Cover slide Thank you Madam Chair. It is a pleasure to be a part of - - PDF document

Cover slide Thank you Madam Chair. It is a pleasure to be a part of this session on new trends in agricultural research, and to follow such an esteemed speaker – The Honorable Dr Adesina. Nigeria’s work on making cassava a key source of income for small-holder farmers is very consistent with some of the themes of IDRC’s work in Africa. A project supported by the CIFSRF has helped Nigerian vegetable growers (particularly women) double their income – by growing under-utilized but marketable crops like celery and eggplant, improving post-harvest handling to preserve value, and organizing themselves into cooperatives to access credit and other types of support. This is one example among many of how Research can make a difference to the food security and livelihoods of smallholder farmers here in Africa and around the world. Indeed, I hope my contributions here will help convince you that more of the right kind

• f research in the right place is an essential element of ongoing efforts to unlock the

potential for Africa to harness its agricultural potential to feed itself 1

Slide 1 HAWASSA What do I mean by the right kind of research in the right place? You will hear more later today about this example from nearby here in Ethiopia. Researchers from Hawassa university partnered with Canadians from the University of Saskatchewan (Dr Henry is here today) to test of state-of- the-art chickpea varieties By working with local partners in the value-chain, this research project did more than demonstrate how better yields of more nutritious crops could be achieved – it has resulted in sustained improved farmer income; improved child nutritional outcomes; and increased demand for the varieties has energized the local economy, with seed producers and distributors aiming to reach thousands more farmers in the future. Most agricultural R&D research and development programs tend to focus on promoting technologies for a limited number of key major crops (maize, cassava, rice, wheat) in high potential, bread basket areas. They have neglected “orphan crops” or minor crops in vulnerable low-medium potential areas. Although investing in large commercial crops is essential to tackle food security at a global level, it is insufficient. Millions of people in rural areas of Africa, and in particular women and the poor in Africa live in low-medium potential areas and rely on “orphan” or “neglected” crops for their daily sustenance. Orphan crops are composed of diverse set of minor crops like millets, sorghum, roots and tubers (cassava, sweet potatoes, ginger) indigenous vegetables and some legumes (cowpeas, bambara nuts) that tend to be locally important but receive little or no attention by mainstream research and extension; policy and donor support. We generally prefer to call them underutilized crops. They have the potential to diversify the farming systems, spread risks, contribute to food security, and provide income opportunities for the most vulnerable and women in particular. E.g. Re-introducing “under-utilized” pulse crops alongside existing high yield cereals to address micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. chickpeas in Ethiopia, g g p p g g g y f ( g p p , millets in India) starting from local existing practices Better soils, crops, and nutrition: In southern Ethiopia, improved chickpea varieties now provide up to 25% of farmers’ income and have exceeded yields of local varieties by 60–90%. Plant breeding and better soil management—including the application of zinc fertilizer—produced nutrient-rich grains with increased zinc and iron content. These more nutritious crops, combined with nutrition education, have already helped to increase children’s weight gain, a key indicator of nutrition. Local institutions joined forces to produce more seeds of the improved varieties and will distribute them to 30,000 farmers in the coming years. The project is good example of CIFSRF’s work on improved agriculture and nutrition (including ensuring that improved agricultural production actually leads to improved nutrition) and a good example of adding value to existing farming systems – (rather than replacing them). The approach is relatively simple: the introduction of improved crops and farming practices, combined with participatory methodologies and education. Working closely with farmers, researchers identified improved pulse varieties that can be double-cropped with existing high yield cereals. The combination of bio-fortification with appropriate soil micronutrient management led to the production of high quality, nutrient-rich grains, thereby enhancing nutrition for rural households.

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Slide 2 Do we not have enough research on food security by now? Th f d i i 2007 2008 t d d ti h t h d b l d li i The food crises in 2007-2008 prompted renewed action on what had been a long decline in funding for agricultural development and research. More than 22 Billion USD in pledges were made by the G-8 in 2009 under the L’Aquila Food Security Initiative, supporting country-owned processes and plans like the CADPP. But the public sector alone , as Jean Lebel made clear in his remarks, cannot meet the challenge of global food security. Examples like the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition and Grow Africa are leading the charge to stimulate and leverage private sector investment in smallholder agricultural

• development. New Alliance has grown to 10 African countries, more than 160 companies,

and more than $7 billion in planned investments, $970 million of which were implemented in 2013. African countries are leading the transformation of the sector, with market-oriented reforms like clarifying land title and policies for governing natural resources. AGRA leads exciting new y g p g g g initiative on improving availability and distribution of HQ seeds, the World Bank is supporting countries to conduct risk assessments for the agricultural sector and ADB is investing in agricultural infrastructure. Things are looking up.

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Slide 2 Do we not have enough research on food security by now? Th f d i i 2007 2008 t d d ti h t h d b l d li i The food crises in 2007-2008 prompted renewed action on what had been a long decline in funding for agricultural development and research. More than 22 Billion USD in pledges were made by the G-8 in 2009 under the L’Aquila Food Security Initiative, supporting country-owned processes and plans like the CADPP. But the public sector alone , as Jean Lebel made clear in his remarks, cannot meet the challenge of global food security. Examples like the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition and Grow Africa are leading the charge to stimulate and leverage private sector investment in smallholder agricultural

• development. New Alliance has grown to 10 African countries, more than 160 companies,

and more than $7 billion in planned investments, $970 million of which were implemented in 2013. African countries are leading the transformation of the sector, with market-oriented reforms like clarifying land title and policies for governing natural resources. AGRA leads exciting new y g p g g g initiative on improving availability and distribution of HQ seeds, the World Bank is supporting countries to conduct risk assessments for the agricultural sector and ADB is investing in agricultural infrastructure. Things are looking up.

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SLIDE 3 There is Skepticism over the complex, process-oriented and anecdotal nature of development research Concerns that research projects take too long to show results , Fail to benefit many poor people and that projects remain “islands of success” within the local context So why do we still need attention to research ? There remain major gaps in understanding how to get new technologies, tools and innovations into the hands of poor or remote small-holders and pastoralists. We need more innovations and technologies, particularly outside the main-stream of agricultural development (secondary crops, small livestock, technologies suitable for women, for example). We still have a long way to go to ensure that all this important investment benefits women in farming households, and that increased productivity is translated into food security and improved nutrition and health. At least half of what is grown or produced is lost post-harvest – there are enormous gains to be made in reducing these. There remain challenges that are complex (combating livestock diseases) or that involve many other sectors (understanding the implications of climate change); Perhaps most critically, we still do not understand how innovations get taken up at scale. Figuring this out will greatly enhance the impact of investments in development going forward. So, what type of research will feed Africa and the World? What type of research do we need to feed the 1 billion undernourished and double production to feed the 9 billion people by 2050, and the 2 billion Africans by 2050? The answer to this question is complex, and we have learned from our 40 years of experience and current CIFSRF projects that there is no silver bullet or magic solutions. But we have also seen some examples to point us in the right direction. From our experience there is not a single type of research required to feed Africa but 4-5 different types of research: 1. High standard of scientific excellence that leads to the development of pro-poor products

• 2. Focusing on “on the ground”, practical solutions with farmers and other value chain actors

3. Research that reduces postharvest losses and increases labour productivity 4. Research that helps women and the poor to boost nutrition and create wealth 5. Research that builds partnerships and leaders of today and tomorrow.

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SLIDE 3 There is Skepticism over the complex, process-oriented and anecdotal nature of development research Concerns that research projects take too long to show results , Fail to benefit many poor people and that projects remain “islands of success” within the local context So why do we still need attention to research ? There remain major gaps in understanding how to get new technologies, tools and innovations into the hands of poor or remote small-holders and pastoralists. We need more innovations and technologies, particularly outside the main-stream of agricultural development (secondary crops, small livestock, technologies suitable for women, for example). We still have a long way to go to ensure that all this important investment benefits women in farming households, and that increased productivity is translated into food security and improved nutrition and health. At least half of what is grown or produced is lost post-harvest – there are enormous gains to be made in reducing these. There remain challenges that are complex (combating livestock diseases) or that involve many other sectors (understanding the implications of climate change); Perhaps most critically, we still do not understand how innovations get taken up at scale. Figuring this out will greatly enhance the impact of investments in development going forward. So, what type of research will feed Africa and the World? What type of research do we need to feed the 1 billion undernourished and double production to feed the 9 billion people by 2050, and the 2 billion Africans by 2050? The answer to this question is complex, and we have learned from our 40 years of experience and current CIFSRF projects that there is no silver bullet or magic solutions. But we have also seen some examples to point us in the right direction. From our experience there is not a single type of research required to feed Africa but 4-5 different types of research: 1. High standard of scientific excellence that leads to the development of pro-poor products

• 2. Focusing on “on the ground”, practical solutions with farmers and other value chain actors

3. Research that reduces postharvest losses and increases labour productivity 4. Research that helps women and the poor to boost nutrition and create wealth 5. Research that builds partnerships and leaders of today and tomorrow.

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Slide 7 What KIND of research do we still need? Research that brings forward innovative ideas and fills gaps in knowledge or in Research that brings forward innovative ideas and fills gaps in knowledge or in development program practices 7

Slide 8

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Slide 9 9

Slide 9 Research that meets the needs of the intended user (mechanisation), that connects crops and products with markets, credit, nutritional information and other resources required for small-holders to be healthier and to thrive economically. Background: Indigenous vegetables are often highly nutritious, containing key vitamins and minerals (including high levels of carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics). However, most remain uncultivated. Objective: Increase the food security of women farmers in Nigeria through the production of underutilized indigenous vegetables Wild vegetables tamed for food and income: Nigerian vegetable growers have almost doubled their income by cultivating underutilized indigenous vegetables such as local celery, eggplant, and amaranth that proved to be highly nutritious. The farmers, half of whom are women, gained new skills in good agronomic and post-harvest practices and marketing, and formed 22 cooperatives to access credit, training, and government support. Household dietary diversity has improved, and supply and demand for the vegetables has already significantly increased. Details from slide:

• 6 high premium vegetables selected on basis of food values, consumer acceptability, marketability, amenability to agronomic practices
• increased yields: 30-50% increased yields as a result adoption of improved agronomic practices. Increased yields have resulted in increased supply of vegetables to local

markets

• increased income: year-round income from continuous harvesting & sale; increased income of up to 180%
• Nutrition & dietary diversity: vegetables accepted in household diets, training provided for women in food preparation and processing
• access to credit & inputs (e.g. irrigation facilities): 22 farmers cooperative groups, registered with and recognized by relevant authorities, enabling access to bank credit and

government support. -farmer cooperatives (1200 members, 50% women) a mechanism to exploit market opportunities, contribute to government efforts to commercialize indigenous vegetables

• creating demand: strong emphasis on promotion and public awareness of indigenous vegetables, for instance through radio programs in local languages that have reached 3

million people’ production of videos on UIV processing & preparation techniques; information brochures NOTE!

Osun State University awarded 2014 Southwest Nigeria awarded outstanding University of the Year for research with rural women farmers on indigenous vegetables. Prof. Clement Adebooye awarded Southwest Nigeria Man of the Year for his work as lead researcher of the project.

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Slide 10 : Research results than can make a difference at scale. What do we mean? Reducing losses is also a key factor in the management of livestock, which operate as a crucial economic asset for millions of people in Asia and Africa and as a vital source of high-protein economic asset for millions of people in Asia and Africa, and as a vital source of high protein food, micro-nutrients and agricultural inputs. Researchers are using cutting edge science to reduce livestock losses through developing new vaccines, with a focus on overcoming barriers that cause low adoption in existing vaccines. South African and Canadian scientists are developing a groundbreaking “five-in-one” vaccine to protect cattle, sheep and goats from Rift Valley fever, lumpy skin disease, sheep pox, goat pox, and peste des petits ruminants. The vaccine will be inexpensive and safe, and will require no boosters and no refrigeration. In Canada and Kenya, scientists are using novel molecular boosters and no refrigeration. In Canada and Kenya, scientists are using novel molecular technologies to develop a vaccine against Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP, cattle lung disease). This vaccine specifically addresses shortcomings of current CBPP vaccines, which are short- lived, capable of introducing a carrier state in protected cattle, and require refrigeration. In a second project, researchers are developing a vaccine to eradicate contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Used with better disease surveillance, these vaccines will reduce livestock losses that can cost Africans up to US$300 million annually.

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Slide 5 Partnerships CIFSRF. Launched in 2009, jointly funded by IDRC and DFATD A program of 126 million in 3 continents. Produce tangible benefits to users in 3-5 years! 97000 farmers are involved in the research, testing 140 innovations in agriculture with demonstrated impact on productivity, income, nutrition, and food security. Emphasize the four key objectives of CIFSRF: Partnerships between Canadian and Southern organizations, research, private and public sectors, and civil-society innovate through rigorous research and appropriate use of technologies Translating research results in development outcomes and better policies But first, let me reiterate Jean’s message on CIFRSF as A recent example of IDRC’s commitment to Food Security is CIFSRF Launched in 2009, jointly funded by IDRC and DFATD Emphasize the four key objectives of CIFSRF:

• Partnerships between Canadian and Southern organizations,
• Generate new knowledge through rigorous research,
• Translating research results in development outcomes
• Influencing policies

The program funds research that builds Canadian- developing country partnerships and linkages to conduct applied research. This is a critical component of CIFSRF to ensure a cost-effective and sustainable means of achieving research impact. It involves leveraging strength and creating new opportunities, improving the human resource and organizational development components, resource mobilization, and recognizes it is a long term process. The Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF):

• challenges the (false) notion that research is long-term and cannot produce tangible benefits to users in 3-5 years!
• Uses the capacity of science to make a difference to the lives of poor people.
• Shows lasting impacts and accountability (value for Money) of research
• Need on the ground, practical solutions with farmers and other value chain actors
• High standard of scientific excellence (basic and applied research) that leads to the development of pro-poor products
• Increasing production  secondary crops
• Reducing postharvest losses and increasing labour productivity
• Helping women and the poor to boost nutrition and create wealth
• Research that builds partnerships and leaders of today and tomorrow.

Let me speak to each of these points based on our experience in IDRC and emerging results from CIFSRF projects. p p p g g p j

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To feed Africa, and the World, we need Research that Benefits to all, Sustainable: Scalable: Based on high standard of scientific excellence

Slide 12 Concluding remarks Research is essential to achieving a vibrant agricultural sector and a food-secure Africa. It is clearly making a difference but could have more impact. We will need to think differently, engage with new partners , listen to African farmers, African business men and women, and African researchers and decision makers. We are part of the way there. with smart investments, brilliant innovators, and a healthy dose of good luck, the potential gains are huge. Are you convinced yet? To conclude, it is clear that Research is needed to feed Africa and for Africa to feed the World. There are numerous opportunities and exciting examples of success. Some will be shared during this Dialogue, but all of you have a wealth of experience to bring to the table.

Benefits to all, and particulary to women Sustainable: social, ecomic and environmental Scalable: local solutions and businesses for global impacts g p Based on high standard of scientific excellence Research that is Demand driven and products.results oriented - Produces quick wins, on the ground solutions

• Moves form “islands of success” to larger scale
• Attracts and increases the role of the private sector
• Mobilizes the youth and policymakers from research start
• Research that creates lasting impacts and demonstrate the value of science

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To feed Africa, and the World, we need Research that Benefits to all, Sustainable: Scalable: Based on high standard of scientific excellence

Slide 12 Concluding remarks Research is essential to achieving a vibrant agricultural sector and a food-secure Africa. It is clearly making a difference but could have more impact. We will need to think differently, engage with new partners , listen to African farmers, African business men and women, and African researchers and decision makers. We are part of the way there. with smart investments, brilliant innovators, and a healthy dose of good luck, the potential gains are huge. Are you convinced yet? To conclude, it is clear that Research is needed to feed Africa and for Africa to feed the World. There are numerous opportunities and exciting examples of success. Some will be shared during this Dialogue, but all of you have a wealth of experience to bring to the table.

Benefits to all, and particulary to women Sustainable: social, ecomic and environmental Scalable: local solutions and businesses for global impacts g p Based on high standard of scientific excellence Research that is Demand driven and products.results oriented - Produces quick wins, on the ground solutions

• Moves form “islands of success” to larger scale
• Attracts and increases the role of the private sector
• Mobilizes the youth and policymakers from research start
• Research that creates lasting impacts and demonstrate the value of science

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Higher yields, more efficient water use: In Africa’s Sahel region, farmers working with researchers combined fertilizer “micro- dosing” with improved rainwater harvesting techniques to boost yields of cereal and legume crops. These innovations substantially increased productivity and farmers’ income. In Burkina Faso, sorghum yields more than doubled to about 700 kg per hectare. Quick to adopt the technologies, women farmers reported profits of up to 300%. The project is a good example of combining low tech, simple, affordable technology (micro-dosing) with high tech, sophisticated science (synchrotron), and of using the right technology for the right crops and right users. Also! Good example of using less (fertilizer) to produce more (crops), while managing environmental impacts (soil fertility) The fertilizer micro-dosing approach (application of small amounts of fertilizer) is a low-tech, affordable, effective, user-ready

• method. Combined with improved rainwater harvesting, fertilizers micro-dosing improves production of pulses and cereals:
• Increased sorghum yields (up to 700kg/ha)
• Women’s profits increase by up to 300%

Project also recognizes that high tech solutions may be required: It uses sophisticated technology (molecular synchrotron) to analyze potential long-term impacts of micro-dosing on soil fertility. Results show that over 15 year period, effects of microdosing

• n soil fertility no worse than recommended agricultural practices

The project (like many CIFSRF projects) acknowledges that economic implications of new technologies are key consideration for farmers when it comes to adoption. Cost benefit study showed that use of micro-dosing is more profitable for farmers than use of recommended amounts of fertilizer Project addressed issue of women’s access to fertilizer through establishment of a “warrantage” system (provision of credit). Research also identified factors affecting adoption of the micro-dosing technique (including access to warrantage (credit) scheme, age of household head, level of education, gender dynamics). The research found that women are 25% more likely to adopt than men P t ti l t t l ? Potential to go to scale? Microdosing and improved rainwater harvesting combined with insurance system provides a clear path forward for intensification of agriculture in the Sahel

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Slide 11 How do we do it? Decide which project(s) to highlight between this slide and the following ones

Improving soils for nutrition and health in Malawi Improving soils for nutrition and health in Malawi Notes for above

• Improved agronomic practices adopted by farmers include spacing, seeding

rates, staking, planting density, fertilizer application

• Vegetables also responding to Urea-N fertilizer in rainforest ecosystem

ALSO

• Crop water-use coefficients determined for wet-season growth stages of 6 premium vegetables; dry season study in progress;
• Major project focus on promotion and public awareness on indigenous vegetables: including production of videos on UIV processing & preparation

techniques; radio jingles, fact sheets, information brochures Results:

• Improved household dietary diversity
• Optimum fertilizer application rates & economic return rates established

p pp

• All 6 vegetable varieties respond to Urea-N fertilizer, in particular on poor soils in savannah ecosystem;

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Research on Agriculture has focused primarily on food production, trying to identify new varieties and technologies to improve agricultural productivity (sustainable intensification of agriculture). Research on productivity has been primarily driven by the need to meet the basic needs of a growing population and improving food security for the large number of food insecure and vulnerable people. Evidence shows that more attention needs to be paid to the quality and diversity of food produced. Under-nutrition and malnutrition are increasingly co-existing with overweight and obesity, leading to new challenges for health systems (non communicable diseases). High gains can be made by greater attention to food diversification, promotion of more nutritive crops and by greater attention to under-utilized indigenous crops… We know that to create lasting impacts, research must involve and benefit women. We also know that when women benefit, they improve the diets of children and families with better food. In Cambodia, for instance, researchers introduced an aquaculture component alongside the existing homestead system of fruit and vegetable production to address nutritional deficiencies in rice-based diets. Household diets improved from consumption of micro-nutrient rich small fish grown in the fishponds, along with better and more vegetables grown in the home gardens. In southern Ethiopia, researchers and farmers re-introduced traditional pulse crops alongside existing high yield cereals to address widespread malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. The combination of bio-fortification (plant breeding) with appropriate soil micronutrient management (including application of zinc fertilizer) led to increased zinc and iron content in the pulses, and the production of high quality, nutrient-rich grains, thereby enhancing nutrition for rural households. In both cases, researchers recognized that farmers need incentives to produce the particular crops or food sources that will provide beneficial nutritional outcomes. In Cambodia, these incentives took the form of increased income (worth 60% of average monthly income) that women gained from the sale of large fish alongside the micro-nutrient rich small fish introduced in the aquaculture component of home gardens. Education and awareness raising were also central to ensuring that agriculture interventions led to better nutrition outcomes: in Ethiopia, wasting and underweight among children decreased significantly in families that received nutrition education and who Ethiopia, wasting and underweight among children decreased significantly in families that received nutrition education and who became aware of the value of consuming pulses.

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Slide 1 (to decide which one to use between previous one and this one) Slide 1 HAWASSA What do I mean by the right kind of research in the right place? You will hear more later today about this example from nearby here in Ethiopia. Researchers from Hawassa university partnered with Canadians from the University of Saskatchewan (Dr Henry is here today) to test of state-of-the-art chickpea varieties By working with local partners in the value-chain, this research project did more than demonstrate how better yields of more nutritious crops could be achieved – it has resulted in sustained improved farmer income; improved child nutritional outcomes; and increased demand for the varieties has energized the local economy, with seed producers and distributors aiming to reach thousands more farmers in the future. Most agricultural R&D research and development programs tend to focus on promoting technologies for a limited number of key major crops (maize, cassava, rice, wheat) in high potential, bread basket areas. They have neglected “orphan crops” or minor crops in vulnerable low-medium potential areas. Although investing in large commercial crops is essential to tackle food security at a global level, it is insufficient. Millions of people in rural areas of Africa, and in particular women and the poor in Africa live in low-medium potential areas and rely on “orphan” or “neglected” crops for their daily sustenance. Orphan crops are composed of diverse set of minor crops like millets sorghum roots and tubers (cassava sweet potatoes ginger) indigenous vegetables and some legumes (cowpeas bambara nuts) that tend to be locally important but receive little or no attention by mainstream minor crops like millets, sorghum, roots and tubers (cassava, sweet potatoes, ginger) indigenous vegetables and some legumes (cowpeas, bambara nuts) that tend to be locally important but receive little or no attention by mainstream research and extension; policy and donor support. We generally prefer to call them underutilized crops. They have the potential to diversify the farming systems, spread risks, contribute to food security, and provide income opportunities for the most vulnerable and women in particular. E.g. Re-introducing “under-utilized” pulse crops alongside existing high yield cereals to address micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. chickpeas in Ethiopia, millets in India) starting from local existing practices Project information: Background: This project is good example of CIFSRF’s work on improved agriculture and nutrition (including ensuring that improved agricultural production actually leads to improved nutrition) Also good example of adding value to existing farming systems – (rather than replacing them). The approach is relatively simple: the introduction of improved crops and farming practices, combined with participatory methodologies and education. Working closely with farmers, researchers identified improved pulse varieties that can be double-cropped with existing high yield cereals. The combination of bio-fortification with appropriate soil micronutrient management led to the production of high quality, nutrient-rich grains, thereby enhancing nutrition for rural households. Objective Combat micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition through bio-fortification of pulses and soil management Detail from slide:

• Increased yields: yields from improved chickpea cultivars exceeded local cultivar by 60-90 %
• Income from improved chickpea varieties & double cropping is now up to 25% of total farm income (was previously zero)
• More nutritious crops: Increased zinc & iron content in improved pulse varieties as a result of plant breeding and micronutrient fertilization (soil and foliar)
• Key nutrition result: wasting and underweight decreased in target groups as a result of nutrition education and incorporation of pulses into complementary foods

Participation, education, awareness building have been key to adoption of pulses in the farming system: i.e. to ensuring that increased production of more nutritious crops actually leads to improved. Activities included:

• participatory plant breeding and participatory variety selection
• awareness raising on nutritional qualities of pulses
• training (especially with women) on proper preparation of pulses prior to cooking to (soaking, germination, fermentation) to retain mineral content & improve bioavailability (through reduction of phytate levels)
• training on how to cook complementary food using pulses

Additional: Canada/ Hawassa partnership details: Capacity building initiatives have led to the training of MSc (60 nutrition and 50+ agriculture) and PhD students (two nutrition and four agriculture), thus creating a critical mass of young scientists (51% female), who are contributing to the development of Ethiopian agriculture and nutrition initiatives. It has also fostered greater collaboration between Canadian and Ethiopian researchers, and thereby enhanced knowledge and expertise in both Hadassah University and the University of Saskatchewan Scale up details: A multi-stakeholder platform is now operational expanding seed production of improved varieties to reach 30,000 farmers in the coming two years. Private sector key member

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