Community Conversation: Downtown Parking Newark, Ohio April 25, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Community Conversation: Downtown Parking Newark, Ohio April 25, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Community Conversation: Downtown Parking Newark, Ohio April 25, 2012 This Evening Presentation Conversation Wrap Up (8:00pm) Topics Background Trends Integrated, Strategic Parking Policy Observations

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Community Conversation:

Downtown Parking

Newark, Ohio April 25, 2012

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This Evening

  • Presentation
  • Conversation
  • Wrap Up (8:00pm)
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Topics

  • Background – Trends
  • Integrated, Strategic Parking Policy
  • Observations – Downtown Newark
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Background

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1800 - 1900

Rural Cities

1900 - 2000

Cities Suburbs

2000 -

Suburbs Centers

Development Patterns In US History

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The “Resets”

1800 1900 2000

1873 Long Depression 1929 Great Depression 2008 Great Recession

First Reset Second Reset Third Reset

”reset” = technological change + necessity

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Geography of Market Economies

Economic Systems Spatial Development Patterns

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concentration sprawl retrofit

Rural Cities Suburbs Cities Suburbs Centers

Development Patterns In US History

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% of Population in Urban Places

Source: US Census Bureau

1800: 6.1% 1900: 39.6% 2010: 81.0%

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Suburban Population

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Geography of Market Economies

Economic Systems Spatial Development Patterns

energy cost travel speed business technology population growth rate

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Average Travel Speed – US Surface Transportation

1850 1900 1950 4 8 24

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Oil Prices: 1861 - 2006

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“Historical costs of coal-fired electricity and implications for the future;” McNerney, Farmer, Trancik; Journal of Energy Policy; January 2011

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US Population: 1800 – 2010

(millions)

Source: US Census Bureau

1900: 76.2 1950: 151.3 2010: 308.8

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1800 - 1900

mechanization industrial revolution

Business Technology in US History

1900 - 2000

assembly line factories communications computers

2000 -

global market for services digital collaboration creative class

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1800 - 1900

Rural Cities

1900 - 2000

Cities Suburbs

2000 -

Suburbs Centers

Development Patterns In US History

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  • def. “centers” -

walkable, mixed-use, transit- served urban places

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the neighborhood

  • ¼ mile radius
  • 160 – 200

acres

Graphic: Doug Farr, Sustainable Urbanism

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the complete neighborhood

  • schools
  • local retail
  • services
  • parks
  • diverse housing
  • transit

Graphic: Doug Farr, Sustainable Urbanism

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the complete neighborhood

  • walkable
  • mixed-use
  • transit-served

Graphic: Doug Farr, Sustainable Urbanism

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Regional Accessibility HIGH HIGH LOW Neighborhood Completeness

Place Types

* from EPA/Caltrans work

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Regional Accessibility HIGH HIGH LOW Neighborhood Completeness

Complete, Accessible

  • Urban centers
  • Core neighborhoods
  • Walkable places
  • Good public health
  • Great transit
  • Good access to jobs
  • Low oil dependency
  • High housing costs
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Regional Accessibility HIGH HIGH LOW Neighborhood Completeness

Incomplete, Accessible

  • First tier suburbs
  • Connected sprawl
  • Few walkable places
  • Poor public health
  • Fair to good transit
  • Good access to jobs
  • Higher housing costs
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Regional Accessibility HIGH HIGH LOW Neighborhood Completeness

Incomplete, Low Accessibility

  • Fringe & exurban sprawl
  • High oil dependency
  • Tight household budgets
  • Mortgage foreclosures
  • Few walkable places
  • Poor public health
  • Poor access to jobs
  • Little or no transit
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Regional Accessibility HIGH HIGH LOW Neighborhood Completeness

Complete, Low Accessibility

  • Stand-alone cities
  • Intact rural towns
  • Walkable places
  • Good public health
  • Limited local transit
  • Limited access to jobs
  • Lower housing costs
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Employment Centers

Job growth tends to concentrate in regional employment centers

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Employment Centers

Since 1950 these regional centers have tended to be located in suburban areas of regions, along major transportation corridors (rail & freeway)

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Employment Centers

Since 2000 the centers with the most growth have been mixed use (jobs + commercial) centers with high levels of transit service

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13.3%

Percent of Population

20.8%

Percent of Driving

1995

13.9%

Percent of Population

13.7%

Percent of Driving

2009

Millennials Are Driving Less

18 – 24 Years of Age

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50% 31%

16

% With Driver’s Licenses by Age

75% 49%

17

86% 68%

18

92% 77%

19

1978 2008

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Population & VMT

Pop. VMT

1955 1980 2005

millions trillions

166 0.6 227 1.5

100 200

0.5 1.0

United States 296 3.0

1.5 2.0 2.5

300 400 500

500% 178%

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Annual Rate of Change in VMT

VMT

1975- 1985

  • 2.0

.0 0.0 .0

United States

2.0 .0 4.0 .0

1985- 1995 1995- 2005 2005- 2006 2006- 2007 2007- 2008

3.35% 3.59% 2.39% 0.06% 0.03% 2.80%

June – July 2008- 2009

0%

2009- 2010

0.06%

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VMT per Capita

1955

2,000 4,000

United States

6,000 8,000 10,000

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

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Source: “Growing Wealthier – Smart Growth, Climate Change and Prosperity” January 2011 Center for Clean Air Policy

VMT and GDP

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Parking: Integrated, Strategic Approach

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For every car in U.S. cities, there are at least four parking spaces.

4 : 1

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Integrated & Strategic

Enforcement Management Utilization Supply

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  • too much land in

parking

  • low business synergy
  • bad for community

character

  • high capital costs
  • discourage pedestrians

too much

  • discourage infill &

redevelopment

  • limit pedestrian

presence

  • reduce retail sales &

downtown income

  • continual parking

issues

not enough

Downtown Parking Supply

right amount

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Supply

Strategic, Plan-Based Approach

2012 2032 Demand Demand Supply

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Strategic, Plan-Based Approach

2012 2032 Demand Supply

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Different types of parking serve different functions…

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Storefront On-Street Parking

Function: support storefront retail

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Other On-Street Parking

Function: shopper overflow, general downtown business

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Off-Street Surface Parking

Function: commuter parking, shopper

  • verflow, land banking
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Off-Street Structure Parking

Function: commuter parking, other business parking, residential parking

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Deliveries & Alleys

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Integrated & Strategic

Enforcement Management Utilization Supply

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Measuring Parking Utilization

Duration Use/Trip Purpose % Full Turnover

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Trip Purpose and Duration

  • Commuter/Employee………..
  • Personal Business………………
  • Other Business (sales, etc.)..
  • Shopping……………………………
  • Other/Recreational……………
  • Overall Average…………………..

8 hours, 8 minutes 1 hour, 5 minutes 3 hours, 32 minutes 1 hour, 29 minutes 4 hours, 17 minutes 1 hour, 41 minutes

Downtown Charlotte, City of Charlotte, NC

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Turnover

Time Period Average Duration = Turnover Rate 8 hours 4.5 hours = 1.8

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Turnover Rates (Weekday, 9 – 5)

1.5 3.0 4.5 < 1 1.0 1.5

On-Street Off-Street

5.3 2.7 1.8 * Average Duration > 8 8.0 5.3 * Average Duration

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Measuring Parking Utilization

Duration Use/Trip Purpose % Full Turnover Accumulation

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Parking Accumulation (weekday)

# of cars

noon 6am 6pm

commuters (employees)

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Parking Accumulation (weekday)

# of cars

noon 6am 6pm

movie theater

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Parking Accumulation (weekday)

# of cars

noon 6am 6pm

combined: commuter & theater

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# of cars

noon 6am 6pm

simple addition (wrong)

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“Shared Parking”

% reduction in total parking demand based on accumulation curves

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There is no “free” parking… …parking spaces always cost somebody something

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Well-placed, well-managed parking generates sales and other business

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Paid parking and parking time limits are normal business management techniques… …not philosophical issues.

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Role of Paid Parking

  • Manage parking demand
  • Allocate parking demand

to different areas

  • Generate revenue
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Role of Time Limits

  • Allocate parking by use
  • Discourage waste and abuse
  • Increase return from core parking
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Common Approach

core area

Urban Downtowns

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Common Approach

paid parking, short duration

Urban Downtowns

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Common Approach

paid parking longer duration

Urban Downtowns

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Common Approach

free parking all day

Urban Downtowns

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Demand Reduction Techniques

  • Mode share (transit, bicycles)
  • Park once
  • Mixed use/internal capture
  • Downtown residential
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Integrated & Strategic

Enforcement Management Utilization Supply

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You cannot have paid parking and time limits without enforcement

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Enforcement Keys

  • Modern technology – hand held/on-board data
  • Friendly enforcers (not law officers)
  • First time offenders – gentle notice
  • Scofflaws – escalating fines
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Integrated & Strategic

Enforcement Management Utilization Supply

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Downtown parking should be managed as a utility

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Management Concepts

  • Strategic planning
  • Performance measurement & reporting
  • PSE – parking space equivalents
  • Districts
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Downtown as a Integrated Intermodal System

Example: Boulder Pedestrian Mall

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Boulder

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Bo Boulder

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Pearl Street “Pedestrian Mall”

8th 9th 10th 11th Broadway 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th Parking Structures Parking Structure with Transit Pedestrian Mall

Pearl

Walnut Canyon Spruce Pine

Downtown Loop Bike Facilities Transit Routes

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Boulder

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Boulder

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Boulder

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Boulder

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Boulder

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Boulder

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Boulder

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Boulder’s “pedestrian mall” works because …

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… it is an integral part of an intermodal system

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Mixed-Use/Internal Capture

Retail Residential Civic Retail Restaurant Office Retail Lodging

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Land uses: government offices, private sector offices, retail, restaurant, services, residential, hotel, children play areas, plazas & parks

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Lots of people lead to…

…more people!

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Downtown Newark

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Downtown Newark Issues

  • Concern about adequacy of supply
  • Occupancy of on-street parking by employees
  • Time restrictions – lack of enforcement
  • Form-based code
  • One-way streets
  • Complete streets
  • Safety of diagonal parking
  • Reviving development market
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Thank You