Dangerous Goods Transport: Preventing the black spot from becoming - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Dangerous Goods Transport: Preventing the black spot from becoming the black hole Transafe Esperance Forum Presenters: Stephen Lane and Henry Zuidersma Dangerous Goods and Petroleum Safety Branch, Department of Mines and Petroleum 1

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Transafe Esperance Forum

Presenters: Stephen Lane and Henry Zuidersma Dangerous Goods and Petroleum Safety Branch, Department of Mines and Petroleum

Dangerous Goods Transport: Preventing the black spot from becoming the black hole

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Introducing Dangerous Goods Safety

  • Storage, handling,

manufacture

  • Transport (road and

rail)

  • Explosives
  • Security sensitive

ammonium nitrate

  • Major hazard facilities

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Dangerous goods

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Day in the life of a Dangerous Goods Officer…

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On road enforcement Cylinder filling MPU inspections Tanker transfer

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Black spot

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Case study – vehicle

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ANE triple road train similar to photo – Great Northern Highway (Meekatharra)

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Case study – environment

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Fine weather – dusk

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Right hand curve in road

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Case study – driver

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Driver: Driven 12 hours Last rest break 30 minutes earlier Driver: Driven 12 hours Last rest break: 30 minutes earlier

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Swerved left to avoid oncoming road train that didn’t stop

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Actual accident scene

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Actual submitted report to DMP

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Transfer

Situation:

  • Road conditions blamed for accident, yet decant in same spot with

road still open and no restrictions?

  • Great Northern Highway has AN, NaCN, explosives, corrosives,

xanthates and diesel tankers

  • Double, triples and quad combinations operating

Controls:

  • Warning signs?
  • Speed restrictions?
  • Emergency Services?
  • Drag tanker from roadside?
  • Risk assessment?

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What if this had happened?

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Continuous improvement of transport system

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Case Study – Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Angellala Creek, Queensland – 5 Sept 2014

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Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Angellala Creek, Queensland – 5 Sept 2014

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Details

  • Occurred 9 pm on 5 September

2014

  • Occurred 30 km south of

Charleville, 700 km WNW from Brisbane

  • Single vehicle accident
  • Drove off road on approach to

bridge

  • Came to rest in dry creek bed
  • B-double road train
  • Carrying 44 X 1.2 tonnes bulka

bags of AN

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Details (continued)

  • Driver injured
  • Vehicle caught alight
  • 1 hour 15 minutes later mighty

explosion

  • Estimated to be 10 - 15 tonnes

TNT equivalent

  • People attending to driver
  • No deaths
  • 8 people injured, some seriously

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Properties of ammonium nitrate (AN)

  • Class 5.1 oxidising agent
  • UN number 1942 (and UN 2067)
  • Not classed as explosives
  • Used as an ingredient in

manufacture of explosives

  • Very stable solid
  • Salt – corrosive
  • Very insensitive to shock (as a solid)
  • Low melting point of 169 ºC
  • Low decomposition point 250 ºC
  • Molten AN is shock sensitive

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Hazards

  • Very stable salt
  • Corrosive (but little

immediate effects)

  • Contaminants affect

sensitivity

  • When molten, becomes

shock sensitive

  • Becomes explosive
  • Fire is biggest enemy

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How to avoid ‘black spot’ becoming a ‘black hole’

  • Know your load
  • Know the properties of what

is transported

  • Identify hazards
  • Conduct risk assessment
  • Have controls to mitigate risk
  • Later review
  • These principles apply

whatever the load i.e. dangerous goods or non- dangerous goods

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Risk assessment flow chart

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Controls to mitigate risk – for AN scenario

  • Competent driver
  • Driver alert (not fatigued)
  • Driver trained for dealing with

emergencies

  • Vehicle roadworthy
  • Vehicle suitably modified for load
  • Good communication to base
  • Good evacuation plan

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Controls to mitigate risk – for AN scenario

  • If fire is biggest enemy:

– Reduce combustibles (no belly tanks) – Have firescreens to protect AN (steel trays rather than Al trays) – Battery location – Fire extinguishers (appropriate and adequate such as foam) – Temperature measuring devices

  • n tyres

– Periodic checks of load (looking for heat sources) Australian working party looking at this

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AN vehicle fire near Tom Price 23 March 2015

  • B double carrying 44 X

1.2 tonnes bags AN

  • Rear axle fire
  • Tried extinguishing but

unsuccessful

  • Decoupled prime mover
  • Good evacuation plan
  • Set up exclusion zone
  • Let it burn out overnight
  • No explosion

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Comparisons

Can’t really compare but these are positive contributions:

  • Minimal combustibles
  • Effective firescreen
  • Molten AN could flow and

did not pool

  • Good emergency plan

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Summary

  • Know your load
  • Know the hazards the load

presents

  • What controls are in place
  • Be emergency prepared
  • Know credible scenarios

and how to deal with those situations. It could be the difference between a “black spot” and a “black hole”

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Risks

What is As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) for transporting dangerous goods? How do you assess risk of transporting ammonium nitrate emulsion in a road train passing through local town with schools and a hospital?

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Acceptance of risk

How does your company accept the risk of:

  • transporting goods A/B/C in approved packagings X/Y/Z
  • from consignors Curly, Dodgy and Rusty
  • verpacked as per Procedure P1/2/3
  • consolidated by loaders Dick and Harry into Freight Container 1
  • with other Portable Tanks PT1 and PT2
  • in a triple-trailer configuration driven by Safety Samantha
  • ver a specific pre-determined route
  • to consignees Mining Magnate and Hardwares R US?

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Levels of risk assessment

  • Qualitative treatment of each aspect of your transport system
  • Quantitative risk assessment for specific dangerous goods on

specific routes

  • Hazard ID and control
  • HAZOP for tanker transfers, unloading and loading

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DMP approach to dangerous goods transport risk assessment

  • Physical hazards - acceptance of package types
  • Chemical hazards - acceptance of inherent dangerous goods

hazards

  • Operations within the transport system
  • Emergency response and planning

“Dangerous goods transport hazard overview” was published in February 2017

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Consolidating dangerous goods loads

Consignment Issues

  • Transport consignment form does not include dangerous

goods declaration consignor offering dangerous goods mistakenly as general freight

  • Consignment system does not recognise UN No. or

dangerous goods classes no information for transport documentation, segregation or placarding Over packing

  • Over packing technique with black shrink-wrap obscures

incompatible goods segregation issues

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Determining risk

How do you determine if the risk is:

  • Negligible, low, medium, high, extreme
  • Acceptable or unacceptable to your company?
  • Controlled or mitigated?

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Reviewing risk

What determines a review of your risk assessment?

  • New dangerous good for a consignor?
  • New packaging for dangerous goods?
  • New consignee location (new premises)
  • Incidents affecting container or vehicle integrity?
  • Incident that injured your employee?
  • Time?

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Resources available on DMP web-site

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DG transport hazard overview Six Pillars toolbox presentations Self-audit guide for prime contractors http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Dangerous-Goods/What-is- required-for-the-safe-4452.aspx

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Whatever approach you take to confronting risks peculiar to your transport operation, do not let the black spot in your business become an all-absorbing, ever-expanding black hole

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Questions or comments?

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