SLIDE 1
TH Köln TH Köln
TH Köln TH Köln
Generators replaced by electronics
S.2
Degrees of freedom for primary control with batteries Eberhard - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Degrees of freedom for primary control with batteries Eberhard - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Degrees of freedom for primary control with batteries Eberhard Waffenschmidt IRES 2017, Dsseldorf, Germany, 14.-16. March 2017 Acknowledgements to : Tobias Scheja, Momoko Kristuf, Fabian Rosenau, Daniel Korber and Jakob Bhr TH Kln TH
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
TH Köln TH Köln
Primary control with batteries
3
SLIDE 4
TH Köln TH Köln
Occurrence of Primary Control Power in 2013
4
SLIDE 5
TH Köln TH Köln
State of charge without measures
5
State of Charge / MWh
Strong depletion due to
Charging losses
Imperfect frequency measurements
SLIDE 6
TH Köln TH Köln
- 150%
- 100%
- 50%
0% 50% 100% 150% 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 Frequency f / Hz Feed-in power P/Pmax
Nominal power Optional excess power
120%
- 120%
Degrees of freedom with Primary Control
6
SLIDE 7
TH Köln TH Köln
Degrees of freedom with Primary Control
Additional degrees of freedom:
Delayed reaction: 30s to full power
Trading of energy
7
- 150%
- 100%
- 50%
0% 50% 100% 150% 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 Frequency f / Hz Feed-in power P/Pmax
Nominal power Optional excess power
49.99 50.01 Hz 120%
- 120%
Optional deadband
SLIDE 8
TH Köln TH Köln
Effect of applying degrees of freedom
8
No strategy Dead band
State of Charge / MWh
SLIDE 9
TH Köln TH Köln
Effect of applying degrees of freedom
9
No strategy Excess delivery Dead band
State of Charge / MWh
SLIDE 10
TH Köln TH Köln
Effect of applying degrees of freedom
10
No strategy Excess delivery Dead band Dead band and excess
State of Charge / MWh
SLIDE 11
TH Köln TH Köln
- 150%
- 100%
- 50%
0% 50% 100% 150% 49.7 49.8 49.9 50 50.1 50.2 50.3 Frequency f / Hz Feed-in power P/Pmax
Nominal power Optional excess power
49.99 50.01 Hz 120%
- 120%
Optional deadband
±10mHz
Measurement preciseness
Degrees of freedom with Primary Control
Additional degrees of freedom:
Delayed reaction: 30s to full power
Trading of energy
11
SLIDE 12
TH Köln TH Köln
Effect of a systematic frequency error
Allowed frequency measurement error: +/-450 MWh missing
To achieve missing energy <1MWh: Preciseness required +/-0.023mHz
- 500
- 400
- 300
- 200
- 100
100
200 300 400 500
- 10
- 8
- 6
- 4
- 2
2 4 6 8 10
Measurement error f /mHz Missing Energy E / MWh
Energy is missing for one year
SLIDE 13
TH Köln TH Köln
The idea: Compensate error by averaging
13
favg(i) Pbat Weighting factor f favg(i-1) fcorr Memory +1 f P Pset Power grid Battery storage Power converter Frequency measurement Power slope Pgrid n fn Nominal frequency 50,000Hz
SLIDE 14
TH Köln TH Köln
Effect of applying degrees of freedom
14
No strategy Excess delivery Dead band Dead band and excess Frequency averaging All
State of Charge / MWh
SLIDE 15
TH Köln TH Köln
Conclusion
15
SLIDE 16
TH Köln TH Köln
Primary control with batteries
Problem:
Strong depletion due to
Charging losses Imprecise frequency measurements
Solution:
Use degrees of freedom
Excess delivery Deadtime Frequency: Averaging
16
SLIDE 17
TH Köln TH Köln
Contact
17
- Prof. Dr. Eberhard Waffenschmidt
Electrical Grids, CIRE - Cologne Institute for Renewable Energy Betzdorferstraße 2, Room ZO 9-19 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Tel. +49 221 8275 2020