Dark Matter Detection with Noble Liquids Aaron Manalaysay Physics Institute University of Zurich Rencontres de Rencontres de Moriond Moriond EW, La EW, La Thuile Thuile, , Aosta Aosta Valley, Italy, 18 March 2011 Valley, Italy, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Overview � Introduction � Existing results � Physics focus: low-mass WIMPs � Ongoing and future experiments � Prospects for constraining WIMP properties 2 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Direct detection Talk by Fabiana Cossavella He DRIFT, GERDA, PICASSO, CoGeNT Ne Zeplin I, II & III XENON10,100,1t Charge Talk by Steven Leman LUX Ar PANDAX CDMS LZS Talk by Ana Sofia LZD EDELWEISS Torrento Coello Energy from a Kr ArDM COUPP particle WARP Talk by C Eric Dahl interaction goes Dark Side PICASSO MAX where? Xe DARWIN Scintillation Vibration DAMA, Rn KIMS, CRESST CRESST I DEAP/CLEAN ROSEBUD XMASS 3 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Why use noble liquids? � Easily scalable to almost arbitrary size � Self shielding works � High yield -> (~75, ~50 quanta/keV in LXe, LAr, respectively) means low thresholds � 3-D position reconstruction capabilities � Nuclear recoil discrimination (~10 -3 in LXe, ~10 -7 in LAr) � Fast response (scintillation fast component at the ~few ns level) � “Easy” cryogenics (boiling points: 165 K, 88 K for LXe and LAr, respectively) � Extremely low attenuation of own scintillation light (compare with organic scintillators) � LXe: Large nucleus (A~131) means large spin-independent cross section � LXe: ~50% natural isotopes carry spin, giving spin-dependent sensitivity � LXe: No long-lived radioisotopes � LAr: Cheap and easily obtainable � LAr: Capable of pulse shape discrimination 4 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Detection technique • “ • “S1 S1” ” = primary scintillation = primary scintillation • “ • “S2 S2” ” = ionization signal = ionization signal “Dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) Dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC)” ” “ PMT PMT PMT PMT “S2 S2” ” “ Anode Grid Gas E g Gate Grid e - “S1 S1” ” “ e - S1 S2 S1 S2 E d e - e - e - Liquid Cathode PMT PMT PMT PMT 5 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What should I discuss? 6 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What should I discuss? … so RESULTS it is! so RESULTS it is! … 7 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What results are out there? DAMA LXe * XENON10 * Zeplin I * XENON100 * Zeplin II XENON1T Green are those noble liquid * Zeplin III XMASS * experiments that have * WARP 2.3l LUX * released DM results WARP 100l LZS ArDM LZD DEAP/CLEAN PANDAX Dark Side MAX DARWIN * Four most-recent results * Four most-recent results 8 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What results are out there? The experimental process follows The experimental process follows these steps (in a nutshell, at least): these steps (in a nutshell , at least): WARP 2.3l Zeplin III � Collect background data XENON10 � Apply cuts to remove electronic XENON100 recoils � Look at the signal region 9 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids WARP 2.3l Dual-phase liquid argon TPC, operated at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS, Assergi, Italy). First results released 2007. 3.2 kg F.M., 100 kg d exposure. Exposure of 96.5 kg d, 55-100 keV ~10 -42 cm 2 sensitivity Discrimination performed with BOTH ionization/scintillation ratio, AND pulse shape discrimination WIMP search window P. Benetti et al , Astropart. Phys. 28 (2008) 495 arXiv:astro-ph/0701286 10 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Zeplin-III (1) Dual-phase liquid xenon TPC, operated at the Boulby mine (UK). 6.52 kg F.M. ~128 kg d exposure, 7 events in the signal region. 11 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Inelastic WIMP limits Inelastic WIMP limits Zeplin-III (2) S-I results S-I results : V.N. : V.N.Lebedenko Lebedenko et al et al Phys.Rev.D Phys.Rev.D 80 80 (2009) 052010, (2009) 052010, � � arXiv arXiv:0812.1150 [ :0812.1150 [astro-ph astro-ph] ] S-D results : V.N. S-D results : V.N.Lebedenko Lebedenko et al et al Phys.Rev. Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 103 103 (2009) 151302, (2009) 151302, � � arXiv arXiv:0901.4348 [ :0901.4348 [hep-ex hep-ex] ] iDM iDM results results : D.Yu. : D.Yu.Akimov Akimov et al et al arXiv arXiv:1003.5626v2 [ :1003.5626v2 [hep-ex hep-ex] 2010 ] 2010 � � Currently collecting more data with new collecting more data with new Currently PMTs and PMTs and ~10 times lower background ~10 times lower background ! ! Spin-Dependent WIMP limits Spin-Dependent WIMP limits Spin-Independent WIMP limits Spin-Independent WIMP limits ~10 -43 cm 2 sensitivity ~10 -43 cm 2 sensitivity 12 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids XENON10 (1) Dual-phase liquid xenon TPC, operated at LNGS (Italy). 5.4 kg F.M. ~136 kg d exposure, 10 events in the signal region. 13 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Inelastic WIMP limits Inelastic WIMP limits XENON10 (2) S-I results S-I results : : J.Angle J.Angle et al et al , Phys.Rev. , Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 100 100 (2008) 021303, (2008) 021303, � � arXiv arXiv:0706.0039 [ :0706.0039 [astro-ph astro-ph] ] S-D results : : J.Angle J.Angle et al et al , Phys.Rev. , Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 101 101 (2008) 091301 (2008) 091301, , S-D results � � arXiv arXiv:0805.2939 [ :0805.2939 [astro-ph astro-ph] ] iDM results iDM results : : J.Angle J.Angle et al et al , Phys.Rev.D , Phys.Rev.D 80 80 (2009) 115005, (2009) 115005, � � arXiv:0910.3698 :0910.3698 arXiv Spin-Independent WIMP limits Spin-Independent WIMP limits ~5x10 -44 cm 2 sensitivity ~5x10 -44 cm 2 sensitivity Spin-Dependent WIMP limits Spin-Dependent WIMP limits XENON10 XENON10 14 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids XENON100 (1) Dual-phase liquid xenon TPC, operated at the LNGS (Italy). 40 kg F.M. ~156 kg d exposure, 0 events in the signal region. Still collecting data ! (~2 tonne d blind ! ) 15 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids XENON100 (2) Spin-Independent limits only for now, Spin-Independent limits only for now, at the ~3.5x10 -44 at the ~3.5x10 -44 cm cm 2 2 level level S-I results S-I results : : E. E.Aprile Aprile et al et al , Phys.Rev. , Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 105 105 (2010) 131302, (2010) 131302, � � arXiv arXiv:1005.0380 [ :1005.0380 [astro-ph astro-ph.CO] .CO] Alt. Analysis: Alt. Analysis: E. E.Aprile Aprile et al et al , , arXiv arXiv:1103.0303 [ :1103.0303 [hep-ex hep-ex] ] � � 16 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Physics focus: low-mass WIMPs What’ ’s going s going What on here !? !? on here 17 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Physics focus: low-mass WIMPs CoGeNT Spectrum* Spectrum* CoGeNT Possible signal Possible signal detection in the two detection in the two searches that use no use no searches that rejection of rejection of electromagnetic electromagnetic backgrounds backgrounds DAMA/LIBRA Modulation Amplitude ! DAMA/LIBRA Modulation Amplitude ! *C.E.Aalseth *C.E. Aalseth et al et al , , arXiv arXiv:1002.4703v2 [ :1002.4703v2 [astro-ph astro-ph.CO] .CO] R.Bernabei Bernabei et al et al , , Eur Eur.Phys.J. .Phys.J. C67 C67 (2010) 39-49 (2010) 39-49 ! R. ! 18 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011
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