Constraints on air-sea carbon fluxes from atmospheric potential - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Constraints on air-sea carbon fluxes from atmospheric potential - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 26, 2024 326 likes •581 views

Constraints on air-sea carbon fluxes from atmospheric potential oxygen Laure Resplandy Scripps Institution of Oceanography R. Keeling (Scripps) ; A. Jacobson (NOAA) ; B. Stephens, J. Bent (NCAR) S. Khatiwala (Oxford, UK) ; C. Rdenbeck (MPI,

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SLIDE 1

Laure Resplandy

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

  • R. Keeling (Scripps); A. Jacobson (NOAA); B. Stephens, J. Bent (NCAR)
  • S. Khatiwala (Oxford, UK); C. Rödenbeck (MPI, Germany)

Constraints on air-sea carbon fluxes from atmospheric potential oxygen

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SLIDE 2

Air-sea CO2 fluxes

  • 106 -60 0 60 106

Annual net flux [gC/m2/y]

Takahashi et al., 2009

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SLIDE 3

Air-sea CO2 fluxes

  • 106 -60 0 60 106

Annual net flux [gC/m2/y]

sink sink source

Takahashi et al., 2009

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SLIDE 4
  • 106 -60 0 60 106

Annual net flux [gC/m2/y]

Air-sea CO2 fluxes

sink sink source

Takahashi et al., 2009

Ocean interior inversion

(Jacobson et al., 2007)

Ocean surface pCO2

(Takahashi et al., 2009)

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SLIDE 5

Air-sea CO2 fluxes (a)symmetry

90S 20S Eq 20N 90N

CO2pi Pacific Ocean

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SLIDE 6

Air-sea CO2 fluxes asymmetry

Atlantic Ocean

90S 20S Eq 20N 90N

CO2pi

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SLIDE 7

Air-sea CO2 fluxes asymmetry

90S 20S Eq 20N 90N

CO2pi transport asymmetry Global Ocean CO2pi

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SLIDE 8

90S 20S Eq 20N 90N

Air-sea CO2 fluxes asymmetry

Global Ocean CO2pi transport asymmetry

CO2 difference (ppm)

1

  • 1

From 50 yrs CO2 data

Keeling et al., 2011

  • 0.8 ppm

South Pole SPO Mauna Loa MLO Inferred pre-industrial

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SLIDE 9

90S 20S Eq 20N 90N

Air-sea CO2 fluxes asymmetry

Global Ocean CO2pi transport asymmetry

CO2 difference (ppm)

1

  • 1

South Pole SPO Mauna Loa MLO Inferred pre-industrial

  • 0.8 ppm

Ocean inversion

Gloor et al, 2003

  • 0.4 ppm

From 50 yrs CO2 data

Keeling et al., 2011

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SLIDE 10

Can we further constrain the hemispheric asymmetry? Atmospheric data: potential oxygen

  • Where do the biases come from?

Link between heat and carbon ocean transport

  • Can we improve the air-sea flux prior?
  • 1

2 …

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SLIDE 11

South

  • Equator
  • North

CO2 O2︸ 1.1 CO2 O2︸ 1.4 CO2 O2 CO2 O2

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen tracks air-sea flux

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen

(Keeling and Manning, review Treatise on Geochem. 2014)

  • APO = O2 + 1.1 CO2
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SLIDE 12

South

  • Equator
  • North

CO2 O2︸ 1.4 CO2 O2 CO2 O2

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen tracks air-sea flux

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen

(Keeling and Manning, review Treatise on Geochem. 2014)

  • APO = O2 + 1.1 CO2
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SLIDE 13

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen

(Keeling and Manning, review Treatise on Geochem. 2014)

  • APO = O2 + 1.1 CO2 - fossil fuel

South

  • Equator
  • North

CO2 O2 CO2 O2

Atmospheric Potential Oxygen tracks air-sea flux

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SLIDE 14

60S 40S 20S 20N 40N 60N 80N 1000 950 900 800 700 600 500 pressure (mbar)

  • APO airborne data (HIPPO)

Airborne atmospheric potential oxygen data

Latitude

  • 18
  • 14
  • 10
  • 7
  • 3

3 7 10 14 18

  • APO (per meg)

Resplandy et al., in prep

  • B. Stephens, J. Bent (NCAR)

1600 observations ~500 hours of flight

60S Equator

  • 80N

Wofsy et al., 2011

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SLIDE 15

60S 40S 20S 20N 40N 60N 80N 1000 950 900 800 700 600 500 pressure (mbar)

  • APO airborne data (HIPPO)

northern deficit ~ 8 per meg

Latitude

  • 18
  • 14
  • 10
  • 7
  • 3

3 7 10 14 18

  • APO (per meg)

Resplandy et al., in prep

Airborne atmospheric potential oxygen data

  • B. Stephens, J. Bent (NCAR)

1600 observations ~500 hours of flight

Wofsy et al., 2011

60S 20S Eq 20N

  • 80N

fossil fuel + ocean

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SLIDE 16

60S 40S 20S 20N 40N 60N 80N Latitude 1000 900 800 700 600 500 pressure (mbar)

APO from inverse flux (MIT ECCO)

950

  • cean DATA

O2*, C*, T (~60 000 obs.)

  • cean transport

air-sea fluxes atmospheric transport

Combine atmospheric and oceanic data to constrain

  • cean transport
  • cean inversion (Gloor et al., 2001; Gruber et al.,

2001; MikaloffFletcher 2007; Jacobson et al., 2007)

60S 40S 20S 20N 40N 60N 80N 1000 950 900 800 700 600 500 pressure (mbar)

  • APO airborne data (HIPPO)

DATA atmospheric potential oxygen PREDICTION atmospheric potential oxygen

Resplandy et al., in prep

+ Cant (Khatiwala, 2009) +fossil fuel (EDGAR)

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SLIDE 17
  • 1.2
  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2
  • MLO-SPO CO2pi [ppm]

northern deficit APO (per meg)

Atmospheric potential

  • xygen data

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS

Ocean inversions

MOM-LL MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MIT-ECCO

Resplandy et al., in prep

Potential oxygen to constrain CO2 asymmetry

1

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SLIDE 18
  • 1.2
  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2
  • MLO-SPO CO2pi [ppm]

northern deficit APO (per meg)

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS

Ocean inversions

MOM-LL MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MIT-ECCO

Resplandy et al., in prep

Potential oxygen to constrain CO2 asymmetry

1 Atmospheric potential

  • xygen data

50 yrs CO2 data

Keeling et al., 2011

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SLIDE 19
  • 1.2
  • 1.0
  • 0.8
  • 0.6
  • 0.4
  • 0.2

0.0

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2
  • MLO-SPO CO2pi [ppm]
  • bservational target?
  • northern deficit APO (per meg)

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS

Ocean inversions

MOM-LL MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MIT-ECCO

Resplandy et al., in prep

Potential oxygen to constrain CO2 asymmetry

1

CO2pi ocean transport ~ -0.6 PgC/y

Atmospheric potential

  • xygen data

50 yrs CO2 data

Keeling et al., 2011

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SLIDE 20

Link between carbon and heat ocean transports

Cpi-Heat N transp

  • 1.5
  • 1.0
  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 Cpi transport [PgC/y]

  • 2
  • 1

1 2

Atlantic Indo-Pacific Global

Atlantic hydrographic sections

Ganachaud & Wunsch, 2003; Macdonald et al., 2003; Alvarez et al., 2003; Holfort et al., 1998; Lundberg & Haugan, 1996

Ocean inversions

  • 1

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MITgcm-ECCO Atlantic

Heat transport [PW] pre-industrial carbon transport [Pg/y]

2

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SLIDE 21
  • meridional heat transport [PW]

APO troposphere

  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

APO data

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS

Ocean inversions

MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MIT-ECCO

northern deficit APO (per meg)

v1 Resplandy et al., in prep

  • cean heat transport asymmetry [PW]

Atmospheric potential

  • xygen data

2

Ocean transport asymmetry is underestimated

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SLIDE 22
  • meridional heat transport [PW]

APO troposphere

  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

APO data

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS

Ocean inversions

MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MIT-ECCO

  • bservational

target 0.5-1 PW Atmospheric potential

  • xygen data

v1 Resplandy et al., in prep

Ocean sections

Ganachaud and Wunsch, 2003

Air-sea flux climatology

CORE2 Large and Yeager, 2009

Previous estimates

northern deficit APO (per meg)

2

Ocean transport asymmetry is underestimated

  • cean heat transport asymmetry [PW]
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SLIDE 23
  • meridional heat transport [PW]

APO troposphere

  • 0.5

0.0 0.5 1.0

  • 8
  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

APO data

MOM-HH MOM-LHS MOM-LL MOM-PSS

Ocean inversions

MOM-PSS MOM-RDS MITgcm-2.8 MIT-ECCO

Atmospheric potential

  • xygen data

v1 Resplandy et al., in prep

northern deficit APO (per meg)

2 “missing” Atlantic heat transport water mass inconsistency (forward-inverse)

Ocean transport asymmetry is underestimated

“missing” Pacific heat transport

  • cean heat transport asymmetry [PW]
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SLIDE 24
  • Potential oxygen is a valuable new constraint on air-sea flux
  • southward transport of 0.6 PgC/y necessary to explain APO data
  • Higher resolution ocean: weak impact on inversion
  • Ocean models underestimate transports of carbon, heat and
  • xygen.
  • Possible impact on land carbon sinks?

Discussion and prospects