community-based microsavings for conservation Lessons from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Using community-based microsavings for conservation

Lessons from case-studies in rural Zambia and Tanzania

Victoria Lang Dr Andrea Wallace Dr Graham Wallace Professor E.J. Milner-Gulland

Framework of COCOBA success factors

Overview

Evolution from microfinance towards microsavings

• 1980s -> c.2007
• Formal

microfinance institutions (MFIs)

Institution led microfinance

• 1990s
• Group savings;

loans to members

Community led microsavings

• Mid-2000s
• Limited use to

date: FZS, WWF & FFI

Microsavings for conservation

COCOBA

Community Conservation Banks

North West Serengeti North Luangwa Zambia Tanzania

Methods

• 1. Focus groups

Zambia Tanzania Members 3 Members 6 Non members 2 Non members 3 Men 2 Men 3 Women 3 Women 3 Mixed - Mixed 3

Methods

• 2. Key informant

interviews

Name Organisation

• Dr. Graham Wallace

FZS-CREATE

• Dr. Andrea Wallace

FZS-CREATE Florentina Julius FZS-CREATE Bennett Siachoono FZS-CREATE Bornface Chibulu Village rep. Monica Chapatuka Village rep.

• Dr. Nicholas Hill

ZSL Martin Kourouma CARE, Guinea

Methods

• 3. Structured

interviews

Zambia Members 65 Non members 65 Women 95 Men 35

Framework of COCOBA success factors

Results

Findings

Member Non Member Wealth Index Wealth scores of members and non-members

5 10 15 20 25

COCOBA membership was associated with higher wealth scores

Wealth index was based on an asset register index, including house &roof materials and ownership of household assets and livestock

Perceived wellbeing changes of members and non-members

Score of 1=improved, 0=no change, -1 = reduced over last 6 years Chi-squared tests performed for all except children’s education (Fisher’s exact)

COCOBA members reported greater positive wellbeing changes

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Respect Food & diet Children education Financial Indep. Household income Household assets Household condition Life in general

Mean wellbeing change score

Members Non Members

*** *** ** *** ***

Conservation attitude scores of Zambian members and non-members

Attitudes towards conservation were more positive amongst COCOBA members

4 8 12 16

Members Non-Members Conservation attitude score

Scoring of 7 Likert scale qu’s: strong positive=+2, positive=+1, negative=-1, trong negative=-2. Max score for any participant=14, minimum score=-14

“Before COCOBAs I didn’t know the importance of not killing wild animals or cutting trees but COCOBA members discourage these activities so I have stopped”

Reported behaviour changes of Zambian members due to COCOBAs

Pro-conservation behaviour changes were reported by COCOBA members

0% 10% 20% Advise or prevent

• thers

Stopped cutting trees Stopped buying bushmeat Stopped poaching Protects environment Responsible farming Plant trees in village Report to Government Authority (ZAWA)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Proportion of respondents

Members Non Members

Non-members placed more weight on the financial benefits of COCOBAs than members

Perceptions of COCOBA benefits to community

Discussion

Conservation implications of our COCOBA research

COCOBAs were associated with greater wealth and improvements in wellbeing, which is linked to reduced reliance on environmentally damaging practices 1

Conservation implications of our COCOBA research

COCOBAs were associated with greater wealth and improvements in wellbeing, which is linked to reduced reliance on environmentally damaging practices 1 COCOBA members reported positive attitudes towards conservation, which can influence behavioural intentions and potentially actual behaviour 2

Conservation implications of our COCOBA research

COCOBAs were associated with greater wealth and improvements in wellbeing, which is linked to reduced reliance on environmentally damaging practices 1 COCOBA members reported positive attitudes towards conservation, which can influence behavioural intentions and potentially actual behaviour 2 COCOBA members indicated that themselves and others in community had made pro-conservation changes in behaviour

3

Conservation implications of our COCOBA research

COCOBAs were associated with greater wealth and improvements in wellbeing, which is linked to reduced reliance on environmentally damaging practices 1 COCOBA members reported positive attitudes towards conservation, which can influence behavioural intentions and potentially actual behaviour 2 COCOBA members indicated that themselves and others in community had made pro-conservation changes in behaviour

3

The diversity of perceived benefits of COCOBAs provides scope to target many sectors of communities for greater conservation impact

4

Key factors for COCOBA success

External (NGO) Internal (community trainer-training) Initial training Structure & roles Initially: NGO Group culture, leadership & cohesiveness

SENSITISATION RECRUITMENT TRAINING SAVINGS & LOANS ONGOING OPERATIONS

Capacity building Ongoing business Financial Ongoing: COCOBA members

CULTURE OPERATIONS SUPPORT TRAINING AWARENESS

Acknowledgements

With thanks to my supervisors...

• Dr. Andrea Wallace
• Dr. Graham Wallace

Professor E.J. Milner-Gulland

… and to FZS-CREATE staff in Zambia and Tanzania… … and to the following

• rganisations for supporting my

research

Many thanks Questions?

All photos taken by Victoria Lang