Condi&onsofbehaviouralchanges towardsefficientenergyuse - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Condi&ons
of
behavioural
changes
 towards
efficient
energy
use 
 a
compara(ve
study
between
Sweden
and
the
UK 
 Jurek
Pyrko
 Sarah
Darby
 Lund
University
 Oxford
University
 Sweden
 United
Kingdom


Kingdom
of
Sweden
 United
Kingdom
 • Popula(on
9.2
million
 • Popula(on
61.6
million
 • Area
450,000
km 2
 • Area
244,820
km 2
 • Cons(tu(onal
monarchy
 • Cons(tu(onal
monarchy
 • Member
of
the
EU
(1995)
 • Member
of
the
EU
(1973)
 • GDP
per
capita
52,789
USD
 • GDP
per
capita
43,785
USD
 • Currency:
Swedish
krona
 • Currency:
Pound

sterling
 • Traffic:
right

 • Traffic:
leX



To
compare:

 how
specific
condi(ons
in
the
UK
and
Sweden
 can
s(mulate
or
aZempt
to
compel
householders
 to
be
more
energy
efficient,

 or
can
obstruct
this


described
and
compared
in
this
paper:
 1. Climate
change
policy
 2. Electricity
and
gas
use
 3. Role
of
u(li(es
and
other
‘external’
agents
in
 residen(al
demand
reduc(on
 6. Regula(on
 7. Quality
of
feedback
on
energy
use
to
the
 householder
 8. Customer
behaviour


2006
Swedish
Parliament:




 Budget
for
2020
must
be
26%+
 20
%
lower
energy
use
in
 lower
than
1990
 residen&al/ter&ary
2020,
 2008
Climate
Change
Act:
net
 and
50
%
2050
 carbon
account
for
2050
 8
%
emission
reduc&on

 has
to
be
at
least
80%
 (Kyoto
+4
%)
 lower
than
1990
baseline
 Dependence
on
fossil
fuels
in
 Expert
commiKee
sets
5‐year
 dwellings
should
be
broken
 carbon
budgets

 by
2020


Residen&al
sector
=
32
%
of
 Delivered
energy/home/
yr
=
 • • total
energy
use
(124
TWh)
 20MWh;
fall
of
approx
11
%,

 2000‐2007
 Electric
space
hea&ng/hot
 • water
60
%
of
electricity
 Gas
accounts
for
70
%
of
delivered
 • demand
 energy
to
homes
 Lower
electricity
use
a_er
2000
 • 60
%
of
delivered
home
energy
is
 • for
space
hea&ng
 21
MWh
/year/household
 • Gas
and
coal
dominate
electricity
 • Natural
gas
0.4

TWh
 • supply
mix;
nuclear
15
%,
 Supply
mix
–
45
%
hydro,
44
%
 • renewable
5
%
 nuclear,
8
%
renewables,
3
%
 others
(fossils)


90
%
from
4
suppliers
 90%
of
sales
from
6
suppliers
 • • Electricity
price
=
40
%
electricity,
 ’confusion
marke&ng’
of
tariffs
 • • 20
%
network
fee,



40
%
taxes
 Cost
of
fuel+profit
=
69%
of
cost
 • to
customer 
 and
cer&ficates
 Standing
charge
depends
on
fuse
 • Most
prepayment
users
pay
high
 • level

(10,
16,
20,
25
A)
 unit
costs,
(not
in
N
Ireland,
 Law
on
compulsory
monthly
 • where
25%
are
electricity
pp
 readings
from
1
July
2009
 customers)
 Tariffs
are
fixed‐rate
or
declining
 • block
–
no
incen&ve
to
stay
 below
threshold
level


Lower
energy
prices
AND
energy
 • Carbon
Emissions
Reduc&on
 • conserva&on
AND
social
equity
 Target
makes
suppliers
into
 No
fee
or
tax
intended
to
 • agents
of
climate
change
policy:
 support
EE
 they
must
spend
on
efficiency +renewables,
credited
with
 Green
cer&ficates
  
electricity
 • savings
 from
renewable
sources
 Also
local
authori&es,
 • U&li&es
offer
EE
services
 • construc&on
industry,
educa&on +business,
NGOs
...more
trusted
 than
u&li&es?


Electricity
cer&ficates
2003
  
 In
process
of
implemen&ng
 • • increase
RES
by
17
TWh
between
 EPBD...
 2003‐2017
 Government
funds
efficiency
 • Energy
Declara&ons
for
all
 • programmes
for
vulnerable
 buildings
2008
–
efficient
energy
 households
 use
and
good
indoor
comfort
 [erra&c]
grants
for
renewable
 • Renova&on
grants:

‘ROT’
 • technologies
through
low‐carbon
 buildings
programme
 Conversion
grants:


el
  
other
 • Network
of
energy
advice
 • Grants
:
PV,
biofuel
fired
hea&ng
 • centres


Compulsory
monthly
readings
 Direct
debit
most
common
 • • star&ng
July
2009
 payment
method
 Informa&ve
bills:
 Es&mated
bills
s&ll
common
 • • recommenda&on
–
13
months
 Smart
meter
rollout
planned,
 • graphs
on
bills
 including
customer
feedback
–
 Pilot
trials
with
energy
use
 • trials
under
way
 feedback:




























 Niche
suppliers
star&ng
to
offer
 • Internet

and
home
displays
 feedback


• Good
and
unlimited
energy
 • Energy
and
power
not
yet
 supply
=
‘ci&zen
right”
 within
’natural
language
of
 mainstream
householders’
 • Awareness:
seniors
more
 aware
and
frugal;
house
 • Increasing
awareness
of
gas
 owners
usually
more
aware
 and
el
use
as
‘pollu&ng’
 than
tenants
 • Average
indoor
temps
rose
 • Trials
on
‘cri&cal
peak
 by
6°C
since
1970;
 pricing’
–
50
%
lower
load
 ‘aptudes’
o_en
don’t
 match
behaviour

 • Expecta&on
that
‘someone
 does
something’


Thank
you
for
your
aZen(on…
 Sarah.Darby@ouce.ox.ac.uk




Jurek.Pyrko@energy.lth.se