Cotton Seed Treatments and Insecticides Seedling Disease and Insect - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Cotton Seed Treatments and Insecticides Seedling Disease and Insect - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 16, 2023 5 likes •607 views

Cotton Seed Treatments and Insecticides Seedling Disease and Insect Update J. Terry Pitts OSU A OSU Area Extension IPM Specialist - Entomologist E t i IPM S i li t E t l i t Altus, OK The cotton seedling disease complex involves the

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SLIDE 1

Cotton Seed Treatments and Insecticides

Seedling Disease and Insect Update

  • J. Terry Pitts

OSU A E t i IPM S i li t E t l i t OSU Area Extension IPM Specialist - Entomologist Altus, OK

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SLIDE 2

The cotton seedling disease complex involves the following fungal pathogens… g g p g

  • Pythium spp.

y pp

  • Rhizoctonia solani
  • Thielaviopsis basicola
  • Thielaviopsis basicola
  • Fusarium solani
  • Seed-borne fungi that are harmful to

germination (Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp.,

Rhi ) Rhizopus spp.)

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SLIDE 3

Pythium spp. Pythium spp.

  • Found in most soils
  • Invades under cold, wet field conditions
  • Attacks within hours of planting ( = seed rot )
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SLIDE 4

Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia solani

  • Attacks young, emerging seedling

y g, g g g at the soil line causing “damping-

  • ff” of the seedling or “soreshin”.
  • Hypocotyl lesions are generally

reddish brown in color and k sunken

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SLIDE 5

S dli di Seedling diseases

Epidermal & cortical tissue scrapes off, leaving the white, vascular tissue, intact.

Healthy roots vs. diseased roots

Thielaviopsis basicola

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SLIDE 6

Fusarium solani Fusarium solani

  • This pathogen may be

associated with seed or associated with seed or found in soil. It attacks young roots deriving young roots, deriving nutrition from the plant.

  • Reddish lesions are

diagnostic on the root diagnostic on the root.

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SLIDE 7

Seedborne fungal pathogens or “J k F i” “Junk Fungi”

S db f i d i

Rhizopus spp

  • Seedborne fungi derive

nutrients from the seed, affecting seed germination

Rhizopus spp.

affecting seed germination

  • ver time.

Aspergillus spp. Penicillium spp.

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SLIDE 8

Treated

Check

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SLIDE 9

% Stand - Cotton Fungicides Fungicides

Average of 5 Locations*

Early Stand Final Stand

72.2 74.2 67

7 8

48.8

6 7

% Stand

43.8 40.6

4 5

%

3

Untreated Vortex Allegiance Baytan Maxim Nuflow M Apron XL

* Locations: 1) Altus, 2) Brownfield, 3) Lubbock, 4) Seminole, 5) Welch

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SLIDE 10

Cotton Seed Treatments Cotton Seed Treatments

Treatment Pythium

Rhizoctonia Thielaviopsis Fusaruim

Seed Co.

Vortex Allegiance Baytan Excellent Good Excellent Fair Fiber-Max, Stoneville, AFD DPL Baytan AFD, DPL Maxim Apron XL Excellent Good Good Fair DPL NuFlow M Vitavax PCNB Good Good Slight Good All-Tex Allegiance Baytan Thiram Excellent Good Excellent Fair Cropland, Americot Allegiance

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SLIDE 11

2007 Beltwide Fungicide

Seed Treatment Trial – 17 and 5 Locations

84 4 74 8 84.4 82.4 80.2 81 73 80

% STAND

74.8 73 71 67 70 70 Untreated Vortex Allegiance Baytan Maxim Apron NFM 59 60 p VV PCNB All Baytan Thiram All 50 Beltwide (17)* Altus Tipton Perkins Beltwide (17) Altus, Tipton, Perkins, Lubbock & Canyon

*All Cotton States

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SLIDE 12
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SLIDE 13

Maximum Ambient Temperature Mesonet Site at Altus Site at Altus 4 Year Average - MAY

0F

OSU

OKLAHOMA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
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SLIDE 14

Minimum Ambient Temperature Mesonet Site at Altus Site at Altus 4 Year Average - May

0F

90 100 50 60 70 80 20 30 40 50 20 1-May 8-May 15-May 22-May

2004 2005 2006 2007 Average

OSU

OKLAHOMA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
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SLIDE 15

Cotton Seed Germination and Emergence

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SLIDE 16

Cotton Root Development Cotton Root Development

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SLIDE 17

Cold Chilling Injury Cold Chilling Injury

Cold Chilling Injury

N l Chilling Injury Normal

60-65 degrees F

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SLIDE 18

Cotton Sensitivity to Cold T D i G i i Temperature During Germination

HIGH Increased Water Uptake Metabolism Dry Seed Radicle Growth

At a minimum, soil temperatures in the seed and root zone should exceed 60 degrees F and the five day forecast for daytime maximum temperatures should exceed 80 degrees F.

Days after Planting

Additionally, nighttime minimum temperatures should be forecast to be above 50 degrees for the following 5 days

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SLIDE 19

The first 40 days in the life of a cotton plant the life of a cotton plant.

Leaf expansion Emergence Shoot growth Germination R t t bli h t Root establishment Root growth

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SLIDE 20

Root nemesis

Root Knot nematode Reniform nematode

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SLIDE 21

Thrips Thrips

Oklahoma Survey Oklahoma Survey Thrips Occurrence on Cotton 91% Western Flower Thrips 28% Flower Thrips 18% T b Th i 18% Tobacco Thrips 18% Onion Thrips

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SLIDE 22

Extension Cotton Specialists Working Group

  • Auburn University

Ch l B t

Clemson University

  • Charles Burmester
  • Dale Monks
  • University of Arkansas
  • Tom Barber
  • Mike Jones

University of Tennessee

  • Chris Main

Tom Barber

  • University of Georgia
  • Steve Brown
  • University of Florida

Texas AgriLife Extension Service

  • Randy Boman
  • Robert Lemon
  • David Wright
  • University of California – Davis
  • Bob Hutmacher

L i i St t U i it

Virginia Tech

  • Joel Faircloth

University of Arizona

  • Louisiana State University
  • Sandy Stewart
  • North Carolina State University
  • Keith Edmisten

y

  • Randy Norton

Mississippi State University

  • Darrin Dodds

Keith Edmisten

  • Oklahoma State University
  • J.C. Banks

Darrin Dodds

Kansas State University

  • Stewart Duncan
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SLIDE 23

At-Plant Insecticide / Nematicide P d t Products

  • Avicta Complete Pack

Avicta Complete Pack

  • Aeris
  • Temik
  • Temik
  • Cruiser/Dynasty CST

U d

  • Untreated
  • Orthene 97
  • No Orthene
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SLIDE 24

At-Plant Insecticide/Nematicide Products B lt id Vi R ti ~ Belt-wide - Vigor Ratings ~

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SLIDE 25

At-Plant Insecticide/Nematicide Products

B lt id

Th i R ti ~ Belt-wide - Thrips Ratings ~

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SLIDE 26

At-Plant Insecticide/Nematicide Products

B lt id

Li t Yi ld (lb/A) ~ Belt-wide - Lint Yield (lb/A) ~

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SLIDE 27

At-Planting Insecticide Test- Average Yield over 3 Years Average Yield over 3 Years

OSU, Altus, OK, 2003,2005 & 2007

1296 1300 1211 1222 1250 1300 1150 1200 1050 1100 11 lbs over 85 lbs over 1000 1050 Untreated Temik 5 lb/a Cruiser UTC UTC Average over 2003, 2005 + 2007

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SLIDE 28

Thrips Counts Week 2

30 May - 1 true leaf stage (26 DAP; 3 DAT - Orthene)

Thrips Counts Week 2

2.0 2.5 Adults Immatures

a ps per plant

1.5

a Thrip

0.5 1.0

b b b

U n t r e a t e d m i k 3 . 5 l b s e m i k 5 l b s A v i c t a C P A e r i s e n e 3 . 2

  • z

C r u i s e r G a u c h

  • G

0.0

b b b b b

U T e m i T e m A O r t h e n G

  • Dr. Kerns

TAMU, Lubbock

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SLIDE 29

Yield – Thrips Test p

29 October

1200 1400

e a ab bc cd abc bc de

~350 lbs ~256 lbs

s lint/acre

600 800 1000

Exceeded threshold on weeks 1 & 2

lbs

200 400 600 U n t r e a t e d i k 3 . 5 l b s m i k 5 l b s A v i c t a C P A e r i s n e 3 . 2

  • z

C r u i s e r G a u c h

  • G

200 U n T e m i k T e m A v O r t h e n e C G a u

  • Dr. Kerns

TAMU, Lubbock

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SLIDE 30

Net Return – Thrips Test

200

a

Net Return Thrips Test

cre)

150

ab abc Return ($/ac

100

bc bc Net R

50

cd d

191.57 $148.15 $98.51 $64.94 $139.88 $96.51 $23.09

U n t r e a t e d i k 3 . 5 l b s m i k 5 l b s A v i c t a C P A e r i s n e 3 . 2

  • z

C r u i s e r G a u c h

  • G

d

$1 $ $ $ $ $

U n T e m i k T e m A v O r t h e n G a

  • Dr. Kerns

TAMU, Lubbock

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SLIDE 31

THRIPS CONTROL THRIPS CONTROL

  • At-Planting
  • Foliar

At Planting

– Orthene G or S – Furadan F

Foliar

– Bidrin MW – Cygon (Dimethioate) – Temik G – Thimet 20G or 15G yg ( ) EC – Centric O th S – Disyston E or G

S d T t t

– Orthene S – Phaser (Thiodan)

  • Seed Treatment

– Cruiser 5FS Gaucho Grande 600

Control when number of thrips equal The number of leaves present up to 5-7 T l

– Gaucho Grande 600

True leaves.

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SLIDE 32

Visual Thrips Damage Rating Scale of 1 5 1 = No damage 5 = severe damage Scale of 1-5, 1 = No damage, 5 = severe damage

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SLIDE 33

Visual Thrips Damage Rating Scale of 1 5 1 = No damage 5 = severe damage Scale of 1-5, 1 = No damage, 5 = severe damage

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SLIDE 34
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SLIDE 35

Recommended Insecticides – Cotton Aphid

  • Centric 40 WG – Neonicotinoid

Centric 40 WG Neonicotinoid

  • Intruder 70 WSP – Neonicotinoid

T i 4 4 SC N i ti id

  • Trimax 4.4 SC – Neonicotinoid
  • Carbine 50 WG – Pyrethroid/Carboxamide
  • Dr. Roger Leonard, LSU
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SLIDE 36

Cotton Aphid Control Issues, 2006 - 2007

  • Localized Problems
  • M lti l

A li ti

  • Multiple Applications
  • Increasing Neonicotinoid Rates
  • Inconsistent Control Within Fields

►Variability Among Plants ►Variability Among Plants ►Variability Within a Given Plant

  • Dr. Roger Leonard, LSU
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SLIDE 37

Impact of At-Planting Insecticides on A hid P l ti Impact of At-Planting Insecticides on A hid P l ti Aphid Populations Aphid Populations

60 50 60 Non-Treated Cruiser Plants 30 40 Temik nfested P 10 20 Percent In 6/4 6/5 6/6 6/7 6/8 6/9 6/10 6/11 6/12 6/13 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 6/19 6/20 6/21 P 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

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SLIDE 38

Neonicotinoid Efficacy Against Cotton Aphid LSU AgCenter Macon Ridge Station

90 100

LSU AgCenter - Macon Ridge Station

80 90

rol

70

nt Contr

50 60

Percen

40

2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year

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SLIDE 39

Cotton Aphid Susceptibility - Thiamethoxam

90

TMX 1 ppm

% Mortality at 72 hrs

60 70 80

TMX 1 ppm TMX 15 ppm

40 50 60 20 30 40 10 PRE POST #1 POST #2

Huff Farm VBRC Baseline

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SLIDE 40

2007 Summary – Thiamethoxam C tt A hid S tibilit M it i Cotton Aphid Susceptibility Monitoring

A li ti LC Avg Location Application Timing LC50 Avg. (ppm) Huff Farm, LA Pre 4.53 Huff Farm, LA Post #1 15.39 Huff Farm, LA Post #2 16.53

Syngenta, Vero Beach Lab Strain –TMX LC50 – 5.0 ppm

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SLIDE 41

Cotton Aphids Cotton Aphids

  • Bidrin
  • Lannate LV

Bidrin

  • Cygon (Dimethioate)

EC Lannate LV

  • Leverage
  • Lorsban E
  • Di-Syston EC
  • Centric

Lorsban E

  • Provado
  • Phaser

Centric

  • Curacron E
  • Intruder
  • Phaser

(endosulfan)EC

  • Thiodan EC and WP
  • Intruder
  • Thiodan EC and WP
  • Trimax

Control should be initiated when 50% Control should be initiated when 50% Of the terminals are infested and when Infestation exceeds 50 aphids/leaf

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SLIDE 42

Cotton Fleahopper Cotton Fleahopper

  • M. N. Parajulee

Cotton Entomology Program Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center Extension Center Lubbock, Texas

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SLIDE 43

I ntroduction

Small insects, piercing-sucking mouthparts mouthparts. Feed on several weed and cultivated hosts. Overwinter in trash around field Overwinter in trash around field borders. Emerge in the spring/ early summer Emerge in the spring/ early summer and feed on cotton. Pinhead square or smaller fruits.

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SLIDE 44

Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Host Plants Host Plants

Spring Spring-

  • 23 sp

23 sp

Chaerophyllum tainturieri Southern chervil Medicago polymorpha Bur clover Rapistrum rugosum Turnip weed Trifolium incarnatum Crimson clover Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot pigweed Pyrrhopappus carolinianus False dandelion Oenothera speciosa Evening primrose Melilotus indicus Yellow sweetclover Dracopis amplexicaulis Clasping-leaf coneflower False dandelion Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade Yellow sweetclover Ratibida columnifera Mexican hat Monarda citriodora

Summer Summer

Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade Monarda citriodora Horsemint Helenium amarum sneezeweed Amaranthus hybridus Slim amaranth Ratibida columnifera Mexican hat Verbena neomexicana Hillside vervain Dracopis amplexicaulis Clasping-leaf coneflower Phyla incisa Sawtooth frogfruit Chrysopsis pilosa Soft golden aster Ruellia nudiflora Common wild petunia Medicago sativa Alfalfa Pyrrhopappus carolinianus False dandelion

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SLIDE 45

Fall Fall-

  • 15 sp

15 sp

Conyza canadensis Horseweed Phyla incisa Sawtooth frogfruit Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade Verbena neomexicana Hillside vervain Ambrosia trifida Giant ragweed Parthenium hysterophorus False ragweed Rapistrum rugosum Turnip weed Croton capitatus Goatweed Solidago spp. Goldenrod Verbesina encelioides Crownbeard Xanthium strumarium Rough cocklebur Vicia angustifolia Common vetch Medicago sativa Alfalfa Pyrrhopappus carolinianus False dandelion Stellaris media Chickweed

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SLIDE 46

% Fleahopper Control Bollgard Cotton Bollgard Cotton

Altus, OK, 2005

50 70 90 10 30 50

  • 30
  • 10

4 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA

  • 50

Intruder .035 oz Intruder 0.067 Centric 1.48 oz Centric 2.9 oz Vydate 8.5 oz Orthene 5.5 Centric 2.9 oz Vydate 8.5 oz Orthene 5.5

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SLIDE 47

Yield Fleahopper Test

  • n Bollgard Cotton
  • n Bollgard Cotton

Altus, OK, 2005

1500 1145 1382 1230 1348 1204 1315 1207 1200 1300 1400 1500 1145 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 nsd Lint lb/a Untreated Intruder .035 oz Intruder 0.067 Centric 1.48 oz Centric 2 9 oz Vydate 8 5 oz Orthene 5 5 Centric 2.9 oz Vydate 8.5 oz Orthene 5.5

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SLIDE 48

Cotton Fleahoppers Cotton Fleahoppers

  • Bidrin
  • Phaser

Bidrin

  • Cygon (Dimethioate)

EC Phaser

  • Provado
  • Steward
  • Centric
  • Intruder

Steward

  • Thiodan
  • Trimax

Intruder

  • Lorsban
  • Orthene
  • Trimax
  • Vydate
  • Orthene

Treat when 40 or more fleahopers are found per 100 terminals the first three weeks of squaring Control 100 terminals, the first three weeks of squaring. Control After 7-25 in not recommended.

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SLIDE 49

STINK BUGS STINK BUGS STINK BUGS STINK BUGS

Green Green Green Green Brown Brown S t S th G G Sou

  • uth

thern ern G Green reen

TAMU Extension

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SLIDE 50

Stink Bugs in Cotton Stink Bugs in Cotton

  • Acephate 90

Acephate 90 Bid i

  • Bidrin
  • Orthene 97
  • Vydate C-LV

Treat when 20% of 12-16 day-old bolls Have internal injury. Populations are Often clumped so taking numerous Samples is recommended.

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SLIDE 51

Miticide Efficacy High Plains Miticide Efficacy High Plains

  • Dr. David Kerns, Agri-Life, Lubbock, TX
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SLIDE 52

Miticide Treatments

T t t/f l ti C Rate amt d t/ Treatment/formulation Common name product/acre

Untreated Untreated

  • Oberon 4SC

Spiromesifen 4 fl-oz Oberon 4SC Spiromesifen 8 fl-oz Oberon 4SC Spiromesifen 8 fl-oz Fujimite 0.4EC (Portal) Fenpyroximate 10 fl-oz Fujimite 0 4EC (Portal) Fenpyroximate 16 fl-oz Fujimite 0.4EC (Portal) Fenpyroximate 16 fl oz Zephyr 0.15EC Abamectin 12 fl-oz Comite II Propargite 2.25 pt Comite II Propargite 2.25 pt

All treatments included COC at 1% v/v

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SLIDE 53

Mites Mites

eaf

U n treated a

M o tiles

B sample / le 30 40

O b ero n 4 o z O b ero n 8 o z F u jim ite 10 o z F u jim ite 16 o z Z ep h yr 12 o z N S a ab a

M o tiles

ch diam MB 20 30

Z ep h yr 12 o z C o m ite II 2.25 p t b ab ab ab b

tes per 1-inc 10

b c b c b c

P re-treatm en t 3 D AT 7 D AT 14 D AT

  • No. mit

c c a b b b c c c

P re treatm en t 3 D AT 7 D AT 14 D AT

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SLIDE 54

Summary Summary

  • All treatments except Oberon required

>3 days to demonstrate activity >3 days to demonstrate activity

  • Oberon was the superior treatment,

although Zephyr was equal at 14 DAT although Zephyr was equal at 14 DAT

  • Comite II, Zephyr and the high rate of

F ji it (P t l) id d d t l Fujimite (Portal) provided good control

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SLIDE 55

Spider Mite Outbreaks Spider Mite Outbreaks

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SLIDE 56

Secondary Spider Mite Outbreaks d A ti Th h ld and Action Thresholds

  • For the most part mites in cotton are

For the most part mites in cotton are an induced pest.

– Some OPs carbamate and Some OPs, carbamate, and pyrethroids have flared spider mite populations. – Neonicotinoids have been shown to flare spider mites as well. – On the High Plains, thrips appear to be a key predator of mites.

  • Action Thresholds.
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SLIDE 57

Spider Mite Action Threshold p

  • Goal

– Before first bloom – need to prevent defoliation. – Post first bloom - need to prevent damage to leaves ibl f b ll filli responsible for boll filling.

  • Action Threshold

– Treat when 50% of the plants show noticeable leaf Treat when 50% of the plants show noticeable leaf damage and the mite population appears to be

  • increasing. Spot treatment of fields is encouraged

h i f t ti t i t d t ll when infestations are restricted to small areas. – Crop should be protected to NAWF = 5 + 650-750 DD60s. DD60s.

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SLIDE 58

Spider Mites in Cotton Spider Mites in Cotton

  • Bidrin
  • Kelthane

Bidrin

  • Capture
  • Comite

Kelthane

  • Zephyr
  • Oberon

Comite

  • Cygon (Dimethoate)

EC Oberon

  • Fujimite

EC

  • Curacron E

Treat when 50% of the plants show noticeable leaf damage and the mite population appears to be increasing. Spot treatment of fields is encouraged .

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SLIDE 59

QUESTIONS? / COMMENTS!

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SLIDE 60