Cont r ibut ion St r uct ur es ... Addr essing t he Cr ux of t he - - PDF document

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Cont r ibut ion St r uct ur es

... Addr essing t he Cr ux of t he Requir ement s Tr aceabilit y Pr oblem

Olly Got el & Ant hony Finkelst ein (a) Analysis of t he RT Pr oblem (b) Modelling Cont r ibut ion St r uct ur es

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To Avoid I nit ial Quest ions...

“ REQUI REMENTS TRACEABI LI TY (RT) r ef er s t o t he abilit y t o descr ibe & f ollow t he lif e of a r equir ement in bot h a f or war ds & backwar ds dir ect ion” (i.e., f r om it s or igins, t hr ough it s development & specif icat ion, t o it s subsequent deployment & use, & t hr ough all per iods of on-going r ef inement & it er at ion in any of t hese phases)

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To Avoid Even Mor e...

“Post -r equir ement s t r aceabilit y is concer ned wit h t hose aspect s of a r equir ement ’s lif e t hat r esult f r om it s inclusion in t he RS” “P r e-r equir ement s t r aceabilit y is concer ned wit h t hose aspect s of a r equir ement ’s lif e pr ior t o it s inclusion in t he RS” (i.e., r equir ement deployment ) (i.e., r equir ement pr oduct ion)

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(a) Analysis of t he RT Pr oblem

• Lit t le r eal pr ogr ess as poor

under st anding of RT

• Mult if acet ed nat ur e of RT

pr oblem

• Fr amewor k - pr e-RT &

post -RT

• Focus on pr e-RT issues -

inf or mat ional emphasis

• I nt r insic need t o locat e &

access per sonnel See I CRE ‘94 f or mor e...

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Cr ux of t he RT Pr oblem...

RS ...But who can I r ef er t o f or mor e det ails?

(b) Modelling Cont r ibut ion St r uct ur es

• Pr eliminar ies
• Out line of t he appr oach
• Relat ing agent s & ar t if act s
• Roles & commit ment s
• Relat ing ar t if act s
• I mplement at ion
• Exper iences
• Discussion

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Some Pr eliminar ies...

• Pr oblems:
• Ar t if act -based RT
• Coar se labels/ snap shot s/ lit t le use
• Scope of concer n & assumpt ions
• Requir ement s:
• Dif f er ent iat e how agent s cont r ibut e
• Account f or ar t if act -based r elat ions
• Basis f or modelling & r easoning
• Accept ance issues

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Out line of t he Appr oach...

Cont r ibut ion r elat ions Ar t if act -based RT r elat ions Qualif icat ion Social r oles & r ole r elat ions Commit ment s def ine def ine inf er inf er inf er inf er def ine/ inf er

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Augment s ar t if act -based RT wit h cont r ibut ion st r uct ur es

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Relat ing Agent s & Ar t if act s...

• Gof f man’s “par t icipant r oles”

§ Cont r ibut ion f or mat Pr incipal Aut hor Document or Ar t if act Cont r ibut ion r elat ions

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Qualif ying Cont r ibut ion Relat ions...

(signat ur es) (sour ces) (moods)

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Ar t if act P A D Appr oved, Pending, Not appr oved... Cr eat or , Ref er encer , Adopt er .... Cer t ain, Believe, I ndif f er ent , Uninf or med... Agent Agent Agent

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Roles & Commit ment s...

• I ndividual & collect ive commit ment t o ar t if act s
• Role r elat ions & social commit ment t o each ot her

Repr esent at ive Aut hor Sponsor Nominal Aut hor Tr ue Aut hor Ghost Aut hor Relayer P A D Devisor

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Relat ing Ar t if act s...

• Tempor al
• Development al
• Auxiliar y:
• Cont ainment

(layer ing & nest ing)

• Connect ivit y

(cohesion & coher ence)

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Cont ainment : Def ault Cont r ibut or s...

50 100 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 42 44 46 48

p a d p a d p a d p a d

def ault def ault def ault def ault

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Ar t if act

Connect ivit y: Aut hor ial Tr ails...

Olly (cr eat or ) Olly (adopt er ) Olly (r ef er encer ) Dave (adopt er ) Paddy (cr eat or ) Paddy (cr eat or )

backgr ound correct elabor at e

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ref erences adopts t o alt er

[ ]

adopts t o add

[ ]

t o f rame

[ ]

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I mplement at ion...

import/ export import/ export Contribution manager Traceability extension tool query/ response assert/retract contributions & contributors Contribution markup language extensions mark up inference Commitment- based fact base Inference engine Hypertextual interface Project repository traceability relations Artifact Z Artifact A Artifact details Agent details 15

Exper iences...

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• Scenar ios & what t hey show:
• Agent & ar t if act pr of iles
• Or iginal sour ce & t r ails of

cont r ibut or s

• Changing wor k ar r angement s
• Possible backups
• Many f or ms of social analyses
• WI P

:

• Case st udies & t echnology t r ansf er

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Benef it s?

Discussion...

I ssues?

• Deal wit h:
• I nf o absence
• Supplement ar y inf o
• Human aspect s
• Cont inuous change
• Pr oj ect management
• Educat ion
• Fir mest anchor
• Resist ance
• Buy-in & aut omat e
• Account abilit y:
• +ve = lear n & shar e
• -ve = blame & hide
• Cat egor ies
• Cover age
• Scaleabilit y

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Full Time Recap...

• Cr ux of RT pr oblem is locat ion &

access of per sonnel

• Model “cont r ibut ion st r uct ur es”

under lying r equir ement s ar t if act s

• Use t o augment ar t if act -based RT,

pr ovide per sonnel-based RT, & mor e...

• Most lever age wit h RT pr oblem by

t ying PEOPLE int o RT equat ion

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For Fur t her Det ails...

I can be cont act ed at :

• czg@doc.ic.ac.uk

Depar t ment of Comput ing I mper ial College of Science, Technology & Medicine 180, Queen’s Gat e London SW7 2BZ Paper s can be f ound at : f t p dse.doc.ic.ac.uk dse-paper s/ viewpoint s

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