Alternative Sewage Sludge Management Routes in Cyprus CYPRUS 2016 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Alternative Sewage Sludge Management Routes in Cyprus CYPRUS 2016 4th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Limassol, 2325 June 2016 Angeliki Kylili, MSc, Frederick University, Cyprus Paris Fokaides, PhD, Frederick

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Alternative Sewage Sludge Management Routes in Cyprus

CYPRUS 2016 4th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Limassol, 23–25 June 2016 Angeliki Kylili, MSc, Frederick University, Cyprus Paris Fokaides, PhD, Frederick University, Cyprus Demetris Nicolaides , PhD, Frederick University, Cyprus Polycarpos Polycarpou, PhD, Agricultural Research Institute, Cyprus Panayiotis Dalias, PhD, Agricultural Research Institute, Cyprus

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Presentation Content

1. Study Motivation
2. Theoretical Background
3. Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions

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1. S

tudy Motivation

Sewage sludge: by-product of the treatment

process of wastewater

One of the most challenging problems of

environmental control

Existing practices for the disposal of sewage

sludge are seen as insufficient and/ or harmful for the natural environment

Alternative practices, which are

environmentally viable and perform better in terms of sustainability

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1. S

tudy Motivation

Key objectives

Demonstrate the environmental performance of treating sewage

sludge for biogas and agricultural use for the case of Cyprus

Implement Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the potential

environmental benefits of the defined sewage sludge treatment system

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2. Theoretical Background

– S ewage sludge

Available routes and process

systems for the treatment of sewage sludge permit the recovery of valuable minerals and energy from a hazardous waste

Figure 1 Sewage sludge treatm ent scenarios (Xu et al., 20 14)

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2. Theoretical Background - LCA

Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product/ system throughout its life cycle Assists in

identify opportunities
inform decision-makers
select relevant indicators of

environmental performance

marketing

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2. Theoretical Background - LCA

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3. Methodology – S

cope Definition

Management route (system) under investigation:

Treatment of sewage sludge for biogas and agricultural use for the case of Cyprus

Scope:

Definition of the environmental performance of the defined sewage sludge treatment system (gate-to-gate)

Functional unit:

1 tonne of sewage sludge dry solids

System boundaries:

Product manufacturing (Gravity thickening, Anaerobic Digestion, Drying)

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3. Methodology

– S cope Definition

Figure 2 System boundaries of sewage sludge treatm ent for biogas and agricultural use for the case of Cyprus (Xu et al., 20 14)

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3. Methodology – S

cope Definition

Figure 2 Process and system boundaries of sewage sludge treatm ent for biogas and agricultural use system (GaBi software)

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3. Methodology - LCI

System Processes Inputs Am ount Units Outputs Am ount Units 01. Gravity Thickening Sewage sludge 1000 kg Sewage sludge 1000 kg PAM 4 kg Wastewater 3,56 m 3 Electricity 39,5 kWh 02. Anaerobic Digestion Sewage sludge 1000 kg Sewage sludge 600 kg Electricity 153,85 kWh Wastewater 3,56 m 3 Electricity Regeneration 615,38 kWh Energy Regeneration 12500 MJ 3. Drying Sewage sludge 600 kg Sewage sludge (treated, dry) 600 kg Electricity 39 kWh Energy 1530 MJ

Table 1 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of sewage sludge treatm ent for biogas and agricultural use system (Xu et al., 20 14)

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4. Results and Discussion

Environmental impact categories - CML 2001 methodology:

Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years),
Acidification Potential (AP),
Eutrophication Potential (EP),
Ozone layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state),
Resource Depletion, Mineral, Fossil, and Renewable (ADP elements &

fossil),

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)

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4. Results and Discussion - LCIA

Table 2 Life Cycle Im pact Assessm ent (LCIA) results of sewage sludge treatm ent for biogas and agricultural use system

System Processes Environm ental Im pact Categories GWP [kg CO2- Equiv.] AP [kg SO2- Equiv.] ODP [kg R11- Equiv.] ADP Elements [kg Sb-Equiv.] ADP Fossils [MJ] POCP [kg Ethene- Equiv.] 0 1. Gravity Thickening (Electricity Consum ption) 34,31 0,29 0,04 0,15 435,87 0,02 0 1. Gravity Thickening (PAM Manufacturing) 133,65 1,13 0,14 0,58 1697,70 0,06 0 2. Anaerobic Digestion (Electricity Consum ption) 21,45 0,06 3,11 0,50 448,97 0,01 TOTAL 189,42 1,48 3,29 1,23 2582,54 0,08

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4. Results and Discussion - Interpretation

1. GWP: Total of 190 kg of CO2- equivalent, of which the 70% is attributed to the polymer production, followed by electricity consumption in the GT and AD stages respectively

2. AP and POCP: Polymer production represents the 75% of the total
impact. Energy demand for gravity thickening is responsible for the 20%
f the total impact for the AP and the 25% for the POCP categories
3. ODP: Required electricity for the AD stage is the main contributor of the

impact with 3.11 kg of R-11 equivalent, ie. 95% contribution

4. ADP: Polymer production represents the 47% of the total for the ADP

elements and 65% for the ADP fossils categories. Significant contribution of the AD stage in the ADP elements category, ie. 40% contribution

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4. Results and Discussion - Interpretation
5. Drying stage: Utilises electricity and energy generated by the biogas in

the previous stages, thus appears to have no contribution. Drying does not always require an additional supply of energy and therefore carries no extra costs in sewage sludge treatment management (Cieslik et al., 2015)

6. Non- renewable energy consumption: The treatment of 1 tonne of

sewage sludge dry solids consumes a total of 2890 MJ, of which 80MJ are sourced from renewable energy resources

7. Carbon dioxide emissions: The treatment of 1 tonne of sewage sludge

dry solids emits 183 kg of CO2. Environmentally superior than conventional fuels, given that the combustion of 1 tonne of conventional fuels emits 3.1 tonnes of CO2.

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5. Conclusions
The treatment of sewage sludge for energy generation and agricultural

use is an environmentally viable and sustainable solution for the final disposal of a toxic and difficult to handle waste material

The LCA revealed indicative figures of the potential of sewage sludge

treatment, and significant influential factors

the system’s environmental impact, ie. use of coagulation agents

This work provides a drive for further research in sewage sludge

environmental management and treatment in Cyprus for both the local scientific community and the relevant decision- makers

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Alternative Sewage Sludge Management Routes in Cyprus

CYPRUS 2016 4th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Limassol, 23–25 June 2016 Angeliki Kylili, MSc, Frederick University, Cyprus Paris Fokaides, PhD, Frederick University, Cyprus Demetris Nicolaides , PhD, Frederick University, Cyprus Polycarpos Polycarpou, PhD, Agricultural Research Institute, Cyprus Panayiotis Dalias, PhD, Agricultural Research Institute, Cyprus