CLADISTIC CLADOGRAM DR.PIYUSH KUMAR RAI DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CLADISTIC CLADOGRAM

DR.PIYUSH KUMAR RAI DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY SEMESTER - IV PAPER - BOT CC 410 PATNA WOMEN’S COLLEGE PATNA UNIVERSITY, PATNA

CLADOGRAM: CLADO- BRANCH , GRAMMA- CHARACTER

• A CLADOGRAM IS USED BY A SCIENTIFIC STUDYING

PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS TO VISUALIZE THE GROUP OF ORGANISMS BEING COMPARE HOW THEY ARE RELATED AND THEIR MOST COMMON ANCESTOR.

DIAGRAM REPRESENT THE PHYLOGENY OF A SPECIES

• CLADISTIC TAXONOMY : HENING (1960)
• CLADISTIC METHOD CONSTRUCT TREE RELY ON ASSUMPION

ABOUT ANCESTRAL RELATIONSHIPS AS WELL AS CURRENT DATA.

• CLADE : ONE BRANCH OF SPECIES THAT SHARE A SINGLE

COMMON ANCESTOR

• CLADOGRAM CAN ALSO BE CALLED PHYLOGENY OR TREE .

ANATOMY OF PHYLOGENY

CLADISTICS CLADOGRAM

HOW DO YOU READ A CLADOGRAM

PARTS OF CLADOGRAM

• MONOPHYLETIC- Taxon can derived from a single

ancestor species .

• PARAPHYLETIC GROUP – Taxon that excludes some

members that share a common ancestor with member included in the taxon .

• Recent common ancetor , but not all descendant

are required.

• POLYPHYLETIC- Taxon whose member were derived

from two or more ancestors not common to all member.

• Cladogram including the Mammals was of all

vertebrates.

• Presence of vertebrae in our unknown animals

would be a symplesiomorphy.

• Symplesiomorphy do not tell us anything about the

relatedness of different group in a cladogram because all the organism have that Characteristic.

STEP IN CLADOGRAM

• Select group of cladogram
• Determine characters
• Classify Ancestral and derived comparison to out group
• Group by shared derived character (synapomorphies)
• Choose most Parsimonious tree.

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