CURRENT LIMITATIONS FOR CARBON RELEASE FROM WATERSHEDS OF CENTRAL - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CURRENT LIMITATIONS FOR CARBON RELEASE FROM WATERSHEDS OF CENTRAL - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CURRENT LIMITATIONS FOR CARBON RELEASE FROM WATERSHEDS OF CENTRAL SIBERIAN PLATFORM Anatoly PROKUSHKIN*, Oleg POKROVSKY**, Mikhail KORETS*, William H. McDOWELL*** *VN Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, RF **LMTG-CNRS, Toulouse,

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CURRENT LIMITATIONS FOR CARBON RELEASE FROM WATERSHEDS OF CENTRAL SIBERIAN PLATFORM

Anatoly PROKUSHKIN*, Oleg POKROVSKY**, Mikhail KORETS*, William

  • H. McDOWELL***

*VN Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, RF **LMTG-CNRS, Toulouse, France ***University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA prokushkin@ksc.krasn.ru

ENVIROMIS-2010, Tomsk, July 7, 2010

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  • The Arctic drainage basin (~24 × 106 km2) processes about 11% of global

runoff (Lammers et al. 2001) and 13% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (Raymond et al. 2007). 17-42 Tg

  • Arctic and subarctic regions demonstrate most significant changes during

last decades which include northward shifts of vegetation, declining permafrost and increased river discharge (Serreze et al., 2000; Kharuk et al., 2005; Peterson et al., 2002; Schuur et al., 2008).

  • However, differences in geomorphology, hydrology, permafrost regime, soil

types and vegetation among basins of Eurasian rivers exert uncertainty in

  • verall response of hydrologic C export under global warming. In particular,

largest Siberian rivers from west to east (Ob’, Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma) demonstrates drastic diversity in watershed properties, and their reaction to climate change remain poorly understood.

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Permafrost

10% 60% 100%

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Large Arctic river discharge and C export

DOC export, gC/m2/a Ob’ 0.99-1.01 Yenisey 1.15-2.23 Lena 1.19-2.34

Dittmar T, Kattner G (2003) Raymond et al. (2007)

http://www.r-arcticnet.sr.unh.edu/v4.0/index.html

Tg/a PARTNERS and current program by University of Boulder, CO

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Among subarctic basins least attention was paid to the vast area of traps of Siberian platform (approximately 1,500,000 km2). The Nizhnyaya Tunguska River and its major tributary the Kochechum River draining “south” and “north” of Siberian platform provide unique opportunity for studying responses of carbon and other elements fluxes in permafrost landscapes to global warming due to almost monolithologic terrains with negligible human activity (Pokrovsky et al., 2005). The purpose of this study was dual: 1) to fill the gap in our knowledge about riverine export

  • f dissolved C from basaltic watersheds in Central Siberia underlain by permafrost and 2)

estimate potential changes of terrestrial carbon export induced by global warming.

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SLIDE 6

Nizhnyaya Tunguska basin

  • N. Tunguska River at Tura –

Southern part of watershed Kochechum River at Tura – Northern part of watershed

Kochechum River

  • N. Tunguska River

Tura research station

Carbon density map…

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SLIDE 7

River basin characteristics

Table 2

ERBOGACEN 61.30N 1936-2008 24817 108.00E 59

  • 6,9

333,0 Tura 64.17N 1939-2008 24507 100.07E 78

  • 9,0

369,9 Tembenchi 64.57N 1967-1993 23499 98.51E 20

  • 11,5

459,4 Latitude Longitude MAT, oC MAP, mm Station name and WMO ID: Period of record entire years

Table 1

Station 1939-1995 2006 2007 2008 2009 Nizhnyaya Tunguska 6623 61.30 N 108.00 E 77400 121

  • 64.15 N

100.15 E 64.95 N 98.80 E 493 Specific runoff, mm 190 421 227 348 291 349 268000 Tembenchi 6629 355 495 18900 Sampling site Latitude Longitude Drainage area, km2 Nizhnyaya Tunguska 6625 192

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Vegetation classes (GLC 2000)

Kochechum

  • N. ¡Tunguska

Tundra, ¡% 34.5 1.6 Dark ¡coniferous ¡evergreen ¡forests, ¡% 0.03 8.3 Larch ¡forests, ¡% 61.9 79.3 Deciduous ¡forests, ¡% 0.0 4.9 Peatlands, ¡% 0.8 1.7 Recent ¡burns, ¡% 0.2 1.1 Total ¡area, ¡% 97.2 95.8

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Annual river discharge

Tembenchi (Tembenchi)

y = 0,0284x - 47,758 R2 = 0,1134 3 6 9 12 15 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Discharge (km3/y)

Peterson et al., 2002

  • N. Tunguska (Yerbogachen)

y = -0,0338x + 75,875 R2 = 0,0593

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Years Discharge (km3/y)

  • N. Tunguska (Tura)

y = 0,3559x - 648,51 R

2 = 0,3472

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Discharge (km3/y)

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Seasonal discharge patterns

  • N. Tunguska (Tura)

y = 0,2389x - 435,88 R2 = 0,3873 10 20 30 40 50 60 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Discharge (km3/y)

Snowmelt (May-June) Summer-fall (July-October)

  • N. Tunguska (Tura)

y = 0,1435x - 265,38 R

2 = 0,1143

10 20 30 40 50 60 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Discharge (km3/y)

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SLIDE 11

River discharge (2006-2009)

  • 27
  • 25
  • 23
  • 21
  • 19
  • 17
  • 15

19.09.08 18.11.08 17.01.09 18.03.09 17.05.09 16.07.09 14.09.09 Date (dd.mm.yy)

18O (pro mille)

Kochechum Tunguska

Nizhnyaya Tunguska

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 DOY Discharge, m3/s 2006 2007 2008 2009

Kochechum

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 DOY Discharge (m3/s) 2006 2007 2008 2009

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Discharge and C concentration peaks

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 25.10.2005 02.07.2006 09.03.2007 14.11.2007 21.07.2008 28.03.2009 03.12.2009 Date Q (m3/s) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 DOC and DIC (mgC/l)

  • N. Tunguska

Kochechum

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 25.10.2005 02.07.2006 09.03.2007 14.11.2007 21.07.2008 28.03.2009 03.12.2009 Date Q (m3/s) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 DOC and DIC (mgC/l) Q DIC DOC

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C export by Tunguska

y = 21,146x1,2036 R2 = 0,996 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 Discharge (km3 d-1) Carbon flux (Gg d

  • 1)

DOC DIC

y = 27,384x R2 = 0,9893 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 Discharge (km3 d-1) Carbon flux (Gg d

  • 1)
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C export by Kochechum

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 Discharge (km3/day) DOC export (Gg/day) snowmelt Summer-fall y = 14,671x

0,9799

R2 = 0,9843 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 Discharge (km3/d) Export (GgC/d)

Southern part of watershed exports more Corg, suggesting C limitation in Putorana plateau

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Annual riverine C export normalized to specific runoff

y = 0,0184x R2 = 0,9529 y = 0,0115x R2 = 0,9508

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Annuaul river discharge (km3) Riverine C flux (gC/m

2)

DOC DIC

y = 0,0092x R2 = 0,9764 y = 0,0042x R2 = 0,7122 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Specific runoff (mm) Riverine C flux (gC/m 2)

DOC DIC

Water limitation of Corg export from both watersheds Tunguska Kochechum

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Seasonal pattern

y = 0,0052x + 1,1816 R2 = 0,9071 y = 0,0117x - 0,5618 R2 = 0,9958

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Specific runoff (mm) Riverine C flux (gC/m

2)

Snowmelt Summer-fall

Tunguska Kochechum

y = 0,0161x - 0,1078 R2 = 0,9976 y = 0,0112x + 1,5486 R2 = 0,9869

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Specific runoff (mm) Riverine C flux (gC/m

2)

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SLIDE 17

20 40 60 80 50 100 150 200 250

Water yield (mm) DOC Yield (mmol C m-2)

100 Winter Summer through Autumn Spring

Seasonal DOC Yields of Yukon Sub-basins

Striegl et al., WRR, 2007

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Other important C species in river water

y = 0,0038x R2 = 0,5867 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 1000 10000 100000 Discharge (m3/s) RSM (mg/l)

Corg=2% Corg=8% Current student works pCO2 POC

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Active Layer

Permafrost

Soil DOC Respiration DIC export to river DOC export to river

CO2

Active Layer (Increased depth and duration)

Permafrost

Thawed Permafrost Soil DOC Respiration Increased DIC export to river No change

  • r decreased

DOC export to river

Increased CO2

Soil DOC Active Layer (Increased depth and duration)

Permafrost

Thawed Permafrost Soil DOC Respiration DIC export to river Increased DOC export to river

CO2

Soil DOC Striegl et al., GRL, 2005

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River basins draining Siberian platform demonstrate significant potential to increase the release of terrestrial carbon to the Arctic Ocean. Increased hydrological C losses are projected through:

  • (i) enhancement of temperature-controlled DOC, DIC, POC and CO2

production processes within watersheds;

  • (ii) raised precipitation, thereby increasing C mobilization from organic-rich

layers;

  • (iii) introduction of a new source of C as vegetation shift northward and
  • (iv) release of old C from degrading permafrost (likely less important in

mountainous region like Putorana Plateau) . Conclusions

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Acknowledgements

  • Authors thank stuff of Tura research station and personally Sergey

Tenishev for their profound help with field sampling throughout the year. Especially under -55oC… The researches are supported by ongoing RFBR- CNRS and the RFBR-CRDF Joint projects. A. Prokushkin greatly acknowledges annual support provided by Siberian Branch of Russian of Academy of Sciences to Tura research station.

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Thank you for your attention!