Daniel L. Moody, Member IEEE 2009 Presentation by Christina - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Daniel L. Moody, Member IEEE 2009 Presentation by Christina - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Daniel L. Moody, Member IEEE 2009 Presentation by Christina Christodoulakis Visual Languages Cave art Lascaux cave, France ~17.300 years old Anatomy of visual language Graphical symbols Visual syntax Compositional rules

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Daniel L. Moody, Member IEEE 2009

Presentation by Christina Christodoulakis

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 Visual Languages Cave art – Lascaux cave, France ~17.300 years old

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 Anatomy of visual language

  • Graphical symbols
  • Compositional rules
  • Definitions of symbols

 1D (lines), 2D (areas), 3D (volumes), text (labels), spatial relationships

Visual syntax

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 What makes a good visual notation?

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 What makes a good visual notation?

Cogn gniti tive ve effectivenes iveness speed, ease and accuracy with which the human mind processes A visual notation must

a.

Effectively communicate with business stakeholders

b.

Support design and problem solving by sw engineers

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 It’s location location location baby.

VS VS

The same? Different? What is intuitive?

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 Visual dialects

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 Visual dialects

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 Design space

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 Design Space

  • Primary Notation

 Formal definition. Set of symbols with prescribed meanings

  • Secondary Notation

 Visual variables (reinforcive or claritive nature)

  • Visual Noise

 Accidental secondary notation (result in distortion of intended message)

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 Solution Space  Human graphical information processing

Seein eing (automatic and executed in parallel) Under derstan andin ding

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Each principle has:

  • Name
  • Semantic

definition

  • Operational

definition

  • Design strategies
  • Exemplars and

counter exemplars

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  • 1. Semiotic Clarity
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Sym ymbol bol Re Redundancy dancy: multiple graphical symbols represent same semantic construct

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Sym ymbol bol Ov Over erloa load: d: different constructs are represented by the same symbol (ambiguity)

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Sym ymbol bol Ex Exce cess: s: symbols don’t correspond to semantic constructs

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Sym ymbol bol Def efici cit: t: semantic constructs are not represented by symbols

?

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  • 2. Perceptual Discriminability
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  • 2. Perceptual Discriminability
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  • 2. Perceptual Discriminability
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 Can I get you one of these?

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  • 2. Perceptual Discriminability
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  • 3. Semantic Transparency
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  • 3. Semantic Transparency
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  • 3. Semantic Transparency
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  • 3. Semantic Transparency
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  • 4. Complexity Management
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  • 4. Complexity Management
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  • 4. Complexity Management
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  • 5. Cognitive Integration

Conceptual integration

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  • 5. Cognitive Integration

Perceptual integration

 Orientation  Route choice  Route monitoring  Destination recognition

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  • 6. Visual Expressiveness
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  • 6. Visual Expressiveness
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  • 6. Visual Expressiveness
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  • 6. Visual Expressiveness
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  • 7. Dual Coding

Perceptual Discriminability and Visual Expressiveness say no to text However when we use both, information is encoded in separate systems in working memory and referential connections are strengthened

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  • 7. Dual Coding
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  • 8. Graphic Economy

Everything does not have to be in a diagram! More is not necessarily better.

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  • 9. Cognitive fit

 Know thy audience

  • Novices have trouble recalling multiple symbols
  • Novices have trouble discriminating between

symbols

  • Novices are affected by complexity

 Know thy medium

  • Whiteboard? Paper? Computer program?
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  • 10. Combining principles
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 Conclusions and significance  Visual syntax has been undervalued or

ignored

 Key points:

  • Design goal
  • Descriptive theory
  • Prescriptive theory