Cocaine http://www.nida.nih.gov/pubs/teaching/
PET study and slot machine study
• [ 11 C] raclopride tracer • Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) • 18 GDS og 16 HC • Baseline & control • Ventral striatum
• [ 11 C] raclopride tracer • Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) • 18 GDS og 16 HC • Baseline & control • Ventral striatum
• 15 GDS vs 15 HC • 2s vs 3s Event Frequency • 50% vs 83% Reward Return • Variable Reward Frequency • Randomized order • Up to 60 min. gambling
Fallacy I: Gambling Disorder Sufferers have lower baseline binding potentials
Volkow et al. (2002). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 78, 610–624
Volkow et al. (2002). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 78, 610–624 Controls Bmax/Kd Abusers Bmax/Kd p Alcoholics 2.71 � 0.6 ( n � 17) 2.10 � 0.5 ( n � 10) 0.05 Heroin abusers 2.97 � 0.5 ( n � 11) 2.44 � 0.4 ( n � 11) 0.01 Cocaine abusers 2.90 � 0.3 ( n � 23) 2.59 � 0.3 ( n � 20) 0.01 METH abusers 2.81 � 0.3 ( n � 20) 2.45 � 0.3 ( n � 15) 0.001
Volkow et al. (2002). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 78, 610–624 Controls Bmax/Kd Abusers Bmax/Kd p Alcoholics 2.71 � 0.6 ( n � 17) 2.10 � 0.5 ( n � 10) 0.05 Heroin abusers 2.97 � 0.5 ( n � 11) 2.44 � 0.4 ( n � 11) 0.01 Cocaine abusers 2.90 � 0.3 ( n � 23) 2.59 � 0.3 ( n � 20) 0.01 METH abusers 2.81 � 0.3 ( n � 20) 2.45 � 0.3 ( n � 15) 0.001 Linnet et al. (2010). Acta Psychiatr Scand: 122: 326–333
Clark et al. (2012). Neuroimage: 63: 40-46
5 PG HC 4 [ 11 C]raclopride BP ND 3 2 1 0 VLS ADC PDC ADP PDP GP ventral striatum anterior posterior dorsal putamen dorsal putamen Boileau et al. (2013). Addiction: 108 (5): 953-963
Fallacy II: Gambling Disorder Sufferers differ in magnitude of dopamine release when gambling
Volkow et al. (1997). Nature, Apr 24;386(6627), 830-3
Linnet et al. (2010). Acta Psychiatr Scand: 122: 326–333
Fallacy III: Gambling Disorder Sufferers differ in magnitude of dopamine release when winning
Steeves et al. (2009). Brain: 132; 1376–1385
Steeves et al. (2009). Brain: 132; 1376–1385
Steeves et al. (2009). Brain: 132; 1376–1385
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