CS 598: Advanced Internet Brighten Godfrey pbg@illinois.edu Fall - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CS 598: Advanced Internet

Brighten Godfrey pbg@illinois.edu Fall 2009

1 Tuesday, August 25, 2009

Today

Internet History Course Overview What’s Next

2 Tuesday, August 25, 2009

This course

• is instructed by Brighten Godfrey (pbg@illinois.edu, 3128

Siebel)

• takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30 - 4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel
• comes with FREE office hours: currently, Fri 10:30-11:30am

(we’ll reselect in a week or two) and by appointment

• has a web site: http://www.cs.illinois.edu/homes/pbg/

courses/cs598fa09/

3 Tuesday, August 25, 2009

Your Instructor

• Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, Spring 2009, advised by Ion Stoica
• Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of

distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity

• Research interests: Design of highly reliable, flexible, and

efficient networked systems, algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems. Currently Internet and routing architectures.

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Course Goals

• Learn how the Internet works; how the

Internet fails to work; new research re- envisioning the architecture and attacking new problems

• Experience in networking research, and how

to read, criticize and present papers

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Major topics

• Classic Architecture
• Congestion Control
• Routing
• Security
• Measurement
• New Internet Architectures
• Recent Topics (Overlay/P2P,

DTN, data center)

Big Challenges Scale Reliability Independence Selfishness Maliciousness

Classic & recent, Design & analysis

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Requirements & Grading

• Project (50%)
• Paper reviews (15%)
• Paper presentations (20%)
• Class participation (15%)

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• 1. Class project
• Goal: research project that could be

developed into a conference submission

• Work alone or in groups of two
• Next lecture: Project ideas. Pick one or use

your own.

• Steps: (1) topic approval, (2) midterm

presentation, (3) final poster presentation, (4) final paper

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• 2. Paper reviews
• Generally two papers per lecture
• Before class, you read them and email me

comments (Subject: “CS598 Paper Review”)

• For each paper, one-paragraph review,

including at least 2 criticisms

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• 2. Paper reviews

Examples of acceptable comments

• This piece of the system could have been designed better

by doing __, because __.

• The system won’t work as claimed because...
• A drawback/benefit not described in the paper is ___.

Examples of unacceptable comments

• Repeating statements in paper abstract
• Spelling mistakes
• Personal remarks

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• 3. Paper presentation
• 20-25 minute presentation including key

concepts / techniques / results and your criticism

• 10-15 minutes of discussion during/after
• At least 2 days before it happens, meet with

me to show me your presentation

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• 4. Class participation
• Comment, question, interact!

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Today

Internet History Course Overview What’s Next

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Visions

• Vannevar Bush, “As we may

think” (1945): memex

• J. C. R. Licklider (1962): “Galactic

Network”

• Concept of a global network of

computers connecting people with data and programs

• First head of DARPA computer

research, October 1962 Bush Licklider

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Circuit switching

1920s 1967

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1961-64: Packet switching

Circuit Switching Datagram packet switching

Physical channel carrying stream of data from source to destination Message broken into short packets, each handled separately Three phase: setup, data transfer, tear-down One operation: send packet Data transfer involves no routing Packets stored (queued) in each router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor

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• Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of

packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis (1961-63) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing

• Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND),

Donald Davies (National Physical Labratories, UK) Kleinrock Baran

1961-64: Packet switching

Circuit switching Time Packet switching Time

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1965: First computer network

• Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill

connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA

• ARPA-funded project
• Connected with telephone line – it

works, but it’s inefficient and expensive – confirming motivation for packet switching

Roberts

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The ARPANET begins

• Roberts joins DARPA (1966),

publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967)

• December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and

Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor

• September 1969: BBN delivers first

IMP to Kleinrock’s lab at UCLA An older Kleinrock with the first IMP

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ARPANET comes alive

Stanford Research Institute (SRI)

“LO”

Oct 29, 1969 UCLA

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ARPANET grows

• Dec 1970:

ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP)

• 1971: Telnet, FTP
• 1972: Email (Ray

Tomlinson, BBN)

• 1979: USENET

ARPANET, April 1971

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ARPANET to Internet

• Meanwhile, other networks such as

PRnet, SATNET deveoped

• May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert
• E. Kahn present first paper on

interconnecting networks

• Concept of connecting diverse

networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing, ...

• Became TCP/IP

Kahn Cerf

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TCP/IP deployment

• TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by

groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL

• David Clark implements it on Xerox

Alto and IBM PC

• 1982: International Organization for

Standards (ISO) releases Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model

• January 1, 1983: “Flag Day” NCP to

TCP/IP transition on ARPANET

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

OSI Reference Model’s layers

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Growth brings change

• Early 1980s: Many new

networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA), ...

• Nov 1983: DNS developed by

Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN)

• 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP

and IGP (later to become eBGP and iBGP) Postel Partridge Mockapetris

25 Tuesday, August 25, 2009

Growth from Ethernet

• Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and
• D. Boggs, July 1976
• Spanning Tree protocol:

Radia Perlman, 1985

• Made local area networking

easy Metcalfe Perlman

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NSFNET

• 1984: NSFNET for US higher education
• Serve many users, not just one field
• Encourage development of private

infrastructure (e.g., initially, backbone required to be used for Research and Education)

• Stimulated investment in

commercial long-haul networks

• 1990: ARPANET ends
• 1995: NSFNET decommissioned

NSFNET backbone, 1992

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The “hourglass” model

IP

TCP UDP HTTP VoIP FTP

P2P Email ... Web

Ethernet NTP ... ...

Copper Fiber Radio ...

Innovation! Simple, flexible standard “language of the internet” Innovation!

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Explosive growth!

In hosts

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Explosive growth!

In networks

Internet forwarding table size [Huston ’09] Year (Colors correspond to measurements from different vantage points)

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Explosive growth!

In complexity

ethernet segment hub switch LAN LAN IP router Autonomous System

...

BGP router

spanning tree + learning broadcast MPLS, CSPF, OSPF, RIP, ... eBGP, iBGP Routing protocols

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Explosive growth!

In applications

Morris Internet Worm (1988) World wide web (1989) MOSAIC browser (1992) Search engines Voice Radio Botnets Streaming video Social networking Peer-to-peer The results of your class projects!

In devices & technologies

NATs and firewalls Wireless everywhere Mobile everywhere Tiny devices (smart phones) ... Giant devices (data centers) Link speeds 200,000x faster

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Huge societal relevance

Friday June 12 Saturday June 13 Sunday June 14

[Source: Renesys]

Routing instabilities and outages in Iranian prefixes following 2009 presidential election Affected prefixes

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Today

Internet History Course Overview What’s Next

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Upcoming lectures

• Thursday Aug. 27: Discussion of challenges for the Internet,

project, project topic suggestions

• Tuesday Sept. 1:
• Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, “A protocol for packet

network intercommunication”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 22 No. 5, May 1974.

• David Clark, “The Design Philosophy of the DARPA

Internet Protocols”, Proc. SIGCOMM 1988.

• Thu Sept. 3: You begin presenting!
• Full reading list available next week

35 Tuesday, August 25, 2009

And finally...

• Name
• Email address
• Educational situation (Masters / PhD,

research area, one or two sentences about your background in networking) If you are taking this course, please email me your

36 Tuesday, August 25, 2009