Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 19, 2023 347 likes •886 views

Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., P.Eng P.Eng. . President, Chief Geophysicist President, Chief Geophysicist Discovery International Geophysics Inc. Discovery

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SLIDE 1

Deep Exploration with Deep Exploration with SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM

Dennis V. Woods, Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D.,

Ph.D., P.Eng P.Eng. .

President, Chief Geophysicist President, Chief Geophysicist

Discovery International Geophysics Inc. Discovery International Geophysics Inc.

147 Robin Crescent, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7L 6M3 147 Robin Crescent, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7L 6M3 Tel: 306 249 4422 Fax: 306 249 4421 Tel: 306 249 4422 Fax: 306 249 4421 E E-

  • mail:

mail: dennis.woods@discogeo.com dennis.woods@discogeo.com Web site: Web site: www.discogeo.com www.discogeo.com

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SLIDE 2

OUTLINE OUTLINE

A brief discussion about B A brief discussion about B-

  • field versus dB/

field versus dB/ dt dt TDEM, TDEM, SQUID sensors, and high signal/low noise SQUID sensors, and high signal/low noise Lots of comparison plots: SQUID Lots of comparison plots: SQUID vs vs Coil, IPHT Coil, IPHT Jessy Jessy Deep Deep vs vs CSIRO CSIRO LandTEM LandTEM, Slingram , Slingram vs vs Fixed Fixed Loop, Loop Size, etc Loop, Loop Size, etc A little interpretation (i.e. A little interpretation (i.e. modelling modelling) )

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SLIDE 3

B B vs vs dB/ dB/ dt dt

Advantages of measuring B rather than dB/ Advantages of measuring B rather than dB/ dt dt are well are well documented in papers by documented in papers by Macnae Macnae, Le Roux, Osmond at , Le Roux, Osmond at SEG Workshop in 2006 and at Exploration SEG Workshop in 2006 and at Exploration ‘ ‘07. 07.

  • Increased S/N of B relative to dB/

Increased S/N of B relative to dB/ dt dt at late time at late time

  • Increased S/N of B relative to dB/

Increased S/N of B relative to dB/ dt dt during on during on-

  • time

time

  • Greater response for higher decay constant targets

Greater response for higher decay constant targets

  • high conductivity (higher grade) ore bodies

high conductivity (higher grade) ore bodies

  • large ore bodies

large ore bodies

  • Lower

Lower sferic sferic noise noise Disadvantages Disadvantages -

  • sensor movement noise

sensor movement noise

  • geomagnetic fluctuation noise

geomagnetic fluctuation noise

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SLIDE 4

B B vs vs dB/ dB/ dt dt

Le Roux (2007) Le Roux (2007)

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SLIDE 5

B B vs vs dB/ dB/ dt dt

Macnae Macnae (2006) (2006)

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SLIDE 6

SQUID SQUID -

  • S

Superconducting uperconducting Qu Quantum antum I I nterference nterference D Device evice

Stolz Stolz, et al. (2006) , et al. (2006)

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SLIDE 7

Filling Low Filling Low Temperature Temperature SQUI D (LTS) SQUI D (LTS) with Liquid with Liquid Helium Helium Filling High Temperature SQUI D (HTS) Filling High Temperature SQUI D (HTS) with Liquid Nitrogen with Liquid Nitrogen

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SLIDE 8

SQUID and the Magnetic Field Spectrum SQUID and the Magnetic Field Spectrum

After Bingham (2009) After Bingham (2009)

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SLIDE 9

SQUID and EM Sensor Noise Spectrums SQUID and EM Sensor Noise Spectrums

Le Roux (2006) Le Roux (2006)

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SLIDE 10

Deep Exploration Requires High Signal Deep Exploration Requires High Signal and Low Noise and Low Noise

Phoenix TXU Phoenix TXU-

  • 30

30

  • 20 kW

20 kW

  • 40 Amps

40 Amps

  • 120 lbs

120 lbs Walcer Walcer Generator Generator

  • 12.5 kW

12.5 kW

  • 25 Hp gas motor

25 Hp gas motor

  • 200 lbs

200 lbs 400 Hertz Generator 400 Hertz Generator

  • 20 kW

20 kW

  • 40 Hp gas motor

40 Hp gas motor

  • 350 lbs

350 lbs

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SLIDE 11

TEM Waveforms TEM Waveforms

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SLIDE 12

TEM Decay Plots TEM Decay Plots

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SLIDE 13

SQUID TDEM SQUID TDEM Surveys Surveys

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SLIDE 14

Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) Surveys Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) Surveys

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SLIDE 15

Slingram Slingram -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

800m x 800m Loop, 15A, Rx 800m x 800m Loop, 15A, Rx-

  • Tx = 1800m, Depth = 750m

Tx = 1800m, Depth = 750m

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SLIDE 16

Slingram Slingram -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 400m, Depth = 250m

Tx = 400m, Depth = 250m

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SLIDE 17

Jessy Jessy (IPHT, Germany) (IPHT, Germany) vs vs Landtem Landtem (CSIRO, Australia) (CSIRO, Australia)

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SLIDE 18

Slingram Slingram - Z Z - Jessy Jessy vs vs LandTEM LandTEM

100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 400m, Depth

Tx = 400m, Depth = 250m = 250m

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SLIDE 19

Slingram Slingram - X X - Jessy Jessy vs vs LandTEM LandTEM

100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx 100m x 100m x 2 Turn Loop, 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 400m, Depth

Tx = 400m, Depth = 250m = 250m

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SLIDE 20

Slingram Slingram -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx 800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

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SLIDE 21

Slingram Slingram -

  • X

X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx 800m x 800m Loop, 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

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SLIDE 22

Slingram Slingram -

  • Z

Z -

  • 800m

800m vs vs 400m x 2 Loop 400m x 2 Loop

20A, Rx 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

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SLIDE 23

Slingram Slingram -

  • X

X -

  • 800m

800m vs vs 400m x 2 Loop 400m x 2 Loop

20A, Rx 20A, Rx-

  • Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

Tx = 800m, Depth = 400m

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SLIDE 24

Slingram SQUID Slingram SQUID vs vs In In-

  • Loop Coil

Loop Coil -

  • Z

Z

600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Rx 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Rx-

  • Tx = 1000m, Depth = 650m

Tx = 1000m, Depth = 650m

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SLIDE 25

g g Tx Tx

600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m

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SLIDE 26

Slingram Slingram -

  • X

X -

  • 1400m

1400m vs vs 1000m Rx 1000m Rx-

  • Tx

Tx

600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m 600m x 800m Loop, 17A, Depth = 650m

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SLIDE 27

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X

X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E 250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E-

  • 250E, Depth = < 100m

250E, Depth = < 100m

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SLIDE 28

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E 250m x 250m Loop, 24A, 0E-

  • 250E, Depth = < 100m

250E, Depth = < 100m

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SLIDE 29

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X

X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W 400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W-

  • 200E, Depth = 550m

200E, Depth = 550m

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SLIDE 30

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W 400m x 400m Loop, 22A, 200W-

  • 200E, Depth = 550m

200E, Depth = 550m

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SLIDE 31

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X

X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S 600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S-

  • 800S, Depth = 500m

800S, Depth = 500m

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SLIDE 32

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S 600m x 800m Loop, 16A, 1400S-

  • 800S, Depth = 500m

800S, Depth = 500m

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SLIDE 33

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X

X -

  • 400m

400m vs vs 800m Loop 800m Loop

1000W 1000W-

  • 600W and 1400W

600W and 1400W-

  • 600W, 18A, Depth = 750m

600W, 18A, Depth = 750m

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SLIDE 34

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z

Z -

  • 400m

400m vs vs 800m Loop 800m Loop

1000W 1000W-

  • 600W and 1400W

600W and 1400W-

  • 600W, 18A, Depth = 750m

600W, 18A, Depth = 750m

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SLIDE 35

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z & X

Z & X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W 800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W-

  • 800W, Depth = 500m

800W, Depth = 500m

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SLIDE 36

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X

X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W 800m x 1200m Loop, 13A, 1600W-

  • 800W, Depth = 500m

800W, Depth = 500m

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SLIDE 37

SQUID TEM Modelling SQUID TEM Modelling -

  • West Loop

West Loop -

  • West Conductors

West Conductors

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SLIDE 38

SQUID TEM Modelling SQUID TEM Modelling -

  • Both Loops

Both Loops -

  • West Conductors

West Conductors

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SLIDE 39

SQUID TEM Modelling SQUID TEM Modelling -

  • East Loop

East Loop – – East Conductor East Conductor

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SLIDE 40

SQUID TEM Modelling SQUID TEM Modelling -

  • Both Loops

Both Loops -

  • East Conductor

East Conductor

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SLIDE 41

SQUID TEM Modelling SQUID TEM Modelling -

  • Both Loops

Both Loops -

  • Both Conductors

Both Conductors

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SLIDE 42

SQUID TEM Modelling SQUID TEM Modelling -

  • Both Loops

Both Loops -

  • Two Conductor

Two Conductor

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SLIDE 43

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X

X -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E-

  • 3900E, Depth = 900

3900E, Depth = 900-

  • 1200m

1200m

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SLIDE 44

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z

Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E-

  • 3900E, Depth = 900

3900E, Depth = 900-

  • 1200m

1200m

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SLIDE 45

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X & Z

X & Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E-

  • 3900E, Depth = 900

3900E, Depth = 900-

  • 1200m

1200m

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SLIDE 46

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • X & Z

X & Z -

  • SQUID

SQUID vs vs Coil Coil

2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E-

  • 3900E, Depth = 900

3900E, Depth = 900-

  • 1200m

1200m

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SLIDE 47

Fixed Loop Fixed Loop -

  • Z

Z LandTEM LandTEM vs vs fluxgates fluxgates vs vs Jessy Jessy

2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E 2000m x 2700m Loop, 20A, 1900E-

  • 3900E, Depth = 900

3900E, Depth = 900-

  • 1200m

1200m

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SLIDE 48

Lalor Lalor TEM Modelling TEM Modelling -

  • All Loops

All Loops -

  • All Data

All Data

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SLIDE 49

Lalor Lalor TEM Modelling TEM Modelling -

  • Final Model

Final Model

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SLIDE 50

Lalor Lalor TEM Modelling TEM Modelling -

  • Final Model

Final Model with Deep Cu with Deep Cu-

  • Au Ore Body

Au Ore Body

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SLIDE 51

Lalor Lalor TEM Modelling TEM Modelling -

  • Final Model

Final Model without Deep Cu without Deep Cu-

  • Au Ore Body

Au Ore Body

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SLIDE 52

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

(It (It’ ’s not rocket science!) s not rocket science!)

  • If you want to explore deep with TDEM you need

If you want to explore deep with TDEM you need lots of signal and as little noise as possible. lots of signal and as little noise as possible.

  • To get lots of signal, use the largest transmitter

To get lots of signal, use the largest transmitter available, that can still be moved about efficiently. available, that can still be moved about efficiently.

  • To minimize noise, use the most sensitive B

To minimize noise, use the most sensitive B-

  • field

field sensor available sensor available -

  • the Supracon/IPHT SQUID

the Supracon/IPHT SQUID