Co Correlation b between t the gr grada dabi bility of of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
co correlation b between t the gr grada dabi bility of of
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Co Correlation b between t the gr grada dabi bility of of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 23, 2024 149 likes •520 views

Co Correlation b between t the gr grada dabi bility of of Latin adjec ectives es and the an e ab abilit ility to form m qualit alitativ ive e ab abstrac act nouns Lucie Pultrov (Charles University Prague) Gradable and

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Co Correlation b between t the gr grada dabi bility of

  • f Latin adjec

ectives es an and the e ab abilit ility to form m qualit alitativ ive e ab abstrac act nouns

Lucie Pultrová (Charles University Prague)

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Gradable and non-gradable adjectives

Czech National Corpus (includes written contemporary Czech – more than 4 billion tokens + spontaneous spoken language – more than 7 billion tokens):

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Gradable and non-gradable adjectives

Czech National Corpus (includes written contemporary Czech – more than 4 billion tokens + spontaneous spoken language – more than 7 billion tokens): adjectives with attested comparative and/or superlative 6 %

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Gradable and non-gradable adjectives

Czech National Corpus (includes written contemporary Czech – more than 4 billion tokens + spontaneous spoken language – more than 7 billion tokens): adjectives with attested comparative and/or superlative 6 % adjectives with attested both comparative and superlative 3 %

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Scalar classification of adjectives

  • for Czech: Lehečková (2011)

non-restrictive current, future, said… restrictive absolute relative relational wooden / metal / glass table scalar – complementary neutral 5 km long way scalar – polar long – short way maximal full, empty, clean minimal dangerous, dirty

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Problematic nature of the Latin corpus

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Problematic nature of the Latin corpus

  • living language x dead language (terminus a quo?)
slide-8
SLIDE 8

Problematic nature of the Latin corpus

  • living language x dead language (terminus a quo?)
  • literary Latin – extremely conservative (most of the authors emulating

Cicero‘s style) x

  • colloquial Latin – progressive
slide-9
SLIDE 9

Latin data

  • ca. 10 000 adjectives (and isolated adverbs) from Oxford Latin

Dictionary

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Latin data

  • ca. 10 000 adjectives (and isolated adverbs) from Oxford Latin

Dictionary

  • for each: all the attestations of both synthetic and periphrastic

comparatives and superlatives in Bibliotheca Teubneriana Latina III (all the texts up to the end of the 5th century AD, including Priscianus)

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Latin data

  • ca. 10 000 adjectives (and isolated adverbs) from Oxford Latin

Dictionary

  • for each: all the attestations of both synthetic and periphrastic

comparatives and superlatives in Bibliotheca Teubneriana Latina III (all the texts up to the end of the 5th century AD, including Priscianus) adjectives with attested comparative and/or superlative 14 %

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Latin data

  • ca. 10 000 adjectives (and isolated adverbs) from Oxford Latin

Dictionary

  • for each: all the attestations of both synthetic and periphrastic

comparatives and superlatives in Bibliotheca Teubneriana Latina III (all the texts up to the end of the 5th century AD, including Priscianus) adjectives with attested comparative and/or superlative 14 % adjectives with attested both comparative and superlative 7 %

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Aim of the work

  • to offer guidelines to Latin users as to which adjective can be graded

and which cannot

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Aim of the work

  • to offer guidelines to Latin users as to which adjective can be graded

and which cannot to find elements that correlate with gradability/non- gradability and that are directly discernible at the level of written text

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Latin abstract nouns

  • -tudo (type magnitudo < magnus)
  • -tas (type caritas < carus)
  • -ia (type clementia < clemens)
  • -itia (type iustitia < iustus)
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Correlation abstract nouns – gradability

suffix number of abstract nouns number of the attestedly gradable corresponding base adjectives percentage

  • itia

31 31 100%

  • tudo

87 82 94%

  • ia

168 (63 -ia, 105 -ntia) 136 (55 -ia, 81 -ntia) 81% (87% -ia, 77% -ntia)

  • tas

434 334 77%

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Low frequency

perperus (1) blandiloquens (1) breviloquens (1) displicens (6) fragrans (10) graveolens (7) incogitans (3) inconsequens (10) suaviloquens (6) and others

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective)

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Scalar classification of adjectives

  • for Czech: Lehečková (2011)

non-restrictive current, future, said… restrictive absolute relative relational wooden / metal / glass table scalar – complementary neutral 5 km long way scalar – polar long – short way maximal full, empty, clean minimal dangerous, dirty

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective)

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective)

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Scalar classification of adjectives

  • for Czech: Lehečková (2011)

non-restrictive current, future, said… restrictive absolute relative relational wooden / metal / glass table scalar – complementary neutral 5 km long way scalar – polar long – short way maximal full, empty, clean minimal dangerous, dirty

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective)

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective) canitudo ‘greyness of hair’

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective) canitudo ‘greyness of hair’ efficiens ‘producing something’ (participle; non-restrictive adjective)

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Scalar classification of adjectives

  • for Czech: Lehečková (2011)

non-restrictive current, future, said… restrictive absolute relative relational wooden / metal / glass table scalar – complementary neutral 5 km long way scalar – polar long – short way maximal full, empty, clean minimal dangerous, dirty

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective) canitudo ‘greyness of hair’ efficiens ‘producing something’ (participle; non-restrictive adjective)

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective) canitudo ‘greyness of hair’ efficiens ‘producing something’ (participle; non-restrictive adjective) > ‘capable of acting’ (restrictive/ relative/ scalar – polar adj.)

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Low frequency / semantics

canus ‘white, whitened’ (absolute/ relational adjective) > ‘white- or grey-haired’ > ‘old’ (relative/ scalar – polar adjective) canitudo ‘greyness of hair’ efficiens ‘producing something’ (participle; non-restrictive adjective) > ‘capable of acting’ (restrictive/ relative/ scalar – polar adj.) efficientia ‘capability of acting’

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Correlation abstract nouns – gradability

suffix number of abstract nouns number of the attestedly gradable corresponding base adjectives percentage

  • itia

31 31 100%

  • tudo

87 82 94%

  • ia

168 (63 -ia, 105 -ntia) 136 (55 -ia, 81 -ntia) 81% (87% -ia, 77% -ntia)

  • tas

434 334 77%

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Abstract nouns with the suffix -tas

The most productive suffix (cf. Czech -ost)

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Abstract nouns with the suffix -tas

The most productive suffix (cf. Czech -ost); derives even from

  • very rare adjectives (e.g. brocchus ‘projecting (of teeth)’, or vacivus

‘unoccupied’)

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Abstract nouns with the suffix -tas

The most productive suffix (cf. Czech -ost); derives even from

  • very rare adjectives (e.g. brocchus ‘projecting (of teeth)’, or vacivus

‘unoccupied’)

  • adjectival pronouns and numerals (qualitas < qualis ‘of what kind’,

triplicitas < triplex ‘triple’, etc.)

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Abstract nouns with the suffix -tas

The most productive suffix (cf. Czech -ost); derives even from

  • very rare adjectives (e.g. brocchus ‘projecting (of teeth)’, or vacivus

‘unoccupied’)

  • adjectival pronouns and numerals (qualitas < qualis ‘of what kind’,

triplicitas < triplex ‘triple’, etc.)

  • substantives (autumnitas < autumnus ‘autumn’, captivitas < captivus

‘one taken captive’)

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Abstract nouns with the suffix -tas

The most productive suffix (cf. Czech -ost); derives even from

  • very rare adjectives (e.g. brocchus ‘projecting (of teeth)’, or vacivus

‘unoccupied’)

  • adjectival pronouns and numerals (qualitas < qualis ‘of what kind’,

triplicitas < triplex ‘triple’, etc.)

  • substantives (autumnitas < autumnus ‘autumn’, captivitas < captivus

‘one taken captive’)

  • the superlative forms of adjectives (maximitas, supremitas etc.)
slide-36
SLIDE 36

Scalar classification of adjectives

  • for Czech: Lehečková (2011)

non-restrictive current, future, said… restrictive absolute relative relational wooden / metal / glass table scalar – complementary neutral 5 km long way scalar – polar long – short way maximal full, empty, clean minimal dangerous, dirty