Code of Conduct for Scientists Recent Activities of Science - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Code of Conduct for Scientists – Recent Activities of Science Council of Japan

SCIENCE COUNCIL OF JAPAN Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Vice Vice Vice Vice President President President President

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What is Science Council of Japan?

• Established in January 1949 as a “Special

Body”under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister

• Represents Japan’s scientists both domestically and

internationally

• Its two functions are:

To deliberate on important issues concerning science and to help solve such issues To coordinate scientific studies and to achieve higher efficiency therein

• Focusing on the following four activities:

1.

Policy recommendations to the government 2. International activities 3. Promotion of scientific literacy 4. Establishment of networks among scientists

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Organization of Science Council of Japan

Executive Board Committees

Section I: Humanities and Social Sciences Section II: Life Sciences Auxiliary Committees

Sections

• President
• Vice-President in charge of Organizational

Management

• Vice-President in charge of Contacts with

Government and Society

• Vice-President in charge of International Activities

Section III: Physical Sciences and Engineering Issue-Oriented ad hoc Committees Committee Based on Fields

• f Specialties

Administrative Committees for Operation

• Regional conferences
• Promotion of Industry - Academia - Government

collaboration

• Strengthening the functions of academic

societies

• Promotion of Young Academy activities

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Promotion of scientific literacy

Science Café Regional Conference

Establishment of networks among scientists

International Activities

Contributions to international academic

• rganizations

IAC Executive Board meeting, 2013

Organization of international conferences and symposia

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Collaborations with academies in other countries

• Joint Statements of the

G8 Science Academies

http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/int/g8/index.html

Bilateral exchanges with

• verseas academies

Activities in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake and the accident of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant

• Establishing the "

" " " Great East Japan Task Force " " " " and then " " " " Committee on Supporting Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake " " " " within SCJ to deliberate the wide range of issues and declared the emergency recommendations to the government and to the public in order to provide necessary information to overcome the damages caused by the disaster

• r the accident.

(http://www.scj.go.jp/en/report/earthquake.html)

• The related information on the earthquake and the nuclear

accidents and our emergency response has been delivered to more than 120 academies overseas and more than 140 foreign embassies in Japan in May, 2011. Many responses and encouragement are highly appreciated.

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Recent Activities by the Science Council of Japan against the Misuse of Life- Sciences

SCIENCE COUNCIL OF JAPAN Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Fumiko KASUGA, Ph.D., D.V.M Vice Vice Vice Vice President President President President

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“Dual-use issues and the role of life scientists” Side Event to the 7th Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention December 12th, 2011, Palais des Nations, Geneva

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Keynote Speaker: Dr. Hiroshi YOSHIKURA

Member, the Science Council of Japan

• Dr. Malcolm DANDO

Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford

Session 1 “Recent development of biotechnology and emerging risk” Coordinator: Dr. Fumiko KASUGA

Section Chief, Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences

Panelists: Dr. Shigeo KOYASU

Professor and Chairman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine

• Mr. Manabu IMAKYUREI

Director, Biological and Chemical Weapons Conventions Division, MOFA

• Dr. Masayuki YAMAMURA

Professor, Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

The Science Council of Japan hosts symposium on

Session 2 “Efforts in Japan and future challenges” Coordinator: Dr. Nariyoshi SHINOMIYA

Professor, Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College

Panelists: Dr. Major General Norihiko YAMADA

MD & PhD, Surgeon General, Air Staff Office, Ministry of Defense

• Dr. Kazuto KATO

Institute for Research in Humanities, Graduate School of Biostudies , Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences ,Kyoto University

• Dr. Kenji SHIBUYA

Professor and Chair, Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo

Registration Form: (https://form.cao.go.jp/scj/opinion-0003.html) Contact: Mr. Iwase, MOFA, Japan (kiichiro.iwase@mofa.go.jp)

Date: 13:00-17:45, August 29th 2011 Venue: Auditorium, the Science Council of Japan

Hosted by The Science Council of Japan, supported by Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Defense, Co-sponsored by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan Bioindustry Association, Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX)

Issue-Oriented Ad Hoc Committee in Science Council of Japan

• A committee on dual-use issues in science and

technology established in November, 2011

• 10 Committee members invited from wide range of

scientific fields, e.g. law science (including an expert

• f BWC from MOFA), policy science, life science

(Profs. Yoshikura, Shinomiya, Kawaoka), nuclear physics, bioethics

• Balanced discussions on tackling dual-use concerns

while maintaining the freedom of scientific research

• Aimed to develop basic Codes of Conducts on DU

to be applied to broad range of scientific fields

• Concentrated discussions through 5 meetings (+ e-

mails) and a public symposium in about a year

• Report approved and issued on November 30, 2012

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Report on Dual Use Issue of Science and Technology (2012)

Codes of Conducts for Scientists and Engineers Regarding Dual Use Complementing the SCJ Declaration

• n Codes of Conduct for Scientists

(translated by Professor Hiroshi Yoshikura, the Chairperson of the Committee, and is not an authentic translation of SCJ) Published in Journal of Disaster Research (JDR) Vol.8 No.4

• Aug. 2013 http://www.fujipress.jp/JDR/DSSTR00080004.html

“Dual Use” Guest Editor: Hiroshi Yoshikura

• 1. Professional Responsibility of scientists/engineers
• 1. Professional Responsibility of scientists/engineers
• 1. Professional Responsibility of scientists/engineers
• 1. Professional Responsibility of scientists/engineers

Scientists and/or engineers, humble and modest in pursuit of their quests, behave responsibly recognizing their professional responsibility to society. For professional pride and reputation, scientists/ engineers pursue the truth and the safe use of their accomplishments for the welfare of society.

• 2. Principles of conducts of scientists/engineers
• 2. Principles of conducts of scientists/engineers
• 2. Principles of conducts of scientists/engineers
• 2. Principles of conducts of scientists/engineers

To cope with the “dual use” dilemma, scientists/ engineers behave according to the professional ethics. They recognize the danger of being moved by emotion and remain courteous and honest to their colleagues. They do not lie and do not keep silence if silence damages the community at large.

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Report on Dual Use Issue of Science and Technology (2012)

Codes of Conducts for Scientists and Engineers Regarding Dual Use Complementing the SCJ Declaration on Codes

• f Conduct for Scientists

3 3 3

• 3. Social responsibility of scientists/engineers

. Social responsibility of scientists/engineers . Social responsibility of scientists/engineers . Social responsibility of scientists/engineers and sharing and sharing and sharing and sharing information with information with information with information with the community the community the community the community Scientists/engineers are aware of possibility that their accomplishments could be used for malicious purposes. They share their research data and information in activities of education, research and development. Scientific and technological achievements are returned to the society for beneficial use while avoiding misuse arising from malicious intent or ignorance/negligence. Scientists/engineers refuse engagement in activities that may damage the society, and once the society is in danger they confront the situation responsibly as scientists/engineers.

• 4. Managing dual use
• 4. Managing dual use
• 4. Managing dual use
• 4. Managing dual use

Scientists/engineers recognize the dual use potential of science and technology as an issue of the credibility of scientists and engineers. Scientists/engineers will manage the dual use issue in a transparent manner by creating a professional community that is fair and honest.

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Codes of Conducts for Scientists and Engineers Regarding Dual Use Complementing the SCJ Declaration on Codes of Conduct for Scientists (Code of Conduct re. Dual Use)

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Code of Conduct

• re. Dual Use

(for all the science disciplines) Code of Conduct for Scientists (for all the science disciplines) Guidelines re. Dual Use (in individual science fields) Dual Use concept to be included To be digested

• To be complementing the existing Code of Conduct for

Scientists: to recommend the revised Code of Conduct should consider Dual Use

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Report on Dual Use Issue of Science and Technology (2012)

Codes of Conducts for Scientists and Engineers Regarding Dual Use Complementing the SCJ Declaration

• n Codes of Conduct for Scientists

(Dual Use of Scientific Research Outcomes)

• 6. Scientists shall recognize

that there exist possibilities that their research results, contrary to their own intentions, may be used for destructive actions, and shall select appropriate means and methods as allowed by society in conducting research and publicizing the results.

Science Council of Japan Statement: Code of Conduct for Scientists –Revised Version-

• 8. Establishing Sound Research

Environments and Thorough Educational Enlightenment

• 9. Consideration for Research Subjects
• 10. Relations with Others

III Science in Society III Science in Society III Science in Society III Science in Society

• 11. Dialogue with Society
• 12. Scientific Advice
• 13. Scientific Advice to Policy Planners

and Decision Makers IV Legal Compliance IV Legal Compliance IV Legal Compliance IV Legal Compliance

• 14. Compliance with Laws and

Regulations

• 15. Rejection of Discrimination
• 16. Avoiding Conflicts of Interest

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Approved at the executive board

• f Science Council of Japan on
• Jan. 25, 2013 (Original: Oct. 3,

2006)

I Responsibilities of Scientists I Responsibilities of Scientists I Responsibilities of Scientists I Responsibilities of Scientists

• 1. Basic Responsibilities of Scientists
• 2. Attitude of Scientists
• 3. Scientists in Society
• 4. Research that Answers to Social

Wishes

• 5. Accountability and Disclosure
• 6. Dual Use of Scientific Research

Outcomes II Research Integrity II Research Integrity II Research Integrity II Research Integrity

• 7. Research Activities

Threatened Integrity of Science

• Even after the revision of Code of Conduct

for Scientists, there have been several reports of data manipulation or fabrication

• SCJ established a new Committee for

Promoting Integrity in Science and Research in the end of July, 2013

• Developing training programs to learn Code of

Conduct

• Taking practical measures to disseminate

Code of Conduct throughout scientific communities, e.g. regional subgroups

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New Subcommittee to consider Dual Use Issues - SCJ

• Codes should be applied in its entirety, not as a list to check

researchers’ every movement. The codes encourage debate on dual use in various branches of SCJ including both natural and social sciences. Codes are effective only when they are supported by the ownership of members. (Report on Dual Use Issue of Science and Technology (2012))

• Dual use issues in the research on infectious diseases have been

discussed.

• Guidelines in this field reflecting Codes of Conducts re. Dual Use

have just been proposed.

1. Awareness of the risk and efforts to minimize the risk 2. Education and control by individual research institutes 3. Role of science associations 4. International cooperation and the role of Science Council of Japan

• Comments are now invited from Japanese scientific associations
• n microbiology.

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Further challenges and next steps

• Raising awareness of scientists in all science fields

that dual use could be concerned in their own research

• Education of life scientists on biosecurity, not only

biosafety

• Education tools and materials for biosecurity should

be prepared urgently

• Effective mechanisms should be developed for

concept/ knowledge dissemination, e.g. completion

• f training course to be a condition for grant

application

• Networking internationally (both inter-government

and experts/ academies) and also with national stakeholders – Role of national academy, SCJ

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Acknowledgement:

• Dr. Hiroshi Yoshikura

MOFA, MOD, Japan Committee members, colleagues in SCJ