Blade No. 6 EAR: 1.20 Struts: I - Standard Rudders: Standard

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Swiftships 35m PB: Custom Propellers

p p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Swiftships 35m PB: Custom Propellers

p p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Swiftships 35m PB: Custom Propellers

p p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Operational Profile:

Operational Profile:

Speed Operational Description Engine Speed Percentage of Power at Rated ERPM Operating Time Percentage Annual Operational Time (kt ) (RPM) (%) (%) (h ) (kts) (RPM) (%) (%) (hrs) 12.0 Loiter 1038 9.1 85 1,275 21 0 T 1738 40 8 10 150 21.0 Transit 1738 40.8 10 150 33.0 Flank 2455 92.6 5 75 TOTAL: 1500 TOTAL: 1500

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SLIDE 41

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Fuel Cost Savings per 1% QPC per Year

g p % p

S d bKW F l R F l R A l F l A l F l Speed bKW Savings/Eng Fuel Rate Savings/Eng Fuel Rate Savings/Eng Annual Fuel Savings Annual Fuel Savings (kts) (KW) (L/HR) (GAL/HR) (L/Vessel) (Gal/Vessel)

12.0 3 0.8 0.2 3,221 851 21.0 13 3.2 0.9 1,457 385 33.0 27 6.7 1.8 1,514 400 TOTAL 6,192 1,636 COST SAVINGS $6,544 Fuel Price: $4/GAL Per 1% QPC per Year Price: per Year

QPC = hull resistance based power / available brake power /

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SLIDE 42

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Fuel Cost Savings per Year per Vessel:

g p p

Item QPC Savings Annual Fuel Savings Annual Fuel Savings S g S g S g (%) (L/Vessel) (Gal/Vessel)

Propeller 6.0 37,151 9,815 Strut 0.0 Strut 0.0 Rudder 0.0 TOTALS 6.0 37,151 9,815 COST SAVINGS $39,261 per year per vessel COST SAVINGS per CLASS 12 vessel class $471,000 Fuel Price $4/GAL per year per class

Note: Efficiency gains compared to typical commercial off-the-shelf y g p yp (COTS) propulsion hardware & proper gear ratio selection.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Speed Increase with 6% QPC Savings:

p % g

Speed bKW Savings/Eng KW/KT per Speed Gain Engine (kts) (KW) (KTS)

12.0 18 54 0.33 21.0 78 66 1.23 33.0 162 113 1.43

Note: Efficiency gains compared to typical commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) propulsion hardware options & proper gear ratio selection. / QPC = hull resistance based power / available brake power

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Swiftships 35m PB Summary:

p y

FUEL SAVINGS: Estimated reduction of 9,800 Gal (37,000 L) of fuel with a cost savings of $39,000 per year per vessel compared to COTS

  • technology. The entire 12-vessel class would reduce annual fuel cost by

$471,000. , INCREASED FLANK SPEED: An additional 162 KW per engine made available, through QPC gains, giving an increase of 1.43 knots at Flank available, through QPC gains, giving an increase of 1.43 knots at Flank Speed. NOISE & VIBRATION: Radiated pressure pulse amplitudes estimated to NOISE & VIBRATION: Radiated pressure pulse amplitudes estimated to decrease by 20-30% through the propeller design process compared to COTS technology.

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SLIDE 45

TRINITY OFFSHORE PATROL BOAT TRINITY OFFSHORE PATROL BOAT TRINITY OFFSHORE PATROL BOAT TRINITY OFFSHORE PATROL BOAT

50m PB

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SLIDE 46
  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements:

  • Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements: Stewart & Stevenson LLC Stewart & Stevenson LLC Stewart & Stevenson LLC Stewart & Stevenson LLC Stewart & Stevenson, LLC Stewart & Stevenson, LLC Stewart & Stevenson, LLC Stewart & Stevenson, LLC

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity Offshore: 50m Patrol Boat

Trinity Offshore: 50m Patrol Boat

Item Trinity Offshore PB

LOA (m): 51.0 B (m): 8.3 Mass (t): 372 Vs_max (kts): 29.7 Propulsion 20V4000 Pb (KW): 4300

  • Max. ERPM:

2100 Gear Ratio: 4.07 Propeller (mm): 1930 x 2035 Blade No. 6 EAR 1 14 EAR: 1.14 Struts: V – Wake Adpt. Rudders: Wake Adpt.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 1: Stock Resistance & Propulsion

Phase 1: Stock Resistance & Propulsion

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 2: Wake Aligned Appendages

g pp g

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 2: Wake Aligned Appendages

g pp g

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SLIDE 51

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 2: Wake Aligned Appendages

g pp g

10% drag reduction with g redesign of underwater exhausts.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 2: Wake Aligned Appendages

g pp g

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 3: Self Propulsion with Cavitation

p

27 5 kt 27.5 kts

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SLIDE 54

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 3: Self Propulsion with Cavitation

p

27.5 kts

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Phase 3: Self Propulsion with Cavitation

p

27.5 kts

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity PB Propeller:

Trinity PB Propeller:

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity PB Propeller:

y p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity PB Propeller:

Trinity PB Propeller:

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity PB Propeller:

y p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity PB Propeller:

Trinity PB Propeller:

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Trinity Offshore 50m PB Summary:

y y

INCREASED PERFORMACE: Comprehensive approach to hull, tunnel, d d h d il l d i h k d d d i and underwater exhaust details coupled with wake adapted design

  • f the strut-propeller-rudder systems gives QPC gains in excess of

5+% along with a hull drag reduction of 10%. NOISE & VIBRATION: Radiated pressure pulse amplitudes shown to decrease by 50% when compared with a similar PB application decrease by 50% when compared with a similar PB application. HULL CONFIGURATIONS & 2012 LAUNCH: Vessel will be launched in 2012. Hullform can be built in configurations that include patrol boats, commercial vessels, and yachts.

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SLIDE 62

GENERAL PATROL BOAT GENERAL PATROL BOAT GENERAL PATROL BOAT GENERAL PATROL BOAT

Case Study

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Patrol Boat - General

Patrol Boat General

Item PB -General

LOA (m): 46.8 B (m): 7.3 Mass (t): 350 Vs max (kts): 28 16 Vs_max (kts): 28.16 Propulsion 20V4000 (NVR) Pb (KW): 3800

  • Max. ERPM:

2100 Gear Ratio: 4.39 Propeller (mm): 1800 x 2538 Blade No. 5 EAR: 0.87 Struts: I-Keel Rudders: Standard

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-1: Burrill Cavitation Criteria

Thrust Breakdown Hull Pressure Pulse Amp.

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Thrust Breakdown Margin

g

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Pressure Pulse Levels

Hull Pressures (kPa)

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-1: Numerical Propulsion Test

p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-1: Numerical Propulsion Test

p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-1: Numerical Propulsion Test

p

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-2: Generation-2 Propulsion Test

p

Item PB -General

LOA (m): 46.8 ( ) B (m): 7.3 Mass (t): 350 Vs_max (kts): 29.9 _ ( ) Propulsion 20V4000 (NVR) Pb (KW): 3800

  • Max. ERPM:

2100 Gear Ratio: 4.39 Propeller (mm): 1867 x 2310 Blade No. 6 EAR: 1.11 Struts: I-Keel Rudders: Standard

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SLIDE 71

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-2: Burrill Cavitation Criteria
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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PB General: PBG-1Propeller

p

Speed Operational Description Engine Speed Percentage of Power at Rated ERPM Operating Time Percentage Annual Operational Time (kt ) (RPM) (%) (%) (h ) (kts) (RPM) (%) (%) (hrs) 10.0 Loiter 732 4.2 80 2,000 18 0 T 1436 34 8 15 375 18.0 Transit 1436 34.8 15 375 28.2 Flank 2085 97.0 5 125 TOTAL: 2500 TOTAL: 2500

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SLIDE 73

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PB General: PBG-2 Propeller

PB General: PBG 2 Propeller

Speed Operational Description Engine Speed Percentage of Power at Rated ERPM Operating Time Percentage Annual Operational Time (kt ) (RPM) (%) (%) (h ) (kts) (RPM) (%) (%) (hrs) 10.0 Loiter 685 4.3 80 2,000 18 0 T 1345 32 1 15 375 18.0 Transit 1345 32.1 15 375 28.2 Flank (PBG1) 2004 87.9 5 125 29.9 Flank (PBG2) 2100 97.0 29.9 Flank (PBG2) 2100 97.0 TOTAL: 2500

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PBG-1 vs. PBG-2: Annual Fuel Savings

g

Speed bKW Fuel Rate Fuel Rate Annual Fuel Annual Fuel Savings/Eng Savings/Eng Savings/Eng Savings Savings (kts) (KW) (L/HR) (GAL/HR) (L/Vessel) (Gal/Vessel)

10.0 (3) (0.9) (0.2) (3,900) (1,030) 10.0 (3) (0.9) (0.2) (3,900) (1,030) 18.0 102 27.1 7.2 13,558 3,582 28.2 346 87.9 23.2 21,981 5,807 TOTAL 31,639 8,359 , , COST SAVINGS $33,436 Fuel Price $4/GAL per vessel per year COST SAVINGS per CLASS 10 vessel class $334,400 per class per year

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • PB-General Summary:

PB General Summary:

FUEL SAVINGS: Estimated reduction of 8,400 Gal (32,000 L) of fuel with a cost savings of $33,400 per year per vessel compared to COTS g $ , p y p p

  • technology. The entire 10-vessel class would reduce annual fuel cost by

$334,000. INCREASED FLANK SPEED: An additional 346 KW per engine made available, through QPC gains, giving an estimated increase of 1.70 knots at Flank Speed. NOISE & VIBRATION: Radiated pressure pulse amplitudes estimated to decrease by 50% through reduced cavity volume variation of the propeller at flank speed.

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SLIDE 76

CLOSURE CLOSURE CLOSURE CLOSURE

Summary & Conclusions

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Historical Approach + Modern Methods

pp

Computations Computations Model Tests Experience

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Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Achieve Propulsion System Goals:

p y

Given Power Maximize Speed Minimize Power Given Speed & Fuel Consumption Minimize Noise At All Times Minimize Noise, Vibration, & Erosive Cavitation C v

slide-79
SLIDE 79

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Overall Propulsion Program Perspective:

p g p Comprehensive Systems Approach Minimize Performance Based Risk

slide-80
SLIDE 80

Overview Design & Analysis Methods Westport GRC Swiftships Iraqi PB Trinity PB PB - General Closure

  • Closure:

Closure: thank you.