Correlation Course Title Correlation Correlation coe ffi cient - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Correlation Course Title Correlation Correlation coe ffi cient - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 12, 2022 558 likes •934 views

CORRELATION AND REGRESSION Correlation Course Title Correlation Correlation coe ffi cient between -1 and 1 Sign > direction Magnitude > strength Correlation and Regression Near perfect correlation Correlation and

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Correlation

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Course Title

Correlation

  • Correlation coefficient between -1 and 1
  • Sign —> direction
  • Magnitude —> strength
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Correlation and Regression

Near perfect correlation

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Correlation and Regression

Strong

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Correlation and Regression

Moderate

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Correlation and Regression

Weak

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Correlation and Regression

Zero

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Correlation and Regression

Negative

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Correlation and Regression

Non-linear

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Correlation and Regression

Non-linear correlation

> run10 %>% filter(divPlace <= 10) %>% ggplot(aes(x = age, y = pace, color = gender)) + geom_point()

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Correlation and Regression

Pearson product-moment correlation

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Correlation and Regression

Pearson product-moment correlation

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Let’s practice!

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Correlation

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Correlation and Regression

Anscombe

> ggplot(data = Anscombe, aes(x = x, y = y)) + geom_point() + facet_wrap(~ set)

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Correlation and Regression

Anscombe 1

> Anscombe %>% filter(set == 1) %>% ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) + geom_point()

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Correlation and Regression

Anscombe 2

> Anscombe %>% filter(set == 2) %>% ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) + geom_point()

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Correlation and Regression

Anscombe 3

> Anscombe %>% filter(set == 3) %>% ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) + geom_point()

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Correlation and Regression

Anscombe 4

> Anscombe %>% filter(set == 4) %>% ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) + geom_point()

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Let’s practice!

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Interpretation of Correlation

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Correlation and Regression

Exercise and beer

Source: hp://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/02/the-close-ties-between-exercise-and-beer/

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Correlation and Regression

Exercise and beer

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Correlation and Regression

Exercise and beer

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Correlation and Regression

NFL arrests

Source: hps://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/upshot/what-the-numbers-show-about-nfl-player-arrests.html

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Correlation and Regression

NFL arrests

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Correlation and Regression

Correlation vs. regression

Source: hp://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/business/questions-raised-on-withdrawal-of-congressional-research-services-report-on-tax-rates.html

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Correlation and Regression

Can you plot a correlation?

Source: hp://heatst.com/world/no-correlation-between-voting-for-brexit-and-racism-study-finds/

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Let’s practice!

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Spurious correlations

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Correlation and Regression

Spurious over time

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Correlation and Regression

Spurious over time

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Correlation and Regression

Spurious over space

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Correlation and Regression

Spurious for whatever reason

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CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Let’s practice!