Consoles A Brief History Early Gramophones c.1887 Edison Recorder - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Consoles A Brief History Early Gramophones c.1887 Edison Recorder - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 15, 2023 423 likes •953 views

Consoles A Brief History Early Gramophones c.1887 Edison Recorder Acoustic Recordings Direct-to-Disc Recording Optical Recordings c. 1900 Evolution 1906 - Vacuum tubes & Electrical amplification 1921 - First

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SLIDE 1

Consoles

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SLIDE 2

A Brief History

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SLIDE 3
  • Gramophones c.1887
  • Edison Recorder
  • Acoustic Recordings
  • Direct-to-Disc Recording
  • Optical Recordings c. 1900

Early

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SLIDE 4

Evolution

  • 1906 - Vacuum tubes &

Electrical amplification

  • 1921 - First Commercial Radio

Broadcast

  • Disc cutting systems evolving
  • Phonograph records rule
  • 1940/50 - Oxide Tape emerges

as future sounds medium

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SLIDE 5

Audio Consoles

  • Direct-to-Disc
  • Invention of microphones

(1920s - Ribbon/Condenser) + electrical amplification

  • Broadcast (Radio) Consoles
  • Custom built consoles
  • Late 1940‘s/1950’s - Beginning
  • f multi-mic recordings
  • 1950’s - Mono/Binaural to tape
  • 1950/60’s - Multi-channel

recording on tape

RCA BC-2B c.1952

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SLIDE 6

A Westrex console built for Todd-AO

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SLIDE 7

Langevin stereo console circa 1959

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SLIDE 8

from Radio & Television News, 1951

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SLIDE 9

Early Bill Putnam console

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SLIDE 10

UA 610

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SLIDE 11
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SLIDE 12

The Audio Production Console

  • What are they?
  • The “center” of the studio
  • When are they used?
  • Recording (Tracking / Overdubbing)
  • Mixdown
  • How are they used?
  • Techniques
  • Variety
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SLIDE 13

Consoles - Mechanics

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SLIDE 14

SSL 9000

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SLIDE 15

Analog Console

API 1608

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SLIDE 16

Analog Console

Toft ATB32

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SLIDE 17

Analog Console

Neve 88R

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SLIDE 18

Digital Console

SSL C200

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SLIDE 19

Digital Console

Yamaha O2R

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SLIDE 20

Small Mixer

Alesis MultiMix

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SLIDE 21

Large Console

SSL Duality

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SLIDE 22
  • Two types for recording
  • Split
  • Separate modules for both Channel and Monitor
  • Large analog desks
  • Used in some modern Digital consoles...sort of
  • In-Line
  • Both Input and Monitor in same channel strip
  • Streamlined - Modern Analog Desks

Consoles

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SLIDE 23

Split Console

API Legacy

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SLIDE 24

InLine Console

Neve 88

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SLIDE 25

InLine Console

API Legacy Plus

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SLIDE 26
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SLIDE 27
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SLIDE 28

MONITOR OUTPUT INPUT

SOURCE PICKUP +48V PAD PRE-AMP MIC TRIM LINE AMP LINE TRIM PHASE (Ø) FILTER EQ/DYNAMICS CHANNEL FADER CHANNEL PAN BUSS MATRIX BUSS TRIM MULTITRACK MONITOR AMP EQ/DYNAMICS MONITOR FADER MONITOR PAN STEREO BUSS STEREO FADER 2-TRACK, DAT, HD, ETC. MONITOR SELECT VOLUME CONTROL POWER AMP/SPEAKERS DIRECT

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SLIDE 29

Input Channel - I/O Module - Channel Strip

  • Channel Input
  • Mic/Line switch
  • Filters
  • Pads (attenuation)
  • Equalization (Eq)
  • Dynamics
  • Auxiliary Send Section
  • Insert point(s)
  • Monitor / Routing Select
  • Bus Matrix
  • Solo
  • Mute
  • Grouping
  • Fader
  • Pan
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SLIDE 30

Input Channel - Block Diagram - Toft ATB 32

GROUPS

V V V V V V

+48V PHANTOM POWER MIC MIC 0-60dB LINE TAPE RETURN CHANNEL INSERT SEND/RETURN 4 BAND EQ PHASE REVERSE CHANNEL FADER 0dB 0dB AUX 1 CHANNEL PAN REMIX MIC/LINE +10 +10

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  • 20

MONITOR/REMIX AUXILIARIES SOLO SIGNAL SOLO D.C

INPUT

AUX 2 PRE PRE INSERT RETURN BUFFER CHANNEL MUTE 1-2 3-4

V

DIRECT O/P POST/DIR. O/P BUFFER SOLO D.C SOLO LINE

  • 15/+25dB

AUX 3 AUX 4 AUX 5 AUX 6 PRE PRE PRE EQ BYPASS EQ TO MON INPUT REVERSE SIGNAL PRESENT INDICATOR MONITOR PAN MONITOR MUTE 5-6 7-8 AUX 5-6 TO MON 80Hz MONITOR FADER SOLO PRE/POST (SWITCH LOCATED ON PCB. FACTORY SET TO POST) +5dB +5dB +5dB +5dB 0dB

V V LINK FROM SUBMASTER (INPUTS 1-8 ONLY) LINK TO CHANNEL LINE INPUTS OPTIONAL METER FEED
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SLIDE 31

Input Channel - Block Diagram - API 1608

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SLIDE 32

Channel Input

  • Preamp section
  • Mic/Line Switch
  • 48V - Phantom Power
  • Input Gain
  • Pad
  • Polarity/Phase (ø)
  • (HPF) High Pass Filter

API 1608 TOFT ATB

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SLIDE 33

Equalization (Eq)

  • Parametric
  • Variable Bandwidth (Q)
  • Boost/Cut
  • Shelving EQ
  • Bandpass Filter
  • Bypass

1608 TOFT

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SLIDE 34

Dynamics

  • High-end Analog consoles and

almost all Digital consoles

  • Compression
  • Gate
  • Expansion
  • DeEsser
  • Bypass
  • Channel/Monitor Path selection
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SLIDE 35

Auxiliary Send Section

  • Aux Sends - Create Auxiliary Mixes
  • Also called Echo Sends or Effects Sends
  • Pre vs. Post
  • Reverb/Delay/Outboard unit
  • Cue Mix Sends
  • Headphones
  • Broadcast Feed
  • Conductor Mix

1608 TOFT

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SLIDE 36

Channel Fader

  • Controls
  • Output level for channel
  • Direct Output
  • Send level to Multi-track Bus(s)
  • Post Fader send level
  • Level to Stereo Bus
  • Always set to Unity Gain (0dB) at the input
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SLIDE 37

Mute / Solo

  • Mute
  • Cuts all output of channel
  • Exception: Insert Send
  • Mute Groups
  • Solo
  • Sends channel to Solo Bus
  • PFL
  • AFL
  • Solo in Place (SIP) - Destructive
  • Solo Safe
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SLIDE 38

Pan - Bus Matrix

  • Channel Pan
  • L/R or Stereo or PGM Bus
  • Dictates Odd/Even Assignment
  • Bus Matrix Assignment
  • Summing Busses
  • Multi-track Bus
  • Sub-Grouping
  • Post Fader - Post Pan
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SLIDE 39

Monitor Input

  • Similar to Channel Input
  • Differences between consoles
  • Toft ATB32
  • Line level input only
  • Monitor Inputs route to ST

(LR) Bus only

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SLIDE 40

Input Channel - I/O Module - Channel Strip

  • Channel Input
  • Mic/Line switch
  • Filters
  • Pads (attenuation)
  • Equalization (Eq)
  • Dynamics
  • Auxiliary Send Section
  • Insert point(s)
  • Monitor / Routing Select
  • Bus Matrix
  • Solo
  • Mute
  • Grouping
  • Fader
  • Pan
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SLIDE 41

Output Section

  • Bus Output Masters

(Trim)

  • Aux/Echo Send

Masters

  • Master (ST/PGM/

LR)Output Bus

  • Group Masters

Aux/Echo Send Masters Bus Output Masters

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SLIDE 42

Aux / Echo / Effects Returns

  • Dedicated Effects returns
  • Line level inputs
  • Can route to Bus Matrix
  • Multi-track Busses
  • Sub mixing
  • Mute / Solo Functions
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SLIDE 43

Control Room/ Monitor Section

  • Control Room Source Select
  • Meter Select
  • Level Control
  • Speaker Select
  • Mono - Dim
  • Solo Controls
  • Talkback Controls
  • Oscillator Controls
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SLIDE 44

Control Room/ Monitor Section

  • Control Room Source Select
  • Meter Select
  • Level Control
  • Speaker Select
  • Mono - Dim
  • Solo Controls
  • Talkback Controls
  • Oscillator Controls

API 1608

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SLIDE 45

Other Options

  • Inserts
  • Channel - Bus - Monitor - ST (LR)
  • Line level Inputs to console
  • “Always On” outputs from module
  • Channel Flip
  • Swaps Small and Large Faders
  • Inline Consoles = Channel and Monitor Faders
  • EQ / Dynamics Swap
  • Inline Consoles = Channel to Monitor
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SLIDE 46

mic line in in direct

  • ut

bus 1 bus 2 bus 3 bus 4 bus 5 bus 6 sum- ming amp from bus # VU patch

  • ut in

I/O Module Block Diagram

(A) (C) (D) (F) (G)

etc. mix bus L mix bus R bus

  • ut (to multitrack)

above bus feeds are common to all modules (mix buses are summed at master module)

(H) (B) (E) (J)

EQ

Mic pre

CHANNEL

LEVEL

MONITOR LEVEL MXDN TAPE LINE

bus pan 2-mix pan

Basic I Basic I/O Module Flow Chart O Module Flow Chart

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SLIDE 47
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SLIDE 48

Input Channel - Block Diagram - Tascam M600

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SLIDE 49

Input Channel - Block Diagram - API 1608

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SLIDE 50

Gain Level Optimization

  • Every active stage adds gain
  • Pre-amp / Eq / Dynamics / Channel Fader / Bus Summing
  • Proper Gain staging is essential
  • Keep faders at Unity Gain (0dB) for recording
  • Optimize levels at every stage
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SLIDE 51

MONITOR OUTPUT INPUT

SOURCE PICKUP +48V PAD PRE-AMP MIC TRIM LINE AMP LINE TRIM PHASE (Ø) FILTER EQ/DYNAMICS CHANNEL FADER CHANNEL PAN BUSS MATRIX BUSS TRIM MULTITRACK MONITOR AMP EQ/DYNAMICS MONITOR FADER MONITOR PAN STEREO BUSS STEREO FADER 2-TRACK, DAT, HD, ETC. MONITOR SELECT VOLUME CONTROL POWER AMP/SPEAKERS DIRECT

SIGNAL FLOW

AUX AUX