Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements, May 2017 1 U.S. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements, May 2017 1 U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S bls.gov 1 U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S bls.gov Gig economy No official BLS definition of gig economy or
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No official BLS definition of “gig economy” or
Researchers use many different definitions
CWS data allow researchers to use own
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Collected information on whether workers had: Contingent jobs—jobs that are temporary or not expected to last Alternative employment arrangements
– Independent contractors – On‐call workers – Temporary help agency workers – Contract company workers
Similar supplements were conducted in February of
Data refer to sole or main job of employed people
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Contingent workers do not have an explicit or implicit
To determine if employment is contingent, CWS asks:
If the job is temporary or not expected to continue How long the worker expects to be able to hold their job How long the worker has held their job
People who do not expect to continue in their current
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Estimate 3: Adds other workers who do not expect their jobs to last Estimate 2: Adds self‐ employed and independent contractors Estimate 1: Wage and salary workers who have worked at their jobs for a year or less and expect their jobs to last less than another year
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Estimates of contingent workers Total Percent of total employed
Estimate 1: Wage and salary workers who expect their jobs to last 1 year or less 2.0 million 1.3% Estimate 2: All workers who expect their jobs to last 1 year or less, including the self‐employed and independent contractors 2.5 million 1.6% Estimate 3: All workers who do not expect their jobs to last 5.9 million 3.8%
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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2.2 2.8 4.9 1.9 2.4 4.4 1.9 2.3 4.3 1.7 2.2 4.0 1.8 2.3 4.1 1.3 1.6 3.8 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Estimate 1 Estimate 2 Estimate 3 1995 1997 1999 2001 2005 2017
Percent
Source: Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey
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16 to 24 years, 12%
25 to 54 years, 65%
55 years and older, 23% 16 to 24 years, 28%
25 to 54 years, 55%
55 years and older, 17%
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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3.8 3.9 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Men Women Percent
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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3.7 4.0 4.9 5.1 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Percent
Note: Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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14 7 22 25 21 27 44 41 25 50 75 100 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers Bachelor's degree or higher Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Less than a high school diploma Percent distribution
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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Part time 17% Full time 83% Part time 41% Full time 59%
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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39 41 17 17 16 22 15 9 12 12 25 50 75 100 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers Production, transportation, and material moving
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Sales and office occupations Service occupations Management, professional, and related occupations Percent distribution
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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Prefer noncontingent employment 55% Prefer contingent employment 33% It depends, 10% Not available 3%
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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Percent
Source: February 2005 and May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey
59 73 18 25 79 84 52 50 30 60 90
2005 2017 2005 2017 Health insurance coverage from any source Employer‐provided health insurance coverage
Contingent workers Noncontingent workers
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Percent
Percent of contingent and noncontingent workers eligible for employer‐provided pension or retirement plans, May 2017
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
23 18 48 43
30 60 Eligible for employer‐provided pension or retirement plan Included in employer‐provided pension or retirement plan Contingent workers Noncontingent workers
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$685 $886
$0 $250 $500 $750 $1,000 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers 2017 dollars
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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1.
2.
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4.
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Independent contractors said they were independent contractors, consultants, or freelance workers
2.
On‐call workers are called into work only when they are needed, although they can be scheduled to work for several days or weeks in a row
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3.
Temporary help agency workers are paid by a temporary help agency, whether or not their job was temporary
4.
Workers provided by contract firms are employed by a company that provides them or their services to others under
they usually work at that customer’s worksite.
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Contingent workers Workers in alternative arrangements
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6.7 1.7 1.0 0.5 6.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 6.3 1.5 0.9 0.6 6.4 1.6 0.9 0.5 7.4 1.8 0.9 0.6 6.9 1.7 0.9 0.6
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms 1995 1997 1999 2001 2005 2017
Percent
Source: Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey
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Percent 4 14 16 7 13 60 59 64 68 65 37 27 20 25 22 25 50 75 100 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements 55 years and
25 to 54 years 16 to 24 years
Note: Data may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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8.4 1.7 0.9 0.8 5.3 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Men Women Percent
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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7.4 1.7 0.7 0.5 4.7 1.7 1.9 0.7 5.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 6.1 1.8 1.4 0.6 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Percent
Note: Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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10 11 11
4
7 25 27 37 27 25 27 29 26 25 27 39 34 26 43 41 25 50 75 100 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements Bachelor's degree
Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Less than a high school diploma
Percent distribution
Note: Data may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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43 36 22 49 41 18 24 14 25 17 16 11 19 7 22 16 16 6 13 9 7 13 39 7 12 25 50 75 100 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements
Production, transportation, and material moving
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Sales and office occupations Service occupations Management, professional, and related occupations
Percent distribution
Note: Data may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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79 44 39 9 43 46 25 50 75 100 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Prefer alternative arrangement Prefer traditional arrangement Percent
Workers in alternative arrangements by their preference for a traditional work arrangement, May 2017
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey Note: Data are not shown for those answering “It depends” or who did not respond. Workers provided by contract firms were not asked about their preference for a traditional arrangement.
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Percent 69 67 40 80 80 75 77 67 85 84 25 50 75 100 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements 2005 2017
Percent of workers in alternative and traditional arrangements with health insurance coverage, February 2005 and May 2017
Source: February 2005 and May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey
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Percent 26 8 49 56 28 13 41 53 25 50 75 100 On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements 2005 2017
Percent of workers in select alternative and traditional arrangements with employer‐provided health insurance, February 2005 and May 2017
Note: Estimates for employer‐provided health insurance were not tabulated for independent contractors. Source: February 2005 and May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey
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35 30 13 7 48 38 51 46 25 50 75 100 Eligible for employer‐provided pension or retirement plan Included in employer‐provided pension or retirement plan On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements Percent
Percent of workers in select alternative and traditional arrangements eligible for employer‐provided pension or retirement plans, May 2017
Note: These data were not collected for independent contractors. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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$851 $797 $521 $1,077 $884
$0 $250 $500 $750 $1,000 $1,250 $1,500 Independent contractors On‐call workers Temporary help agency workers Workers provided by contract firms Workers with traditional arrangements 2017 dollars
Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey
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Designed to identify people who found short
These data will measure electronically‐mediated
BLS evaluating data, results will be published at
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