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Derelict Fishing Gear & Related Debris: Derelict Fishing Gear & Related Debris: A Hawaii Case Study A Hawaii Case Study

Mary J. Donohue Mary J. Donohue1

1 & Gregory Schorr

& Gregory Schorr2

2

1 1University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program

University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program

2 2NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Science Center

NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Science Center

U.S. Pacific Islands U.S. Pacific Islands

Percentages of U.S. Coral Percentages of U.S. Coral Reefs by Area Reefs by Area

Northwestern Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian Islands 69% 69%

Main Hawaiian Main Hawaiian Islands Islands 15% 15%

• N. Mariana Islands
• N. Mariana Islands

3% 3% Guam 1% Guam 1% Other Pac. Islands 4% Other Pac. Islands 4% American Samoa 2% American Samoa 2%

Puerto Rico 3% Puerto Rico 3% Florida 2% Florida 2% US Virgin Islands US Virgin Islands 1% 1% (Miller and Crosby, 1998) (Miller and Crosby, 1998)

Northwestern Hawaiian Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Islands

• ~70% of all U.S. coral reefs by area
• ~1500 km2 of reef <10 m deep
• Protected species habitat

Hawaiian monk seal Sea turtles

• Subject to debris set adrift throughout the N.

Pacific Ocean

Net Samples Analyzed from Net Samples Analyzed from NWHI 1998 NWHI 1998-

• 2002

2002

Trawl 2.3% Other 2.9%

• Misc. Line .95%

Trawl/Seine 83.6% Monofilament Gillnet 5.2% Multifilament Gillnet 3.2% Longline 1.4%

N = 3979

(Timmers and Donohue, 2003) (Timmers and Donohue, 2003)

Litter Accumulation by Litter Accumulation by Currents Currents

120° 140° 160° 180° 200° 220° 240° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 120° 140° 160° 180° 200° 220° 240° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50°

* * * * * * * * * * ** ** * *

(Kubota 1994) (Kubota 1994)

Oceanography Oceanography

Impacts of Impacts of Derelict Fishing Gear Derelict Fishing Gear

Economic Impacts: Economic Impacts:

• Crew/passenger safety

Crew/passenger safety

• Ship (propeller/intake) damage

Ship (propeller/intake) damage

• Ghost fishing

Ghost fishing

Impacts of Impacts of Derelict Fishing Gear Derelict Fishing Gear

Ecological Impacts: Ecological Impacts:

• Wildlife entanglement &

Wildlife entanglement & ingestion ingestion

• Coral damage

Coral damage

• Substrate disturbance

Substrate disturbance

• Alien species introduction

Alien species introduction

Ecological Impacts Ecological Impacts

Wildlife Entanglement Wildlife Entanglement

Coral/Substrate Damage Coral/Substrate Damage

Coral Damage Coral Damage Substrate Damage Substrate Damage

Introduction of Alien Species Introduction of Alien Species

Diadumene lineata Diadumene lineata

Invasive Invasive Sea Anemone Sea Anemone found on net at found on net at Pearl & Pearl & Hermes Atoll, Hermes Atoll, 2000 2000

( (Zabin Zabin and Godwin, 2003) and Godwin, 2003)

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi Multi-

• Agency Marine Debris Cleanup

Agency Marine Debris Cleanup 1998 1998-

• 2003

2003