CREDO: a citizen science initiative for astroparticle physics P - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary CREDO: a citizen science initiative for astroparticle physics P eter Kov acs Wigner Research Centre for Physics kovacs.peter@wigner.mta.hu
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
P´ eter Kov´ acs
Wigner Research Centre for Physics kovacs.peter@wigner.mta.hu supported by:
7 September 2018 ELFT Summer School, M´ atrah´ aza
Many slides were borrowed from Piotr Homola (with his permission)
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
1
Introduction and motivation Pierre Auger Observatory
2
Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE)
3
CREDO app
4
Other applications Earthquake prediction
5
Summary
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
P a r t i c l e s c
i n g t
a r t h f r
S p a c e 1 9 1 2 . E l e c t r
c
e s d i s c h a r g e f a s t e r w i t h i n c r e a s i n g a l t i t u d e → r a y s
e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l
i g i n : V . H e s s ( N
e l p r i z e 1 9 3 6 ) . 1 9 3 2 . D i s c
e r y
a n t i m a t t e r ( p
i t r
) : C . A n d e r s
( N
e l p r i z e 1 9 3 6 ) . 1 9 3 7 . D i s c
e r y
m u
s : S . N e d d e r m e y e r a n d C . A n d e r s
→ p a r t i c l e p h y s i c s b e g i n s . 1 9 3 8 . E x t e n s i v e a i r s h
e r s ( E A S ) → E > 1
1 5
e V : P . A u g e r 1 9 6 2 . F i r s t E A S a t 1
2
e V : J . L i n s l e y → w h a t a n d w h y c a n h a v e s
u g e e n e r g i e s ? ? ? . . . . h i g h t i m e f
a n e x t b r e a k t h r
g h ?
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
R a n g e s : e n e r g y : > 1
d e r s
m a g n i t u d e fm u x : >
d e r s
m a g n i t u d e → d i v e r s e p h y s i c s ( s
r c e s ) → d i v e r s e d e t e c t i
t e c h n i q u e s F l u x r a p i d l y d e c r e a s e s w i t h e n e r g y ( ~ 1
, H i g h e s t e n e r g i e s → t h e mo s t d e ma n d i n g c h a l l e n g e s : → t e c h n i c a l : e x t r e m e l y l
fm u x ( a t E = 1
2
e V 1 p a r t i c l e / ( k m
2
mi l l e n i u m) ) , b u t n
: t h e P i e r r e A u g e r O b s e r v a t
y ( ~ k m
2
) ( → p a r t i c l e / y e a r ) → s c i e n t i f c : Wh a t a r e U l t r a
i g h E n e r g y C
mi c R a y s ( U H E C R ) ? Wh e r e t h e y c
f r
H
d
h e y p r
a g a t e ?
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary Pierre Auger Observatory
State of the art detection by Pierre Auger Observatory
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary Pierre Auger Observatory
from arXiv:1307.3956
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary Pierre Auger Observatory
from arXiv:1307.3956
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
contains typically 100 particles, created at around 1000 km a.s.l. However: super preshower (SPS), 1000 particles at 10000 km a.s.l.
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
S U N E A R T H
A T M O S P H E R E
H E ( e . g . 1
2
e V )
N
A T M
> 1
6
γ ? B
S U N
→ F i r s t c a l c u l a t i
s : W. B e d n a r e k 1 9 9 9 l
e n e r g i e s n
t r e a t e d : e x t e n t ~ t e n s
k m → N . D h i t a l , 2 1 7 c
p l e t e e n e r g y s p e c t r u m : e x t e n t ~ t h
s a n d s
k m
[ O U T O F S C A L E : ]
N
A T M
> 1 →
s e r v a b l e ( l i n e e v e n 1 k m w i d e ) , n
y e t t r i e d
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
N
A T M
= 1 → N
A T M
> 1
p r i ma r y C
mi c R a y ( p , F e , . . . )
A T M O S P H E R E
a n y t h i n g + i n t e r a c t i
N
A T M
= 1 N
A T M
> 1
G R O U N D
: a c
m i c
a y d e t e c t
S T A T I S T I C S → S I G N A T U R E S C H A N C E F O R A U N I Q U E S I G N A T U R E ! R E Q U I R E S A G L O B A L R E S E A R C H ! C
mi c
a y E n s e mb l e
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
C
r e l a t e d c
m i c r a y s ?
A T M
Δt ~ 5 mi n . Δx > = s ma l l Y e a r = 1 9 8 1 N
s
= 3 2 N
e x p
= 1 E = 3 x 1
1 5
e V
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
C
r e l a t e d c
m i c r a y s ?
A T M
Δx > = 2 5 k m Y e a r = 1 9 7 5 E > 7 x 1
1 3
e V Δt ~ 2 s
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
? E A R T H
A T M O S P H E R E
H E ( e . g . 1
2
e V ) Δx : ~ f e w k m E A R T H
A T M O S P H E R E
H E ( e . g . 1
2
e V ) Δx > E a r t h s i z e ?
v i
s u n d e t e c t i
v i
s d e t e c t i
E A R T H
A T M O S P H E R E
H E ( e . g . 1
2
e V ) ? Δx < E a r t h s i z e
„ i n b e t w e e n ” ( u n c h e c k e d )
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
There is no wordwide dedicated CR detector array yet
detectors) + GPS synchronized array of smartphones
can act as cosmic particle detectors ֒ → Software development for Android platform at IFJ PAN (Poland, 2016)
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
Lunch of the application (end of beta test), 2018 May
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
C e n t r a l d a t a b a s e / i n t e r f a c e : a c c e s s t
v e r y t h i n g f
e v e r y b
y
D A T A B A S E / I N T E R F A C E
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
2 3
U s e r : „ s m p h
i t k a t ” , h t t p s : / / a p i . c r e d
s c i e n c e / w e b / u s e r / s m p h
i t k a t / D e v i c e : S m a s u n g S M
3 5 7 F Z , A n d r
d 4 . 4 . 4 ( K i t K a t ) A v e r a g e d e t e c t i
r a t e : ~ 1 / h r ( fm i g h t t
yj i v
9 . 5 : 6 / h r : )i E x a m p l e i m a g e s :
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
→ P C a p p l i c a t i
t
a t c h p a r t i c l e s w i t h a n i n t e r n e t c a me r a , b y M a r e k K n a p s c i e n c e e n t h u s i a s t !
I n f
d
n l
d [ a u t h
: M a r e k K n a p ] : h t t p s : / / c r e d
s c i e n c e / c r e d
e t e k t
/ v i e w t
i c . p h p ? f = 3 & t = 4 5
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
c
mi c r a y t r a c k
E x a mp l e „ d a r k f r a me ” t a k e n b y a n a s t r
c a l C C D c a me r a w i t h c
e r
C r e d i t & i d e a b y M a s s i m
a m e l l a ( I N A F )
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
→ P C a p p l i c a t i
: l i n u x v e r s i
w
k i n g w i t h R a s p b e r r y P i ! B y u s e r „ T r u e T
I n f
a u t h
: T
k / T r u e T
: h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c
/ c r e d
c i e n c e / C r e d
e t e c t
i n u x
e s k t
n d
a s p b e r r y
i
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
quantum gravity previewer
s e r v e d e x p e c t e d f r
r a n d
[ p
n t s h e r e f
i l l u s t r a t i
l y , c
p l e t e c a l c u l a t i
s i n p r
r e s s ] C u mu l a t i v e n u mb e r
h i t p a i r s ( „ d
b l e t s ” ) w i t h i n 5 mi n , i n a s i n g l e d e v i c e b y K e v i n A l m e i d a C h e m i n a n t , f
t h e C R E D O C
l a b
a t i
earthquake prediction bilogical effects caused by CR Is there a correlation between higher CR rate and known diseases? space weather, e.g. correlation between the changes of Schumann resonances and incoming muon flux
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary Earthquake prediction
Figure: Increase in the low energy signal rate at least six hours before a 8.8ML earthquake in 27.02.2010, 06:34:14 UTC at Chile [by A. Saleh]
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary Earthquake prediction
Possible Earthquake Precursor” , Phys. Chem. Earth (A), Vol. 25,
are investigated. Some correlation was found.
Earthquake of August 28, 2008, in the Vertical Component of the Electric Field in Lake Baikal”, ISSN 1028334X, Doklady Earth Sciences, 2011, Vol. 438, Part 2, pp. 842–845: Changes of EZ electric field component hours before an earthquake of 5.9 − 6.4ML Romanova, N. V. et al., “On the magnetic precursor of the Chilean earthquake of February 27, 2010”, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Volume 55, Issue 2, pp.219-222, 2014: Anomalous geomagnetic disturbance (three days before the event) was a mid - size substorm that was not related to seismic activity.
Basically no physical explanation
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary Earthquake prediction
geomagnetism:
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1712490)
Earthquake − → stress wave in earth − → perturbing the geodynamo and/or deformation of magnetostrictive materials − → changes of magnetic field − → incoming particle flux changes perturbation of geodynamo: MHD equtions + seismic waves the Villari or inverse magnetostrictive effect: change of magnetization of a magnetostrictive material due to mechanical stress.
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
The main objective of CREDO is the detection and analysis of extended cosmic ray phenomena, so-called super-preshowers (SPS), using existing as well as new infrastructure (cosmic-ray
The search for ensembles of cosmic ray events initiated by SPS is yet an untouched ground, in contrast to the current state-of-the-art analysis, which is focused on the detection of single cosmic ray events. The ensembles of cosmic rays can be classified based on the spatial and temporal extent of particles constituting the ensemble. Some classes of SPS are predicted to have huge spatial distribution, a unique signature detectable only with a facility of the global size. Development and commissioning of a completely new facility with such requirements is economically unwarranted and time-consuming, the global analysis goals are achievable when all types of existing detectors are merged into a worldwide network.
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary
The idea to use the instruments in operation is based on a novel trigger algorithm: in parallel to looking for neighbor surface detectors receiving the signal simultaneously, one should also look for spatially isolated stations clustered in a small time window. CREDO strategy is also aimed at an active engagement of a large number of participants, who will contribute to the project by using common electronic devices (e.g., smartphones), capable of detecting cosmic rays. It will help not only in expanding the geographical spread of CREDO, but also in managing a large manpower necessary for a more efficient crowd-sourced pattern recognition scheme to identify and classify SPS. A worldwide network of cosmic-ray detectors could not only become a unique tool to study fundamental physics, it will also provide a number of other opportunities, including space-weather or geophysics studies. Among the latter one has to list the potential to predict earthquakes by monitoring the rate of low energy cosmic-ray events.
Introduction and motivation Cosmic Ray Ensembles (CRE) CREDO app Other applications Summary