CLADISTIC CLADOGRAM DR.PIYUSH KUMAR RAI DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CLADISTIC CLADOGRAM DR.PIYUSH KUMAR RAI DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY SEMESTER - IV PAPER - BOT CC 410 PATNA WOMEN’S COLLEGE PATNA UNIVERSITY, PATNA

CLADOGRAM: CLADO- BRANCH , GRAMMA- CHARACTER • A CLADOGRAM IS USED BY A SCIENTIFIC STUDYING PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS TO VISUALIZE THE GROUP OF ORGANISMS BEING COMPARE HOW THEY ARE RELATED AND THEIR MOST COMMON ANCESTOR.

DIAGRAM REPRESENT THE PHYLOGENY OF A SPECIES

• CLADISTIC TAXONOMY : HENING (1960) • CLADISTIC METHOD CONSTRUCT TREE RELY ON ASSUMPION ABOUT ANCESTRAL RELATIONSHIPS AS WELL AS CURRENT DATA. • CLADE : ONE BRANCH OF SPECIES THAT SHARE A SINGLE COMMON ANCESTOR • CLADOGRAM CAN ALSO BE CALLED PHYLOGENY OR TREE .

ANATOMY OF PHYLOGENY

CLADISTICS CLADOGRAM

HOW DO YOU READ A CLADOGRAM

PARTS OF CLADOGRAM • MONOPHYLETIC- Taxon can derived from a single ancestor species . • PARAPHYLETIC GROUP – Taxon that excludes some members that share a common ancestor with member included in the taxon .

• Recent common ancetor , but not all descendant are required. • POLYPHYLETIC- Taxon whose member were derived from two or more ancestors not common to all member.

• Cladogram including the Mammals was of all vertebrates. • Presence of vertebrae in our unknown animals would be a symplesiomorphy. • Symplesiomorphy do not tell us anything about the relatedness of different group in a cladogram because all the organism have that Characteristic.

STEP IN CLADOGRAM • Select group of cladogram • Determine characters • Classify Ancestral and derived comparison to out group • Group by shared derived character (synapomorphies) • Choose most Parsimonious tree.

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