Dangerous Goods Transport: Preventing the black spot from becoming - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dangerous Goods Transport: Preventing the black spot from becoming the black hole Transafe Esperance Forum Presenters: Stephen Lane and Henry Zuidersma Dangerous Goods and Petroleum Safety Branch, Department of Mines and Petroleum 1 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Introducing Dangerous Goods Safety • Storage, handling, manufacture • Transport (road and rail) • Explosives • Security sensitive ammonium nitrate • Major hazard facilities 2 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Dangerous goods 3 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Day in the life of a Dangerous Goods Officer… On road enforcement Cylinder filling MPU inspections Tanker transfer 4 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Black spot 5 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Case study – vehicle ANE triple road train similar to photo – Great Northern Highway (Meekatharra) 6 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Case study – environment Fine weather – dusk 7 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Right hand curve in road 8 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Case study – driver Driver: Driven 12 hours Driver: Driven 12 hours Last rest break: 30 minutes earlier Last rest break 30 minutes earlier 9 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Swerved left to avoid oncoming road train that didn’t stop 10 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Actual accident scene 11 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

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Actual submitted report to DMP 14 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Transfer Situation: • Road conditions blamed for accident, yet decant in same spot with road still open and no restrictions? • Great Northern Highway has AN, NaCN, explosives, corrosives, xanthates and diesel tankers • Double, triples and quad combinations operating Controls: • Warning signs? • Speed restrictions? • Emergency Services? • Drag tanker from roadside? • Risk assessment? 15 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

What if this had happened? 16 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Continuous improvement of transport system 17 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Case Study – Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Angellala Creek, Queensland – 5 Sept 2014 . 18 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Angellala Creek, Queensland – 5 Sept 2014 . 19 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Details • Occurred 9 pm on 5 September 2014 • Occurred 30 km south of Charleville, 700 km WNW from Brisbane • Single vehicle accident • Drove off road on approach to bridge • Came to rest in dry creek bed • B-double road train • Carrying 44 X 1.2 tonnes bulka bags of AN 20 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Details (continued) • Driver injured • Vehicle caught alight • 1 hour 15 minutes later mighty explosion • Estimated to be 10 - 15 tonnes TNT equivalent • People attending to driver • No deaths • 8 people injured, some seriously 21 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Properties of ammonium nitrate (AN) • Class 5.1 oxidising agent • UN number 1942 (and UN 2067) • Not classed as explosives • Used as an ingredient in manufacture of explosives • Very stable solid • Salt – corrosive • Very insensitive to shock (as a solid) • Low melting point of 169 ºC • Low decomposition point 250 ºC • Molten AN is shock sensitive 22 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Hazards • Very stable salt • Corrosive (but little immediate effects) • Contaminants affect sensitivity • When molten, becomes shock sensitive • Becomes explosive • Fire is biggest enemy 23 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

How to avoid ‘black spot’ becoming a ‘black hole’ • Know your load • Know the properties of what is transported • Identify hazards • Conduct risk assessment • Have controls to mitigate risk • Later review • These principles apply whatever the load i.e. dangerous goods or non- dangerous goods 24 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Risk assessment flow chart . 25 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Controls to mitigate risk – for AN scenario • Competent driver • Driver alert (not fatigued) • Driver trained for dealing with emergencies • Vehicle roadworthy • Vehicle suitably modified for load • Good communication to base • Good evacuation plan 26 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Controls to mitigate risk – for AN scenario • If fire is biggest enemy: – Reduce combustibles (no belly tanks) – Have firescreens to protect AN (steel trays rather than Al trays) – Battery location – Fire extinguishers (appropriate and adequate such as foam) – Temperature measuring devices on tyres – Periodic checks of load (looking for heat sources) Australian working party looking at this 27 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

AN vehicle fire near Tom Price 23 March 2015 • B double carrying 44 X 1.2 tonnes bags AN • Rear axle fire • Tried extinguishing but unsuccessful • Decoupled prime mover • Good evacuation plan • Set up exclusion zone • Let it burn out overnight • No explosion 28 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Comparisons Can’t really compare but these are positive contributions: • Minimal combustibles • Effective firescreen • Molten AN could flow and did not pool • Good emergency plan 29 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Summary • Know your load • Know the hazards the load presents • What controls are in place • Be emergency prepared • Know credible scenarios and how to deal with those situations. It could be the difference between a “black spot” and a “black hole” 30 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Risks What is As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) for transporting dangerous goods? How do you assess risk of transporting ammonium nitrate emulsion in a road train passing through local town with schools and a hospital? 31 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Acceptance of risk How does your company accept the risk of: • transporting goods A/B/C in approved packagings X/Y/Z • from consignors Curly, Dodgy and Rusty • overpacked as per Procedure P1/2/3 • consolidated by loaders Dick and Harry into Freight Container 1 • with other Portable Tanks PT1 and PT2 • in a triple-trailer configuration driven by Safety Samantha • over a specific pre-determined route • to consignees Mining Magnate and Hardwares R US? 32 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Levels of risk assessment • Qualitative treatment of each aspect of your transport system • Quantitative risk assessment for specific dangerous goods on specific routes • Hazard ID and control • HAZOP for tanker transfers, unloading and loading 33 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

DMP approach to dangerous goods transport risk assessment • Physical hazards - acceptance of package types • Chemical hazards - acceptance of inherent dangerous goods hazards • Operations within the transport system • Emergency response and planning “Dangerous goods transport hazard overview” was published in February 2017 34 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Consolidating dangerous goods loads Consignment Issues • Transport consignment form does not include dangerous goods declaration � consignor offering dangerous goods mistakenly as general freight • Consignment system does not recognise UN No. or dangerous goods classes � no information for transport documentation, segregation or placarding Over packing • Over packing technique with black shrink-wrap obscures incompatible goods � segregation issues 35 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Determining risk How do you determine if the risk is: • Negligible, low, medium, high, extreme • Acceptable or unacceptable to your company? • Controlled or mitigated? 36 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Reviewing risk What determines a review of your risk assessment? • New dangerous good for a consignor? • New packaging for dangerous goods? • New consignee location (new premises) • Incidents affecting container or vehicle integrity? • Incident that injured your employee? • Time? 37 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Resources available on DMP web-site DG transport hazard overview Six Pillars toolbox presentations Self-audit guide for prime contractors http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Dangerous-Goods/What-is- required-for-the-safe-4452.aspx 38 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Whatever approach you take to confronting risks peculiar to your transport operation, do not let the black spot in your business become an all-absorbing, ever-expanding black hole 39 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety

Questions or comments? 40 www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety