D-Bus in the Kernel FOSDEM 2014, Brussels, Belgium January 2014 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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D-Bus in the Kernel FOSDEM 2014, Brussels, Belgium January 2014 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 15, 2023 138 likes •1.27k views

D-Bus in the Kernel FOSDEM 2014, Brussels, Belgium January 2014 D-Bus in the Kernel Who? Greg Kroah-Hartman, Daniel Mack, Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers with help from Tejun Heo D-Bus in the Kernel Most newer OS designs started around

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D-Bus in the Kernel

FOSDEM 2014, Brussels, Belgium January 2014

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Who? Greg Kroah-Hartman, Daniel Mack, Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers with help from Tejun Heo

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Most newer OS designs started around powerful IPC Mach, QNX, Hurd, . . . Linux only had IPC primitives (sockets, fifos, shared memory)

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams, Passing of Credentials,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams, Passing of Credentials, File Descriptor Passing,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams, Passing of Credentials, File Descriptor Passing, Language agnostic,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams, Passing of Credentials, File Descriptor Passing, Language agnostic, Network transparency,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams, Passing of Credentials, File Descriptor Passing, Language agnostic, Network transparency, no trust required,

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is powerful IPC Method Call Transactions, Signals, Properties, OO, Broadcasting, Discovery, Introspection, Policy, Activation, Synchronization, Type-safe Marshalling, Security, Monitoring, exposes APIs/not streams, Passing of Credentials, File Descriptor Passing, Language agnostic, Network transparency, no trust required, High-level error

  • concept. . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction)

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping Not available in early boot, initrd, late boot

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping Not available in early boot, initrd, late boot Hookup with security frameworks happens in userspace

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping Not available in early boot, initrd, late boot Hookup with security frameworks happens in userspace Activatable bus services are independent from other system services

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping Not available in early boot, initrd, late boot Hookup with security frameworks happens in userspace Activatable bus services are independent from other system services Codebase is a bit too baroque, XML, . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping Not available in early boot, initrd, late boot Hookup with security frameworks happens in userspace Activatable bus services are independent from other system services Codebase is a bit too baroque, XML, . . . No race-free exit-on-idle bus activated services

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus has limitations Suitable only for control, not payload It’s inefficient (10 copies, 4 complete validations, 4 context switches per duplex method call transaction) Credentials one can send/recv are limited No implicit timestamping Not available in early boot, initrd, late boot Hookup with security frameworks happens in userspace Activatable bus services are independent from other system services Codebase is a bit too baroque, XML, . . . No race-free exit-on-idle bus activated services . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is fantastic, solves real problems

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is fantastic, solves real problems Right approach: good concepts, generic, comprehensive, covers all areas

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is fantastic, solves real problems Right approach: good concepts, generic, comprehensive, covers all areas Established, it’s the single most used local, high-level IPC system

  • n Linux, bindings for most languages

D-Bus in the Kernel

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D-Bus is fantastic, solves real problems Right approach: good concepts, generic, comprehensive, covers all areas Established, it’s the single most used local, high-level IPC system

  • n Linux, bindings for most languages

Used in init system (regardless if systemd or Upstart), the desktops, embedded, . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction)

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . )

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown Open for LSMs to hook into from the kernel side

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown Open for LSMs to hook into from the kernel side Activation is identical to activation of other services

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown Open for LSMs to hook into from the kernel side Activation is identical to activation of other services Userspace is much simpler, no XML, . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown Open for LSMs to hook into from the kernel side Activation is identical to activation of other services Userspace is much simpler, no XML, . . . Priority queues, . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown Open for LSMs to hook into from the kernel side Activation is identical to activation of other services Userspace is much simpler, no XML, . . . Priority queues, . . . Race-free exit-on-idle for bus activated services

D-Bus in the Kernel

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kdbus Suitable for large data (GiB!), zero-copy, optionally reusable It’s efficient (2 or fewer copies, 2 validations, 2 context switches per duplex methd call transaction) Credentials sent along are comprehensive (uid, pid, gid, selinux label, pid starttime, tid, comm, tid comm, argv, exe, cgroup, caps, audit, . . . ) Implicit timestamping Always available, from earliest boot to latest shutdown Open for LSMs to hook into from the kernel side Activation is identical to activation of other services Userspace is much simpler, no XML, . . . Priority queues, . . . Race-free exit-on-idle for bus activated services . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Overview

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Overview Receiver buffers

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Overview Receiver buffers Single copy to destination(s)

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Overview Receiver buffers Single copy to destination(s) Method call windows

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Overview Receiver buffers Single copy to destination(s) Method call windows Name registry

D-Bus in the Kernel

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memfds

D-Bus in the Kernel

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memfds File descriptors for memory regions

D-Bus in the Kernel

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memfds File descriptors for memory regions Zero Copy!

D-Bus in the Kernel

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memfds File descriptors for memory regions Zero Copy! Sealing

D-Bus in the Kernel

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memfds File descriptors for memory regions Zero Copy! Sealing At 512K zero copy is faster than single copy

D-Bus in the Kernel

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memfds File descriptors for memory regions Zero Copy! Sealing At 512K zero copy is faster than single copy (a bit like Android ashmem)

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Signal Broadcasting

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Signal Broadcasting Bloom Filters

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Signal Broadcasting Bloom Filters Every broadcast message includes bloom filter (calculated by sender) that contains all supported matches, kernel will then simply check receiver bloom filter mask (calculated by receiver) against it.

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Signal Broadcasting Bloom Filters Every broadcast message includes bloom filter (calculated by sender) that contains all supported matches, kernel will then simply check receiver bloom filter mask (calculated by receiver) against it. Bloom filter uses SipHash, but kernel doesn’t care

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Policy:

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Policy: No XML, only simple ACL policy attached to service names

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Policy: No XML, only simple ACL policy attached to service names More fine-grained access control needs to be done in userspace, but it’s much easier

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Policy: No XML, only simple ACL policy attached to service names More fine-grained access control needs to be done in userspace, but it’s much easier Use capability checks!

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Policy: No XML, only simple ACL policy attached to service names More fine-grained access control needs to be done in userspace, but it’s much easier Use capability checks! PolicyKit

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Differences in Userspace:

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Differences in Userspace: GVariant used for marshalling (O(1) random access to struct and array fields)

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Differences in Userspace: GVariant used for marshalling (O(1) random access to struct and array fields) Setup, activation, policy management, driver, proxy lives in systemd

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Differences in Userspace: GVariant used for marshalling (O(1) random access to struct and array fields) Setup, activation, policy management, driver, proxy lives in systemd New libsystemd-bus client library: waaaaay nicer to use – but not portable to non-Linux

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Proxy: provides compatibility with dbus1 sockets

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Proxy: provides compatibility with dbus1 sockets Synthesizes obsolete AcquiredName, LostName, Hello messages

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Proxy: provides compatibility with dbus1 sockets Synthesizes obsolete AcquiredName, LostName, Hello messages Implements XML policy

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Proxy: provides compatibility with dbus1 sockets Synthesizes obsolete AcquiredName, LostName, Hello messages Implements XML policy Activated on demand, exits on idle

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Proxy: provides compatibility with dbus1 sockets Synthesizes obsolete AcquiredName, LostName, Hello messages Implements XML policy Activated on demand, exits on idle Remarshals gvariant/dbus1

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Driver: translates driver method calls into ioctl calls

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Driver: translates driver method calls into ioctl calls

  • rg.freedesktop.DBus pseudo-service is a real service on kdbus

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Driver: translates driver method calls into ioctl calls

  • rg.freedesktop.DBus pseudo-service is a real service on kdbus

Note that driver signals are synthesized on client side, so the driver

  • nly handles method calls

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Driver: translates driver method calls into ioctl calls

  • rg.freedesktop.DBus pseudo-service is a real service on kdbus

Note that driver signals are synthesized on client side, so the driver

  • nly handles method calls

Activated on demand, exits on idle

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Activation: new .busname unit type in systemd

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Activation: new .busname unit type in systemd Identical to .socket unit types for socket activation

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Activation: new .busname unit type in systemd Identical to .socket unit types for socket activation dbus1 bus activation files still supported, but only for clients connecting via the proxy

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings Handles introspection, signal dispatching, method vtables, properties, object manager

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings Handles introspection, signal dispatching, method vtables, properties, object manager Lots of convenience functions

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings Handles introspection, signal dispatching, method vtables, properties, object manager Lots of convenience functions Focus on converting errno from/to bus errors

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings Handles introspection, signal dispatching, method vtables, properties, object manager Lots of convenience functions Focus on converting errno from/to bus errors Connect to container, connect to remote

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings Handles introspection, signal dispatching, method vtables, properties, object manager Lots of convenience functions Focus on converting errno from/to bus errors Connect to container, connect to remote Credentials include units, slices, sessions, . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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libsystemd-bus New client library, designed to be easy to use Not portable to non-Linux Assemble and parse messages with format strings Handles introspection, signal dispatching, method vtables, properties, object manager Lots of convenience functions Focus on converting errno from/to bus errors Connect to container, connect to remote Credentials include units, slices, sessions, . . . It’s probably what you want to use when you hack on system level software, and up

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Android binder

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Android binder Some similar technical concepts, different semantics

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Android binder Some similar technical concepts, different semantics No name registry, no broadcasts, no ordering

D-Bus in the Kernel

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When?

D-Bus in the Kernel

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When? It’s all in kdbus git, and systemd git, now!

D-Bus in the Kernel

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When? It’s all in kdbus git, and systemd git, now! Compile-time switch in systemd

D-Bus in the Kernel

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When? It’s all in kdbus git, and systemd git, now! Compile-time switch in systemd We hope to get kdbus reviewed and accepted into the kernel in 2014

D-Bus in the Kernel

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When? It’s all in kdbus git, and systemd git, now! Compile-time switch in systemd We hope to get kdbus reviewed and accepted into the kernel in 2014 gdbus support coming soon, also libdbus1 support

D-Bus in the Kernel

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When? It’s all in kdbus git, and systemd git, now! Compile-time switch in systemd We hope to get kdbus reviewed and accepted into the kernel in 2014 gdbus support coming soon, also libdbus1 support Google for git repos!

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Outlook

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Outlook Sandboxing

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Outlook Sandboxing Yielding CPU time to destination

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Outlook Sandboxing Yielding CPU time to destination Priority inheritance

D-Bus in the Kernel

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Outlook Sandboxing Yielding CPU time to destination Priority inheritance Priority queues . . .

D-Bus in the Kernel

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That’s all, folks!

D-Bus in the Kernel