Country Diagnostic Study Outline: Bhutan I. Rationale II. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Country Diagnostic Study Bhutan

Dil Maya Rai Social Development Consultant Bhutan Environs, P/Box 1702, Thimphu Emails: dilbanos@yahoo.com/diltshering@gmail.com Ph: +975 1711 3674 ( mobile), +975 2 365036 ( Land line)

I. Rationale II. Social Programs/Policies:

• Objectives
• Targets
• Achievements

Outline:

• Achievements
• III. Conclusion as Findings

IV. Recommendations/ Way forward

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Background

Population approx. 700,000

More than 60% is rural population who practice subsistence agriculture; Difficult terrain challenges; Poverty rate of the country is 23%; poverty line Poverty rate of the country is 23%; poverty line being 1.25USD/day; GDP per capita >USD4K; Rupee Crunch, FC shortage Development Philosophy: GNH, planned in FYPs Income inequality between the 20 percent rich and 80 percent poor: > 10x.

ADB-Country Diagnostic Study_Bhutan /Social Policies and Safety Nets Dil Maya Rai 10/22/2012

• II. Social Programs, their objectives and targets:
• 1. Renewable Natural Resources (RNR):

Objectives:

• i. To achieve food self sufficiency ( 65% rice sufficiency

by 2013); Promote income generation for self sufficiency; sufficiency;

• ii. To enhance market value and reduce post harvest

losses of all agri-products;

• iv. To ensure adequate input supply for improving

livestock productions in rural areas;

• v. To help the rural farmers in crises of loss of their

livelihoods and empowerment;

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Targets of RNR Programs:

i. To reduce rural poverty from 30.9 to 20% by end of 10FYP;

• ii. To increase annual HH income from Nu. 10,700-

35,000 per annum; 35,000 per annum;

• iii. To increase/handover as Community Forestry

(Participatory Forestry) from 1% to 4% from the General Reserve Forest Cover by 2013;

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Findings- RNR Sector: i. Poverty Rate as of 2010: 23%;

• ii. Increase in the Cereal (Rice) Production from

156,304MT to 161,000MT as of 2010 making Agriculture the highest contributor to RNR Agriculture the highest contributor to RNR GDP.(Source: FAO Country Profile, updated in June 2011);

• iii. RNR- Sector-2nd largest contributor to

National GDP per RNR Statistics 2011.

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Poverty Rates/trends in Bhutan ( per MDG Midway Report 2008, pg 30):

Indicators 2000 2004 2007 2015 Remarks/Status Proportion of 36.3% 31.7 23.2 20 On Track Proportion of population below poverty line 36.3% 31.7 23.2 20 On Track Human Poverty Index 33.35% 33 27.1

• Insufficient data

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Sector-wise GDP Contribution at Current Prices (in Million Nu.):

Sectors 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 All Sectors 36,112 40,674 49,457 54,713 61,224 72,487 RNR Sector 8,067 8,707 9,234 10,078 11,159 12,178 RNR Sector 8,067 8,707 9,234 10,078 11,159 12,178 Agriculture 3,685 3,926 4,377 5,061 5,668 6,530 Livestock 2,261 2,467 2,531 2,625 2,895 3,110 Forest & Loggin 2,120 2,315 2,326 2,323 2,596 2,538

Source: Statistical Yearbook, 2011. NSB

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• 2. Health Programs: National Health Policy,

2011-Social Welfare Policy Statistics: 28 Hospitals, 156 BHUs and 654 Outreach Clinics. i.

• a. Mother and Child Health- Free Ante/Post Natal

Cares; Immunization to Children; ii.

• c. WASH-Rapid Awareness raised;
• iii. d. HIV/Aids- Growing Concern.

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2.1 Targets of Health Programs:

i. To reduce IMR per 1000 live births from 40.1 in 2005 to 25 at the end of 10th FYP (2013); ii. To reduce U5MR per 1000 live births from 61.5 in 2005 to 35 by 2013;

• iii. To reduce MMR per 100,000 live births from 255 to

140 by 2013. (Source: Annual Health Bulletin 2009);

• iv. To increase percentage of Health facilities from 40%

to 80 by 2013.

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Reduction trend of IMR and MMR of MoH.

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Source: NHS (1984,1994,2000), MoH & MDG Report Source: NHS (1984, 1994, 2000) & PHCB 2005

• ii. To reach out to more than 90% of the

country’s population with quality health care by building more BHUs/ORCs around the country; Numbers of Health Infrastructure in 2008 and 2010:

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and 2010:

Achievements of WASH Program in percentage of coverage in 2008 and 2010:

Activi ties Latrines Water Supply Drainage and Footpath HH with Animal Shed HH with garbage pits

• iii. Improve the health of the rural population through

provision of safe drinking water and promotion of improved sanitary latrines;

Footpath Shed pits Years 2008 2010 200 8 2010 200 8 201 200 8 201 200 8 201 Perce ntage 90.8 92.5 83.2 87.8 57.7 55.1 85.4 48.1 73.2 69.9

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• iv. Halt and begin to reverse the spread of

HIV/AIDS ( Target 7 of MDG Goal 6);

• Target 8: Halt and begin to reverse the

spread malaria and other major diseases; spread malaria and other major diseases; Achievements in the MDG 6 in the next slide:

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The table shows alignment and achievements of MDG 6: Combat HIV Aids/ alaria and Other Diseases:

• Source: www.undp.org.bt/mdg_6.htm
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Deliberate Poverty Reduction Efforts of RGOB

• 5. REAP (Rural Economic Advancement Program):

First of its kind-Targeted Poverty Intervention; Implemented by GNHC since 2010.; Initially done by UNDP ( since 2008):

Features of REAP: Features of REAP:

Holistic and integrated approach Targeted poverty interventions Mainstreaming gender and children Participatory development approach Anchoring implementation at the local level Sustainable rural livelihoods through income generation support

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Objective (s): To reduce poverty; generate

income; level playing field through farmers’ groups

Target (s):

REAP

Target (s):

• i. To reduce poverty from 23% to15% by end of

10th FYP;

• ii. In the 2nd phase, 116 villages will be covered vs.

10 villages in the first phase ( 2010-2012);

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Achievements of REAP (Qualitative): a) Improved agricultural productivity, including diversification for enhanced food security; b) Generated employment targeting micro- entrepreneurs and farmers’ associations; and entrepreneurs and farmers’ associations; and c) Developed capacities of community groups through establishment of self-help groups.

Source: UNDP, MDG 1: Achievements and Scaling up Strategies Report Submitted by IMS, December 2011.

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• 6. Gender and Development
• A. Institutions/Organizations
• 1. NCWC-
• 2. RENEW

a) WCPU

b) Volunteers

• 3. BAOWE- Pvt. Sector Organization
• 3. BAOWE- Pvt. Sector Organization
• B. Acts/ Regulations
• 1. CEDAW-1981, CRC- International Conventions
• 2. DV Act-2012
• 3. Marriage Act-2011
• 4. Women and Child Protection Act,2010

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Findings

Many Social Programs have no baseline studies, no assessment/evaluation of the success/failures; Challenging to recommend up scaling and replication

• f programs since most programs/projects are

grant/loan based; Role of Private Sector-bare minimum; constant war of mistrust between the Public and Private Sector; No sovereign guarantees for External Credit Borrowing yet ; Economic and Fiscal policy limited to Public Sector enhancement

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Findings_2

Clear/Measurable baseline and target indicators missing for many programs in the past; Many programs have duplicated objectives and interventions making it challenging to attribute the achievements to any single program; achievements to any single program; Gender and Development-Women’s roles in public life still insignificant vs. the approx. 1:1 population ratio. Social Protection-poor for elderly and unemployed; disintegrating extended family values...

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Findings_3

Funds for the projects/programs during implementation are adequate as most of them are project based; Sustainability of projects- biggest challenge; minimal continuity of programs; Economic conditions leading to widening gaps between rich and poor; “inclusiveness” in Law/Constitution, poor in implementation; Geographic Conditions- serious impediment to development

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Recommendations/Way Forward

Rural Economic Advancement Program should continue because approx.60% of population still based in the rural areas and it has a multipronged- multi sectoral approach; Make RNR Sector friendlier to the unemployed to expedite the poverty reduction; All Programs need periodical evaluation/assessment with clear baseline and target indicators;

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Recommendations/Way forward_2

Continuity/replication of Programs should be based on assessments of the said programs in the past with exception to necessary programs like Health and Education; Common Forum/Platform for the Program Common Forum/Platform for the Program Implementers should be created for effective delivery

• n the program objectives and to avoid duplication;

Holistic Economic and Fiscal Policy required; forces of economy need alternative options -Free Market?

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Recommendations/Way forward_3

Private sector to be boosted for real and not just in policy briefs; Tangible benefits for the vulnerable groups-

• ld, young, unemployed, far flung and
• ld, young, unemployed, far flung and

minority groups; Explicit programs for Gender Inclusiveness and deliberate efforts required to tap the potential

• f the other half of the population.

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