Class updates Ch 10 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal 1 2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Class updates Ch 10 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal 1 2 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 12, 2023 126 likes •432 views

Class updates Ch 10 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal 1 2 3 4 Practice: Identify that hominin 5 Practice: Identify that hominin 6 Practice: Identify that hominin 7 Practice: Identify that hominin 8 Middle Pleistocene setting

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Class updates

Ch 10 Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal

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Practice: Identify that hominin

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Practice: Identify that hominin

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Practice: Identify that hominin

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Practice: Identify that hominin

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Middle Pleistocene setting

Middle Pleistocene: 780-125 kya; the "Ice Age"

  • numerous glacial and interglacials occurred
  • climatic oscillations affected Hominins in Africa, Europe, and Asia

Late Pleistocene: 125-10 kya

  • last glaciations
  • Neandertal emerges in Europe
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*In Africa Interglacial periods: more rainfall Glacial periods: more arid

Middle Pleistocene setting

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*In Europe Interglacial periods: Europe accessible to migrating hominins through Eurasia Glacial periods: colder and inaccessible to migrating hominins through Eurasia

Middle Pleistocene setting

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  • Europe becomes more permanently and densely populated
  • Middle Pleistocene hominins remained and expanded ranges of H. erectus

Middle Pleistocene hominins

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  • Europe becomes more permanently and densely populated

Middle Pleistocene hominins

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Homo heidelbergensis

  • ancestor to both group Homo sapiens and Neandertal
  • widely dispersed in Africa, Europe, and Asia
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  • H. heidelbergensis

Morphological characteristics

  • large face, projected brows, low forehead, thick cranial vault,
  • increased brain size, rounded braincase
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  • H. heidelbergensis

*In general

  • H. heidelbergensis in Europe gave rise to Neandertal
  • H. heidelbergensis in Africa gave rise to Homo sapiens
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Middle Pleistocene culture

  • Acheulian tools used up to the Middle Pleistocene

*Levallois technique

  • More control over flake size/shape
  • Suggests increased cognitive capabilities
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Middle Pleistocene hominins sites

Africa *Bodo; 600 kya; ancestral features

  • Earliest evidence of H. heidelbergensis

Europe *Atapuerca, Spain; 500-400 kya;

  • 80% of all Middle Pleistocene hominins remains found here
  • evidence of early Neandertal transition
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Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal

Mousterian culture (125-40 kya)

  • wide-spread (Africa, Europe, Asia)
  • used by premodern Homo sapiens and Neandertal
  • more flake tools used versus core tools like bifaces
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Other behaviors

  • lived in caves and open-air sites
  • temporary structures

Subsistence

  • Diet based on more food resources: fruits, vegetables, fish, seeds,

nuts, bird eggs, and: Unique: marine resources

Middle Pleistocene hominins and Neandertal

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Neandertal

  • Late Pleistocene hominin

fl.130-30 kya;

  • European hominin

most evidence for Neandertal found in Europe

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Neandertal

Neandertal morphological traits *Cranium

  • occipital bun
  • vertical forehead v H erectus,
  • arched rather than straight brow ridge

Notable: face projects forward

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Neandertal

Neandertal morphological traits *Postcranial

  • robust, muscular
  • short limbs

*Morphology = adaptations to colder climate in Europe

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Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics

  • experienced injuries while hunting
  • buried their dead
  • capable of symbolic behavior
  • adapted to cold climates

No evidence of H. sapien-like language capabilities

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Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics

  • experienced injuries while hunting
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Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics

  • experienced injuries while hunting
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Neandertal culture and behavioral characteristics

Buried their dead

  • Intentional burials with individuals surrounded by tools and animal bones
  • capable of symbolic behavior
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Neandertal sites

Western Asia *Shanidar, Iraq; 70-60 kya

  • elderly, disabled man
  • most likely needed care to have healed wounds

Europe *Krapina, Croatia; 130-110 kya

  • Earliest intentional burials
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