Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment Adir Janete Godoy dos Santos a,b, Marcelo Bessa Nisti b

• a. Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, godoyaj@hotmail.com
• b. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, mbnisti@ipen.br

Economic Planning in Production

Inputs Ou Outputs

Energy Manufacture Information Solid Residue Liquid Effluent Gases Release Treatments Noise Water Raw Capital $ Staff ability Technology Management GHG Products Recovery POP Ozone Depletion Radioatives

Environ vironmen mental al Regulat lation

• n Com

Compli plian ance

COMPANY IMAGE: go goals

Solid Waste Conventional Reuse Reduction

INTRODUCTION

Cleaner pro roduction and su sust stainability factors

• rs evol

volution

Pollution Control Social Parameters

• participation
• self involvement
• community

Economical Parameters

• company public image
• financial costs reduction
• continuous improvement

1960

Basic Sanitation Environmental Planning Environmental Management Integrated Management Environ-Social Responsibility Cleaner Production Systemic Management Cycling Reuse

Year

1980 1970 1990 2000 2007 2011

Environmental management evolution in the Brazil, under three main sustainability influence factors.

Environmental Impact Assessment

 Liquid

iquid Effluent ent Contai ain

Potential Stable Pollutants (conventional chemical

substances)

Potential Radioactive Pollutants (radioisotopes)

Environmental Assessment Liquid Effluent

1- Liquid Effluent Generation 2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4- Discharge Sewerage Point Brazilian Rules Compliance 5- Release 6- Environmental Impacts

Environmental Liquid Effluent Assessment

1- Liquid Effluent Generation 2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4- Discharge Sewerage Point Brazilian Rules Compliance 5- Release 6- Environmental Impacts

[Tritium - 3H] [Tritium - 3H] Dilution Factor Estimative

METHODOLOGY

Tritium generation could be associated with:

• naturally in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays strike

nitrogen molecules in the air;

• during nuclear weapons explosions;
• as a byproduct in power reactors, producing electricity;
• as a potential pollutant in research reactors operation.

Tritium Measurement

Sample Homogenization Tritium Sub-samples Very Slow Distillation

Sample pre-treatment

Transfer to Cocktail Scintillation Solution Gentle Mixing Cooled and Dark Storage

Where: C: Tritium sample concentration (Bq L-1 ) Ca: sample counting (cps) Bg: background radiation (cps) Efa: sample counting efficiency (cps dps-1) Efbg: background counting efficiency (cps.dps-1) V: sample volume (L)

Tritium Measurement

Liquid Scintillation Counting Method for Beta Radiation Tritium Emission

         

V bg V a

Ef Bg Ef Ca C

. .

.

Tritium samples concentration (Bq L-1 )determination

Where: y: QIP value; m: slope of plot of SIS versus tSIE; x: tSIE value, b: intercept on SIS axis of a plot of SIS versus tSIE.

Tritium Measurement Quenching Correction

The Quench-indicating Parameter is the Spectral Index of the Sample (QIP) and the external source quench-indicating parameter is the transformed Spectral Index of the External Standard (tSIE). The counting efficiency was certain for the methodology "transformed Spectral Index f the standard External" (tSIE) using a source 133Ba, wherein each radionuclide equation is near linear and is expressed in the equation

.

y = mx + b

2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4- Discharge Sewerage Point

[Tritium - 3H] [Tritium - 3H]

Dilution Factor Estimative tank flow rate exit estimative for liquid controlled dispenser

Planned release for stored effluent

Tritium concentration The Tritium concentration was determined for several time controlled samples (Bq L-1). These values were compared with the initial activity concentration.

Potential Radioactive Pollutant

Where: FdE1,i: sewerage point E1 Dilution Factor for radioisotope i. Ctr1,i : radiotracer i initial concentration (Bq L-1) for effluent inside storage tank. CE1,i : radiotracer i concentration (Bq L-1) in sewerage effluent sampled (Bq L-1)

Tritium Measurement Quenching Correction

The dilution factor estimated for radioactive sample effluent in the sewerage point was obtained by equation:

.

i E i tr i E

C C Fd

, 1 , 1 , 1 

RESULTS

2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4- Discharge Sewerage Point

[Tritium - 3H] [Tritium - 3H] Dilution Factor Estimative

tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid controlled dispenser

Planned release for stored effluent 56881±3255 Bq L-1

The tritium concentration was determined for several time controlled samples (Bq L-1). These values were compared with the initial activity concentration.

7.4 average

10.6 5367 ± 269 11h20 2 5.8 9849 ± 493 10h30 2 5.8 9727 ± 486 9h35 2

4.3 average

4.8 11913 ± 596 14h30 1 5.1 11247 ± 563 13h33 1 3.9 14629 ± 732 12h37 1 2.6 21963 ± 1098 11h31 1 3.8 14881 ± 748 10h35 1 5.5 10361 ± 518 9h37 1

Dilution Factor

3H (Bq L-1)

Time Day

RESULTS

2- Storage Tank for Analyses 3- Sewerage System Inside Company Area 4- Discharge Sewerage Point

[Tritium - 3H] [Tritium - 3H]

Dilution Factor Estimative

tank flow rate exit was estimated as 10.9 ± 0.9 m3.h-1 for liquid controlled dispenser

Planned release for stored effluent

4.3 and 7.4

Brazilian Regulation prohibits the use of superior quality water for effluent dilution. In this case was estimated the dilution factor for discharge point facility, using the generated effluents (same quality water) from several unities in installation operation company.

RESULTS

Possible Routine Base Protocol Implantation for Environmental Management Improvement Based on Clean Procedure.

 The Tri

riti tium, gen gener erat ated ed as as op

• per

erat ation ional al unfa favor vorab able radi adioacti tive ve sp spec ecie ie was as used sed as as an an able ra radiotr diotrac acer. er.

 The dil

diluti tion

• n fa

facto tor esti estimat ativ ive came pos

• ssib

sible a proc rocedu edure protoc rotocol

• l for

for use of

• f th

the prac actic ical di diluti tion

• n factor

tor ge gener erat ated ed in op

• pti

timiz izat ation ion disc dischar arge ge of

• f liqui

iquid eff effluen ents ts in in produ roducti tion

• n

CONCLUSIONS

 No en

envi viron ronmenta ental or

• r financi

inancial cos

• sts were

ere added added by th this is oper erat ation ional and and in in loco loco radi adiot

• tra

racer er ass assay ay .

 The proc

rocedu edure re fo for di diluti tion

• n fac

actor tor est stim imat ativ ive was as clea eaner, er, wit ithou hout ra radio ioisotop isotope incre remen ent con

• ncentr

entrati tion

• ns into

into sew sewag age and and envi viron ronment CONCLUSIONS

 This stu

study was carr rried ou

• ut withou

hout additional enviro ronmental or

• r monetary

ry cos

• sts, accomplish

shed the cleaner pro roduction practices and proc rocedures prop ropos

• se.

 The

he actual cleaner pro roduction

• n improv

rovement requi quire attitudes cha hanging, ensu suring re responsibl ble enviro ronmental management, cre reative conductive ve comp

• mpanies pol
• licies and evaluation technol
• log
• gy options

evaluation

• n.

CONCLUSIONS

 The use of

• f a pote
• tentia

ial poll

• llutant

ant to to esti estimat ate th the di diluti tion

• n factor

tor of

• f the

he aq aqueou

• us eff

effluents ents is is ab able to to con

• nvention

ional al indu industry, stry, radi adioac acti tive ve or

• r nuclear

ar plants. ants.

 Could be carr

rried ied ou

• ut for

for al all che hemic ical sp spec ecie ies, s, genera generate ted in in proc rocess ess and and sen sent for for stor storag age eff effluent ent ta tank or

• r tr

trea eatment ent st stat ation ion. CONCLUSIONS

 The proc

rocedu edure re an and dec decisio isions are re able for for hum human an produ roducti tion

• n fie

field, d, such as as minin ining, g, milling, ing, engineer, gineer, agr gric icultur tural, public ic urban an area rea poli

• licy,

y, tr transp ansport

• rtat

ation ion and and touris tourism ac acti tion

• ns.

s.

 In

In addit addition ion, a ta table of

• f ex

expec ecte ted dil dilution ion vol volumes es may ay be prepa repare red by con

• ntinu

inuou

• us

mon

• nitori

toring, g, case ase to to case. ase. CONCLUSIONS

• Dra. Adir Janete Godoy dos Santos –

godoyaj@hotmail.com M.Sc Marcelo Bessa Nisti mbnisti@ipen.br

Decisions and Procedures to Cleaner Production Concerning on Liquid Effluents Assessment