Course Outline The nature of the industry and types of construction - - PDF document

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Professional Practices & Technical Dr. Luay Dwaikat Writing Professional Practice & Technical Writing (Course Code: 10611461) Dr. Luay Dwaikat PhD Construction Project Management 1 1 Course Outline The nature of the industry and

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

  • Dr. Luay Dwaikat

Spring 2020 1

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  • Dr. Luay Dwaikat

PhD Construction Project Management

Professional Practice & Technical Writing (Course Code: 10611461)

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Course Outline

The nature of the industry and types of construction organization.

Professional practices on the local level

Professional practices on the regional level

Professional practices on the international level

Safety and health in construction projects

Technical writing

Types of technical writing

Types of technical correspondence

Research Methods

Scientific writing

Types of scientific writing

Plagiarism

Referencing

Reports and presentation

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

  • Dr. Luay Dwaikat

Spring 2020 2

Grading System

 Midterm Exam

30%

 Final exam

50%

 Reports

10 %

 Presentation

10%

I wish you success

3

Text Book & References

Text Book:

Alred, G.J., Brusaw, C.T., & Oliu, W.E. (2009). Handbook of technical writing. (9th edition). Boston, USA: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. (5th edition). Lombarda, Italy: Prentice Hall.

References:

  • APA. (2010). Publication Manual of the American

Psychological Association. (6th edition). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychological Association.

Supplementary notes

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Spring 2020 3

Before we start

 Attend the class on time  Switch off your mobile  Stop the side talks  Be a smart listener  Use your analytical skills  Question every piece of

information you acquire

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The Construction Industry

 “Construction is a high hazard industry that

comprises a wide range of activities involving construction, alteration, and/or repair. Examples include residential construction, bridge erection, roadway paving, excavations, demolitions, and large scale painting jobs.”

6

OSHA, 2016, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (https://www.osha.gov/doc/)

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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How big is the Construction Industry?

 The construction, renovation, and

maintenance of buildings contribute from 10% to 40% of countries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

 And, as a global average, represent

10% of country-level employment.

7

UNEP SBCI, 2009, Buildings and Climate Change: Summary for Decision-Makers. UNEP (p.5)

Where is your position???!!! Depends on the type and function of the organization you enroll.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Spring 2020 5

Where is your position???!!! You may work with:

1.

Construction firms

2.

Design and consulting firms

3.

Project management consulting firms

4.

Owners/Clients

5.

Governmental bodies

6.

Material suppliers

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Where is your position???!!!

You may work as:

1.

Site engineer

2.

Design engineer

3.

Project engineer

4.

Construction manager

5.

Project manager

6.

QA/QC engineer

7.

Safety engineer

8.

Procurement engineer

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You may work as:

9.

Planning engineer

10.

Cost engineer

11.

Project control engineer

12.

Cost control engineer

13.

Planning manager

14.

Cost manager

15.

Contracts engineer

16.

Contracts manager

17.

Quantity surveyor

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Company Organization Chart An organization chart of a company, also known as organization

structure, is a diagram that shows

the structure of a company/entity and the relationships and authorities of its departments, staff, positions, and roles.

11 12

Example of an organization chart

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Another Example of an organization chart

Project Organization Chart An organization chart of a project is a diagram that shows the structure of a project’s team and the relationships and authorities of its staff, positions, and roles.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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An example of a project organization chart

Common construction labor trades

16

Foreman

Charge hand

Concrete mason

Stone mason

Carpenter

Shuttering carpenter

Joinery carpenter

Steel fixer

Bricklayer

Helper/Coolie

Electrician

Plumber

Pipefitter

Tile mason

Plaster mason/plasterer

Painter

Welder

Operator

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Common construction equipment

17

Backhoe/JCB

Wheel loader

Bulldozer

Truck crane

Tower crane

Mobile crane

Bobcat

Forklift

Boom loader

Dumper

Dump truck

Concrete mixer

Concrete pump

Trailer (Low bed/High bed)

Asphalt paver

Roller compactor

Plate compactor

Basic Acronyms in Construction Sector

18  RFP: Request for Proposal  RFQ: Request for Quotation  RFI: Request for Information  SE: Site Engineer  PM: Project Manager  CM: Construction Manager  A/E: Architect/Engineer  IR: Inspection Request

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Frequently used Forms and Documents

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 Daily Report  Weekly Report  Monthly Report  Monthly Invoices  Time Schedules  Schedule of values  Material Approval  Inspection Request  Notice to Proceed

Safety in Construction

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 The golden rules:

 Be SAFE do not be SORRY  Safety is everyone’s responsibility  Safety starts at site entrance

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Safety in Construction

 Potential hazards in construction sites:  Falls from heights  earthwork collapse  Scaffolding collapse  Electric shock  Not using personal protective equipment (PPE)  Falling overhead objects  Repetitive motion injuries 21

Hazards & Solutions

OSHA summarizes the following hazards as the most frequently cited hazards in construction:

1.

Scaffolding

2.

Fall protection

3.

Excavations (general requirements)

4.

Ladders

5.

Head protection

6.

Excavations (requirements for protective systems)

7.

Hazard communication

8.

Fall protection (training requirements)

9.

Construction (general safety and health provisions)

10.

Electrical (wiring methods, design and protection)

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Essential safety measures

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Essential safety measures

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Essential safety measures

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Enhance your sense of safety

 Visit www.OSHA.org

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Report Assignment

Write a report consists of two A4 pages that answers the following questions:

1.

What are the most common causes of injuries at construction sites in Palestine?

2.

How many accidents occurred during the period from 2015 – 2016?

3.

What are the major safety violations at construction site in Palestine? Due date March 15, 2020 at 1:00 PM.

Late submission will not be accepted.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Professional Ethics

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Part II Research Methodology & Technical Writing

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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What is research?

31  The systematic investigation into and study of materials

and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Oxford Dictionaries (online)

 A detailed study of a subject, especially in order to

discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding. Cambridge Dictionaries (online)

The Research Process

32

Research Onion, adapted from (Saunders et al., 2009)

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Research Process

 Hypothesis or research questions

formulation

 Literature review  Research design  Data collection  Data analysis  Results and conclusion

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Types of scientific publications

1.

Scientific articles published in scientific journals

2.

Authored Books

3.

Edited books

4.

Conference proceedings issued by scientific conferences

5.

Governmental reports

6.

Technical reports

7.

Dissertations/thesis

8.

Trade publications (Be careful, why?)

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Plagiarism

Researchers do not claim the words and ideas of another as their own; they give credit where credit is due (APA Ethics Code Standard 8.11, Plagiarism). Quotation marks should be used to indicate the exact words of another. Each time you paraphrase another author (i.e., summarize a passage or rearrange the order of a sentence and change some of the words), you need to credit the source in the text. The following paragraph is an example of how one might appropriately paraphrase some of the foregoing material in this section. As stated in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010), the ethical principles of scientific publication are designed to ensure the integrity of scientific knowledge and to protect the intellectual property rights of others. As the Publication Manual explains, authors are expected to correct the record if they discover errors in their publications; they are also expected to give credit to others for their prior work when it is quoted or paraphrased.

35 (Apa, 2010, p16)

Citation & Referencing

Citation: the process of referring to, or using others thoughts,

ideas, opinions, research findings, arguments, and theories in your research.

If you write, use, or refer to specific information or data from a specific source in your research, you should mention the source in the body of your text and list the source in your reference list.

The format of the list of references and citation varies depending on the style that you use (e.g. Vancouver style and APA style).

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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When to cite?

Cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or research have directly influenced your work. They may provide key background information, support or dispute your thesis, or

  • ffer critical definitions and data.

Citation of an article implies that you have personally read the cited work.

In addition to crediting the ideas of others that you used to build your thesis, provide documentation for all facts and figures that are not common knowledge.

37 (Apa, 2010, p169)

How to cite?

 The basic elements of the citation are:

1.

Name of the author(s)

2.

Year of publication

3.

Page number or page range

4.

The exact page number must be included in direct quotations, otherwise the citation is incomplete.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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When not to cite?

 Do not cite:

1.

Your own words, ideas, research findings.

2.

Common knowledge and common facts available in several sources. (Example: the earth rotates around the sun which causes the four seasons.)

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References

 The list of all sources that you have

cited.

 Different referencing style are used in

scientific publications.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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In-text citation example APA style

The terms green buildings, high performance buildings, sustainable buildings, sustainable construction, high performance construction, or green construction are used interchangeably (Kats et al., 2003; Kibert, 2012; USGBC Research Committee, 2008; Woolley et al., 2005). Intrinsically, sustainable construction should take into account the environmental aspects through the whole life cycle of a facility, including material acquisition, installation, operation, disposal, and recycling. However, the green building definition varies and there are numerous definitions for the green building (Comstock et al., 2012; Kibert, 2007). Yudelson (2008, p. 13) defines the green building as: “A high-performance property that considers and reduces its impact on the environment and human health”. According to Yudelson (2008, p. 13), the green building is designed to use less energy and water as well as to reduce the life cycle environmental impact of the used material.

Adopted from: Dwaikat, L.N. and Ali, K.N. (2016). Green buildings cost premium : a review of empirical evidence. Energy & Buildings, 110, 396–403. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.02 41

List of References example APA style

Comstock, M., Garrigan, C., & Pouffary, S. (2012). Building design and construction: forging resource efficiency and sustainable development, a report produced under the coordination and supervision unep-dtie. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). Retrieved 25 February 2014, from: http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/UNEP_SBCI_PositionPaperJune2012.pdf Kats, G., Alevantis, L., Berman, A., Mills, E., & Perlman, J. (2003). The costs and financial benefits of green buildings. a report to california’s sustainable building task force. U.S Green Building Council. Retrieved 4 April 2014, from: http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf Kibert, C. j. (2012). Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. (3rd edition). Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. USGBC Research Committee. (2008). A national green building research agenda. U.S. Green Building Council. Retrieved 15 March 2014, from: http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs3402.pdf Woolley, T., Kimmins, S., Hattison, P., & Harrison, R. (2005). Green building handbook: volume 1: a guide to building products and their impact on the environment. (Adobe eReader Format), Taylor & Francis. Yudelson, J. (2008b). The green building revolution. Washington, D.C: Island Press.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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In-text citation example Vancouver style/Numbers system

The terms green buildings, high performance buildings, sustainable buildings, sustainable construction, high performance construction, or green construction are used interchangeably [2,12,19,20] . Intrinsically, sustainable construction should take into account the environmental aspects through the whole life cycle of a facility, including material acquisition, installation, operation, disposal, and recycling. However, the green building definition varies and there are numerous definitions for the green building [21,22]. Yudelson [23] defines the green building as: “A high-performance property that considers and reduces its impact on the environment and human health”. According to Yudelson [23], the green building is designed to use less energy and water as well as to reduce the life cycle environmental impact of the used material.

Adopted from: Dwaikat, L.N. and Ali, K.N. (2016). Green buildings cost premium : a review of empirical evidence. Energy & Buildings, 110, 396–403. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.02 43

List of References example Vancouver style/Numbers system

[2] C. j Kibert, Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2012. [12] G. Kats, L. Alevantis, A. Berman, E. Mills, J. Perlman, The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green

  • Buildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, U.S Green Building Council,
  • 2003. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf (accessed April 4, 2014).

[19] USGBC Research Committee, A National Green Building Research Agenda, U.S. Green Building Council, 2008. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/General/Docs3402.pdf (accessed March 15, 2014). [20] T. Woolley, S. Kimmins, P. Hattison, R. Harrison, Green Building Handbook: Volume 1: A Guide to Building Products and Their Impact on the Environment, (Adobe eReader Format), Taylor & Francis, 2005. [21] M. Comstock, C. Garrigan, S. Pouffary, Building Design and Construction: Forging Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Development, a report produced under the coordination and supervision UNEP-DTIE, United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), 2012. http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/UNEP_SBCI_PositionPaperJune2012.pdf (accessed February 25, 2014). [22] C.J. Kibert, The next generation of sustainable construction, Build. Res. Inf. 35 (2007) 595–601. doi:10.1080/09613210701467040. [23] J. Yudelson, The Green Building Revolution, Island Press, Washington, D.C, 2008. 44

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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Direct quotation example

A single case is used because it is a critical, extreme, or unique case (Flyvbjerg, 2006; Hancock & Algozzine, 2006; Yin, 2009, p. 47), or it is a typical case representing a group of cases (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 146; Seawright & Gerring, 2008). Yin (2009, p. 52) contends that a single case study is a common approach in case study research, he says: Overall, the single-case design is eminently justifiable under certain conditions where the case represents (a) a critical test of existing theory, (b) a rare or unique circumstance, or (c) a representative or typical case,

  • r where the case serves a (d) revelatory or (e) longitudinal purpose.

(Yin, 2009, p. 52)

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Citing direct quotations

Saunders et al. (2009, p. 141) describes seven research strategies a researcher may choose in conducting a research which are: experiment, survey, case study, action research, grounded theory, ethnography, and archival analysis. The authors contend that “no research strategy is inherently superior or inferior to any other”, based on the need, a researcher has an option to choose

  • ne or more strategy in answering the research questions.

However, each strategy has certain conditions under which it can be adopted.

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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References Format

Printed Book:

Author, A. A. ( year). Title of book. Location : Publisher. Shotton , M. A. ( 1 989) . Computer addiction ? A study of computer

  • dependency. London, England: Taylor & Francis.

E-Book:

Shotton , M. A. ( 1 989) . Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from http://www. ebookstore. tandf.co.u k/htm l/index.asp

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References Format

Journal article:

Author, A. A., Author 2, B. B. ( year). Title of article. Title of journal, volume(issue), pp.-pp. doi: 00000000000000000. Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13. doi:000000000

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Professional Practices & Technical Writing

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References Format

Printed Report:

Author, A. A. ( 1 998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx) . Location : Publisher Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green

  • Buildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force. New York:

U.S Green Building Council

Online-Report:

Author, A. A. (1998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx). , Retrieved from Agency name website : http://www.website.com Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green

  • Buildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, U.S Green

Building Council, 2003. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf (accessed April 4, 2014).

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References Format

Printed Report:

Author, A. A. ( 1 998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx) . Location : Publisher Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green

  • Buildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force. New York:

U.S Green Building Council

Online-Report:

Author, A. A. (1998) . Title of work (Report No. xxx). , Retrieved from Agency name website : http://www.website.com Kats, G., Alevantis, L. (2003). The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green

  • Buildings. A Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force, U.S Green

Building Council, 2003. http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/News/News477.pdf (accessed April 4, 2014).

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