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CYPRUS 20 16 4 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management An approach to islands' self-contained waste m anagem ent system with the goal of m axim izing the recovery while lim iting transportation costs Authors

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An approach to islands' self-contained waste m anagem ent system with the goal of m axim izing the recovery while lim iting transportation costs

Authors

  • Nicosia F.G.
  • Luciano A.
  • Viotti P.
  • Fino D.
  • Mancini G.

CYPRUS 20 16 4thInternational Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Lim a ssol, Cy p rus June 23 th 20 16

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Waste management approach in each country

  • f Europe
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Waste management approach in regions

  • f Italy

Landill WTE plants Recycling

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Landfills in in use Sicily before the state of em ergency was declared in 1999

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Landfills in use in 20 0 2

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Main objective in Sicily TO DRAMATICALLY REDUCE THE PERCENTAGE OF WASTE DISPOSAL INTO LANDFILL Developm ent of facilities

Many of these landfill are alm ost full

ARPA 2010

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Large mechanical/biological waste treatment plants

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Poor results from mechanical separation

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il recupero di materia da TMB su indifferenziato

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Frazione umida da TMB su indifferenziato the regional government

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The current opinion of regional government: .......shipping the waste abroad

....and of course going on with landfill disposal

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The national government VS the regional goverment:

Sicily must increase recovery and have 2 WTE plants, one in Catania and one in Palermo 5 or 6 “small” gasification plants close to the existing landfills to reduce transportation costs and impact on the traffic

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best combination of typology and location of waste facilities

  • ptimal assignment of waste flows,

reduce the operation costs and the environmental impacts

  • f transportation.

Goals

Regional waste management system Critical component Transportation Complexity of the system Analytical/simulation tools

?

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  • Area = 25,711 km 2
  • Population = 5,0 45,176 inhabitants
  • Density = 196.23 inh/ km²
  • MSW production = about 2,727,570 t/ year
  • MSW production per capita = 520 kg/ capita/ year

Dominant solution for MSW disposal Landfills (about 90 %)

Starting from these data

1 4

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100.000 200.000 300.000 400.000 500.000 600.000 700.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Distribuzione della popolazione nei comuni della Sicilia

Distribution sicilian population

Palermo Catania Messina

Size is important

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Main cities Palermo - Catania - Messina Sm all towns

METHODOLOGY Hypothesis for the integrated waste m anagem ent scenarios in Sicily

Popoulation 1,315,000 inhabitants Waste 710,250 tons/ y Popoulation 3,736,000 inhabitants Waste 2,017,320 tons/ y

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Percentage of recovery for waste category in large cities and small towns.

METHODOLOGY Hypothesis for the integrated waste m anagem ent scenarios in Sicily

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Five scenarios for waste management in the region were proposed in order to investigate the related environmental and economic transportation costs. A recovery rate equal to 50 % of the total waste produced (50 %MSW) in Sicily (about 1,300,000 tons/ y) was considered for all the scenarios, in an optimistic management prospective characterized by high rates of waste collection in the small towns.

METHODOLOGY Hypothesis for the integrated waste m anagem ent scenarios in Sicily

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Scenario 1

50% of MSW Mechanical Biological Treatment Landfills (n. 14)

METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily

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METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily

Scenario 2 50% of MSW Large Incinerators (n. 4)

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The unbelievable transport model

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METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily

Scenario 3

50% of MSW Mechanical Biological Treatment RDF in cement plants (n. 5)

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METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily

Scenario 4

50% of MSW Mechanical Biological Treatment RDF in cement plants (n. 5) + gasifiers (n. 3)

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METHODOLOGY Hypothesis of integrated waste m anagem ent in Sicily

Scenario 5 50% of MSW Large Incinerators (n. 3)

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The procedure is based on a mathematical model running within a GIS software platform , able to include all relevant socio-economic and territorial data. TransCad was used to develop a model that:

  • combines GIS

and transportation m odeling capabilities in a single integrated platform;

  • can create and customize maps, build and maintain geographic data sets, and

perform many different types of spatial analysis.

METHODOLOGY

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METHODOLOGY Zoning

26 MACRO ZONES

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Network

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METHODOLOGY

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METHODOLOGY

“Minim um -cost flow ” “Fa cility loca tion”

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CTr = Cf + Ct + Cpt + Ctm CTr = Cost of transportation Cf = Fuel Cost Ct = Tires Cost Cpt = Property Tax Ctm = Truck Maintenance Costs Using the above specific costs and assuming and average speeds of 30 km/ h in the urban road network and 55 km/ h in the extra-urban road network, a unit transportation cost of 0.11 €/ ton-km was estimated.

METHODOLOGY Definition of transportation cost

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Total Cost: 7,951 €/ day

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 1

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Total Cost: 14,689 €/ day

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 2

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Total Cost: 11,992 €/ day

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 3a (1/ 2)

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Total Cost: 9,529 €/ day

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 3b (2/ 2)

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Total Cost: 11,992 €/ day

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 4a (1/ 2)

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Total Cost: 3,049 €/ day

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 4b (2/ 2)

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Total Cost: 15,203 €

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Scenario 5

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three critical sections of the road network in Sicily

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scenario 1: 63 truck/ day lower number of “truck per day” less impacting on traffic do not fulfill European Union guidelines

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Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scenario 2: 77 truck/ day low impact on traffic flow not accepted by public opinion

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Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scenario 3: 112 truck/ day the higher impact on traffic flow the more cost-effective than the other scenarios

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Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scenario 4: 8 6 truck/ day the impact on traffic flow drops considerably

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Comparison of the number of truck/ day due to the waste transportation in three critical sections of road network in Sicily for all the investigated scenarios

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scenario 5: 10 3 truck/ day Traffic flows moderately high

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To eliminate the costs to build up incinerators (scenarios 2 and 5), scenarios 3 and 4 are the more suitable. In particular scenario 4 , consisting into addressing and treating the remaining 50% of MSW in five MBT plants and the RDF, here produced, then disposed to the existing cement plants in Sicily and in three gasifier (located in Palermo, Catania and Milazzo), is the least impacting on the road traffic. However transportation costs and impacts issues appears to be less important if

  • ther factors (energy efficiency, emissions, overall costs) are included in a holistic

evaluation of the future waste management in Sicily. Scenario 5 gain importance. Transportation issues are not so critical com pared to treatm ent and disposal issues

SOME CONCLUSIONS

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Landfill

Mechanical separation Dry waste WASTE wastewater sludge CO2 CH4 Water bodies pollution Air pollution

WWTP

the unsustainable present

“Organic” waste

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Organic waste from separate collection

Residual waste

wastewaters sludge

Bio-methane production Heat recovery Electricity Ash recovery Heat recovery Farms’ residues Food processing industry residues

Anaerobic co-digeston

compost

recycling

Wastewater treatment

The sustainable future???

WWTP

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Last news from Italy

The Italian political landscape was reshaped this month as two candidates from the anti-establishment Five Star Movement (M5S) were elected to lead the cities of Rome and Turin, presenting a direct challenge to the centre-left prime minister, Matteo Renzi. The same happened in all the runoff ballots in Sicily Italy’s Five Star Movement now has to translate protest into problem-solving

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North of Italy (Verona)

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North of Italy (Verona)

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Sicily (large cities)... Catania

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Sicily (large cities)... Catania

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Sicily (large cities)... Catania

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Sicily (large cities)... Catania

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Sicily (large cities)... Catania

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Sicily (large cities)... Catania

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The everlasting Match: Incineration Versus Recycling

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Ignorance and rigidity cause..... zero discussion

Incinirators? NEVER WTE or death….Your death Zero waste Zero brain

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“miraculous” solutions..... for urban wastes???....in Sicily????

Molecular dissociation

pyrolisis

gasification ....and why not plasma??

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carnera

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The risks for the region

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The risks for the region

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Thanks for your attention Separate waste collection in Castelbuono (Sicily)