Cooling the Public R Cooling the Public Realm ealm - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
cooling the public r cooling the public realm ealm
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Cooling the Public R Cooling the Public Realm ealm - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 16, 2022 114 likes •432 views

Cooling the Public R Cooling the Public Realm ealm Climate-Resilient Urban Design Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP City Weathers: Meteorology and Urban Design Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design Manchester Architecture

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Climate-Resilient Urban Design

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Cooling Cooling the Public R the Public Realm ealm

City Weathers: Meteorology and Urban Design

Manchester Architecture Research Centre (MARC) June 2011

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Challenges: Sustainability and Resilience

Developing the Capacity for Constant Change

Maldives government cabinet goes underwater to raise awareness of impending impacts of climate change on the Maldives and push for stronger climate resolutions (2009)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/presidencymaldives/4018855852/sizes/l

Develop elop phy physical ical & ins & instit titut utiona ional l ca capac pacit ity for

  • r con

consta tant nt chan hange ge Meet eet ene energy-redu educt ction ion goa goals ls Mit itiga igate te th the im e impac pact o t of c clima limate te chan hange ge Sus Susta tain in pop popula ulatio tion in n in mor more en e ener ergy- ef efficient ficient set ettin tings gs by by pr providing iding amenities amenities people need and w people need and want ant

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Resilient Urban Design

A Broader Paradigm

Broadening Traditional Urban Design Practices to Develop Climate-Resilient Cities Traditional Urban Design Resilient Urban Design Permeability - connectivity Resilience – Adaptive Vitality - Interactions Comfort - Environment Permeability Variety - Options Resource Efficiency - Demand, Synergy, Re-Use Legibility – Understandable Biotic Support - Environmental Diversity Health - Pathological Prevention

Adapted from Odoleye et al., (2008) Raven (2008)

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Seattle Planning & Design

Comprehensive Planning Transportation & Mobility Housing Compact & Complete Communities Public Engagement & Participation Interconnected Land Use Public Spaces Historic Preservation & Cultural Heritage Design for People Code Barriers Land Conservation Excellence in Design

Natural Systems

Natural Ecosystems Green Infrastructure Watershed & Land Use Resource Lands Water Quality & Supply Drinking Water Quality Waste Minimization Biodiversity & Invasive Species Agriculture & Aquaculture Ambient Noise & Light

Energy & Climate

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Energy Use Energy Supply Energy Smart Buildings Alternative Fuels & Infrastructure Climate Adaptation Climate Justice Industrial Sector Energy Use Agricultural Climate Impacts

Boulder

Equity Economy Environment Sustainability Environment Natural Systems Planning & Design Energy & Climate

Source: ICLEI

Economy Economic Prosperity Employment & Workforce Training Society Education, Arts & Community Health & Safety Affordability & Social Equity

Sustainability Rating Systems

Performance and Verification

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Planning Process for Sustainability and Resilience

A Systemic Approach

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Desired Outcomes Across Spatial Scales

Integrate Green Infrastructure into Urban Areas

Spatial Scales (JRaven)

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Compact Development

Benefits to Local and Regional Sustainability

Spa Spatial tial ef efficiencies ficiencies Pede edest strian rian acc access t ess to

  • pub

public tr lic transpo ansporta tation tion Open space and ha Open space and habita bitat pr t preser eserva vation tion

Development Patterns, Regional Plan Association Transit-Oriented Development

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Urban Heat Island illustration, www.epa.gov (2009). Radiant Heat, Infrared Satellite imagery, http://www.urbanheatislands. com/ (2009).

Density + Climate Change = Heat + Air Pollution?

Opportunities for Resilient Urban Design

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Ur Urban ban for

  • rm

m rela elate ted t d to

  • th

ther ermal mal ef efficienc ficiency: : Lo Low net net t ther hermal mal emis emissions ions in in com compac pact c t comm

  • mmunit

unities ies

http://www.gcp-urcm.org/files/A20060904/ theme4/stone.pdf (2006)

http://www.davidwallphoto.com (2009) http://www.re-nest.com/uimages/re-nest/5-11-2009suburb.jpg (2009).

Stone, et.al. (2001)

Climate-Resilient Urban Design

Morphological Indicators

Ther hermal mal emiss emissions ions per per par parcel cel

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Sustainable Urban Design

Broadening “Placemaking” Paradigm

Traditional Urban Design “Choice-Supporting” Paradigm Compared to “Sustainable” Urban Design Traditional Urban Design Sustainable Urban Design Permeability - connectivity Resilience – Adaptive Vitality - Interactions Comfort - Environment Permeability Variety - Options Resource Efficiency - Demand, Synergy, Re-Use Legibility – Understandable Biotic Support - Environmental Diversity Health - Pathological Prevention

Odoleye et al., (2008)

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Bouyer (2009)

Morphological Indicators + Design Guidelines

Urban Climatology into Design Language

Elementar Elementary y fr framew amewor

  • rk

k composed composed of

  • f

generic generic urban urban for

  • rm pa

m patt tter erns ns and and mor morphological phological indica indicator tors Patt tter erns ns char haracter acteriz ized ed for

  • r

clima limate te resili esilience ence to to gener generate te regional gional scenar scenarios ios Tool

  • ol de

developed f eloped for

  • r

da data ta inpu input, t t, to

  • anal

analyz yze e scenar scenarios ios

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Str Street eet and public and public space space lay layout

  • ut to

to mit mitiga igate te solar solar gain gain and and overhea erheating ting

Walter et.al. (1992).

Width Height Sky View Factor

Str Street eet cany canyon

  • n

geo geometr metry: y: Sk Sky y view view factor actor Pass assiv ive e st strate tegies gies to to incr increase ease comf comfor

  • rt

t and and reduce ener educe energy y load loads

Climate-Resilient Urban Design

Solar Design + Morphological Strategies

http://www.gvc2.gu.se/ngeo/urban/Activities/svf.htm (2009). Raven (2009).

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Urban wind flows, TR Oke (1987). Raven (2008)

Climate-Resilient Urban Design

Urban Ventilation + Morphological Strategies

Vauban, Germany

(http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/ b logs/greeninc/vauban.jpeg (2009).

Dual aspect ventilation, l'Université de Laval (2006).

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Resilient Urban Design: Sun and Wind

Passive Strategies for the Built Environment

Kolkata (Calcutta) Green Satellite Cities Project, India (JRaven)

Kolka

  • lkata

ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia

(JRaven) (JRaven)

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Integrated Systems

Urban Design Scale

Summer sun path Winter sun path

Late day summer sun

Solar path (JRaven) Planning orientation (JRaven)

Planning Planning orient

  • rientation

tion (right, (right, bott bottom)

  • m) should be

should be rota

  • tated

ted appr pproxima ximatel tely y ten ten de degrees ees to t to the he east east

  • f
  • f due sout

due south h in or in order der to to mit mitiga igate te hea heat gain fr t gain from

  • m

the the la late after te afternoon sun. noon sun. This his orient

  • rientation

tion st still ill pr provides vides optimal

  • ptimal

souther southern n expo xposur sure f e for

  • r

daylight daylighting ing and and photo photovoltaic

  • ltaic panels.

panels. Kolka

  • lkata

ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Integrated Systems

Urban Design Scale

Water flow (JRaven) Prevailing winds (JRaven) Composite (JRaven)

Kolka

  • lkata

ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Integrated Systems

Urban Design Scale

Solar path (JRaven)

Solar Solar Des Design ign Str Streets eets, , public spaces public spaces and v and vegeta getation tion ar are e con config figur ured ed to to mitiga mitigate solar te solar hea heat t gain gain and o and overhea erheating ting fr from

  • m high

igh summer summer daylight daylight and r and radiant adiant hea heat.

  • t. Buildings

Buildings ar are e designed designed accor according ding to t to the he sun' sun's s pa path th to to allo allow w indir indirect s ect summer ummer daylight daylight in in groun

  • und

d flo floor living

  • r living room
  • oms. Cool
  • s. Cool

sur surfaces aces and r and reflectiv eflective r e roof

  • ofs ar

s are e chosen hosen for high

  • r high albedo

albedo values values. Kolka

  • lkata

ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Integrated Systems

Urban Design Scale

Pass assiv ive e Ventila entilation tion Spa Spatial tial lay layout or

  • ut oriented t

iented to

  • ca

captur pture e war arm-seas season

  • n pr

prevaili vailing br ng breez eezes w es while hile vegeta getation tion and buildings ar and buildings are conf e configur igured ed to to dir direct ect desir desirable summer ble summer air air flo flows ws. . Lar Large ge cour courty tyar ards ds sur surrounded by high

  • unded by high-

den densit sity y de develop elopmen ment ar t are de e designed signed to to ca captur pture e summer summer w wind ind ed eddies. dies. Rough

  • ugh sur

surfaces aces of

  • f t

the he built built en envir vironment

  • nment cr

crea eate te desir desirable ble wi wind nd turbulenc turbulence e thr throug

  • ugh varied

h varied build building ing heights heights and conf and configur igurations tions, inc , including luding designing designing urban urban pr profiles of

  • files of var

varia iable ble heights heights wi with i th irregular gular st streets eets and and facades acades oblique to

  • blique to the w

the wind. ind.

Passive ventilation (JRaven)

High High-ceilinged, ceilinged, dual dual-aspect aspect liv living ing and w and wor

  • rking

king quar quarter ters s pr provide vide an oppor an opportunit tunity y for

  • r

cr cross

  • ss-ventila

entilation tion and solar and solar access access. . Building Building ver erandas andas and and ar arcades cades face v ace ventila entilated, ted, cool cool zones.

  • nes.

Kolka

  • lkata

ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Integrated Systems

Urban Design Scale

Gr Gree een n In Infr frastr astruc uctur ture Si Site te st stor

  • rmw

mwater ter chan hannell nelled ed into into vegeta getated ted swales ales thr throu

  • ugh

gh the settl the settleme ement nt Na Natur tural eco al ecolog logy y an and hy d hydr drolog

  • logy,

, sensiti sensitive e ar area eas s an and d land landsca scape pe eleme elements nts Per ermea meable ble surf surface aces s maxim maximiz ized ed to to inc include lude pa parking king lots lots an and d loca local l roa

  • adways.

ays. Micr icroc

  • cli

lima mates tes ar are cr e crea eated ted thr throu

  • ugh

gh plante planted d co cour urty tyar ards ds an and d shad shaded ed ar area eas. s. Vegeta getati tion con

  • n configur

figured ed for

  • r maxim

maximum um absor bsorption ption

  • f
  • f solar

solar rad adia iation tion an and a ne d a netw twor

  • rk of

k of many many small small green spaces or “urban forests” designed to mod moder erate te temp temper eratur ture. e. Gr Gree een n roo

  • ofs

fs an and li d livi ving ng walls alls ar are max e maximi imized ed an and d vege geta table ble ga garde dens ns an and r d ree eed d be beds pr ds provi vide ded Dee eep ea p eaves, es, ga gall lleries, eries, well ell-de desi sign gned ed dr draina ainage ge, , an and d ele eleva vated ted g grou

  • und

nd floo floors s de desi sign gned ed for

  • r

pr prote

  • tection

ction aga gainst mo inst monsoo nsoon n rain. ain.

Urban Drainage / Green Infrastructure (JRaven) Composite (JRaven)

Kolka

  • lkata

ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Sustaina Sustainable ble Ur Urban ban Dr Draina ainage ge Syst System (S em (SUDS) UDS) Stor Stormw mwater ter retent etention ion pon ponds ds as as design design ame amenity nity Na Natur tural al Cooling fr Cooling from

  • m

canals canals and connected and connected green een cor corridor ridors s aligned aligned wi with th pr prevaili vailing summer ng summer br breez eezes es De Development elopment pulled pulled bac back k fr from

  • m riv

riverbank erbank flood flood zone

  • ne

Thanh Hoa Capital Plan, Vietnam, Raven-LBG, 2008

Green and Blue “Fingers” through Compact City

Passive Strategies for the Built Environment

Thanh hanh Hoa Hoa Sustaina Sustainable ble De Development elopment Plan, V Plan, Vietnam ietnam

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Masdar City Model Detail , Fosters + Partners Hanoi, Vietnam, l'Université de Laval (2006). Thanh Hoa Capital Plan, Vietnam, Raven-LBG, 2008

Ener Energy-ef efficienc ficiency and and dy dynam namic pu ic public blic realm ealm: Pedes edestr trian ian-friendl friendly y neig neighbo hborh rhood

  • ods of
  • f

coo cool l str treet eets and and ur urban ban squa quares es lo lower er build building ing coo cooling ling load loads

Green and Blue “Fingers” through Compact CIty

Passive Strategies for the Built Environment

Vietnam ietnam + Abu + Abu Dha Dhabi bi

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Citadel and Green Infrastructure: SUDS Green Infrastructure and Public Spaces Historic Citadel: 1945 Citadel: Present Citadel: Phased Redevelopment

Green and Blue “Fingers” through Compact CIty

Balancing Green Development and Historic Preservation

Thanh hanh Hoa Hoa Sustaina Sustainable ble De Development elopment Plan, V Plan, Vietnam ietnam

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Canal Gateway, Thanh Hoa Capital Plan, Raven-LBG (2008)

Stor Stormw mwater ter retent etention ion as as urban urban design design amenity amenity Mult Multi-modal modal t transpor ansporta tation tion

  • ppor
  • pportunit

tunities ies Enha Enhanced nced pedest pedestrian rian connectiv connectivit ity y along canals along canals

Green and Blue “Fingers” through Compact City

Passive Strategies for the Built Environment

Thanh hanh Hoa Hoa Sustaina Sustainable ble De Development elopment Plan, V Plan, Vietnam ietnam

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Masdar / Fosters & Partners (2009).

Climate-Resilient Urban Design

Passive Energy Strategies in Compact City

Mas Masdar dar Car Carbon bon-Neutr Neutral al De Development, A elopment, Abu bu Dha Dhabi bi

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Abu Abu Dha Dhabi, U bi, UAE: P AE: Past ast & P & Present esent

Development Patterns

Challenging Context for Sustainable Design

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Shelter and Desert Climate

Challenging Context for Sustainable Design

Abu Abu Dha Dhabi, U bi, UAE: P AE: Past ast & P & Present esent

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Source: One Planet Living

Ener Energy: y: Zero Carbon - Achieve net CO2 emissions of zero Wast aste: e: Zero Waste- Eliminate waste flows to landfill and for incineration

Local / Sustainable Materials: Transform materials supply to the point where it has a net positive impact on the environment and local economy

Transpor ansporta tation: tion: Reduce reliance on private vehicles and achieve major reductions of CO2

emissions from transportation

Water ter: Achieve a positive impact on local water resources and supply Na Natur tural al Syst Systems ems / Gr / Green In een Infr frast astructur ucture: e:

Regenerate degraded environments and halt biodiversity loss; Habitats and Wildlife Local and Sustainable Food: Transform food supply to the point where it has a net positive impact on the environment, local economy and people's well-being Culture and Heritage: Protect and build on local cultural heritage and diversity Equity and Fair Trade: Ensure that the project's impact on surrounding communities is positive Health and Happiness: Increase health and quality of life

Goals

Masdar

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Gr Greenhouse eenhouse Gas Gas Mi Mitiga tigation tion

G1 Produce 100% Renewabl e Energy 103 % renewable energy production. Total electricity demand (KWh) / Total renewable energy production: (KWh) = 103% Total electricity demand: 5,352,141 (KWh) / Total PV energy production: 5,379,037 (KWh) = 100.5% 100% renewable energy, carbon neutral at the completion of the city. S+G stated that HQ will have more efficient lighting and bldg envelope to meet

  • goal. Actual % per energy balance calculation

G2-1 Minimize Embodied Carbon 550 kg CO2 e/m2 Entire Project C Neutral in 15 yrs 68,718 tCo2e 2.5m AED Carbon Credit Offsets Current CO2e per m2 = 495 kg/m2 Total embodied carbon includes all structural elements, fenestration, finishes. Does not include MEP... or Undercroft. Masdar HQ Sustainability Cost-Benefit Analysis Trellis (Top-Down Completion): Grid Connection, Construction Complexity, Cost, PV Delivery Steel Recycle Content: Schedule Concrete Additive Max: Schedule + Cost Concrete Water Curing: Schedule G2-2 Energy Efficient Building Systems Less than 20 W/m2 (peak demand) excluding plug loads 13 W/m2 exemplary Lighting +HVAC+Vertical System+Other Building System < 20W/m2 Lighting +HVAC+Vertical System+Other Building System= 18W/m2 Overall Building Lighting: 8W/m2 Office Lighting only = 7W/m2 Operational CO2= Lighting +HVAC+Vertical System+Other Building System. Plug Load is not included. Post-occupancy behavior will be tied to a "Risk Indicator Variance" protocol. Energy demand should be broken

  • ut by program, and shown with final building

performance. KPIs / Major Building Systems G

  • a

l s Metrics: HQ Goals Metrics: HQ Current Design Performance Explanation / Comments

Building Sector: Carbon Mitigation

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Masdar / Fosters & Partners (2009).

Mas Masdar dar Car Carbon bon-Neutr Neutral al De Development, A elopment, Abu bu Dha Dhabi bi

Carbon-Neutral Buildings

Low-Energy Passive Strategies

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Wind Towers: Masdar Headquarters, Smith + Gill (2009).

Carbon-Neutral Buildings

Low-Energy Passive Strategies

Wind Tower, Dubai

“Locking-in” free, pass passiv ive e benef benefit its s fr from

  • m na

natur tural al sy syst stems ems to ens to ensur ure e long long-ter term m resili esilience: ence: Dr Drawing awing inte integrated ted exper xpertis tise e fr from

  • m

ener energy, , urban urban design, design, infr infrast astructur ucture e planning, planning, clima limate te scienc science e and and g green een building building design design

Wind Towers: Masdar Headquarters, Smith + Gill (2009).

Mas Masdar dar Car Carbon bon-Neutr Neutral al De Development, A elopment, Abu bu Dha Dhabi bi

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com

Bar Barrier riers s to c to clima limate te-resili esilient ur ent urban ban design pr design practice actice as as industry standard: language, tools, process… Role

  • le of
  • f design guidelines

design guidelines in urban c in urban clima limatolog tology Cos Cost-benef benefit it nar narrativ tive e to s to stak takeholder eholders Clima Climate te-resili esilient ent urban des urban design in booming tr ign in booming tropical

  • pical

me megacities gacities and secondar and secondary y citi cities es

Reference: Cooling the Public Realm: Climate-Resilient Urban Design, Resilient Cities (Springer 2011) – www.springerlink.com

Sustainability + Resilience

Suggested Discussion and Reference