Chuck Jacoby Supervising Environmental Scientist, Estuaries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chuck Jacoby Supervising Environmental Scientist, Estuaries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 30, 2023 313 likes •530 views

St. Johns River Water Management District St. Johns River Water Management District Chuck Jacoby Supervising Environmental Scientist, Estuaries Section, St. Johns River Water Management District Program Scientist, Indian River Lagoon National

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Chuck Jacoby

Supervising Environmental Scientist, Estuaries Section, St. Johns River Water Management District Program Scientist, Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Lagoon is:

  • Sensitive
  • Long (156 miles)
  • Shallow
  • Wind & tide driven
  • Not a river (no flow)
  • Segmented (flushing 2 wks–3 mos)
  • Diverse

– ecology – challenges

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Banana River Indian River Mosquito Lagoon

New Smyrna Beach West Palm Beach

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Nutrient impairment

  • Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) = safe load
  • Loads + Margin of Safety > TMDL ⇒ reductions
  • Adaptive approach to uncertainty

– monitor (seagrass = a key indicator) – evaluate progress – adapt as needed

  • Summarize in Basin Management Action Plans
  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Seagrasses

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Drought & Vero WWTP discharge ⇓ ‘04 hurricanes surge & flushing Mini- drought Drought & IRFWCD discharge ⇓ TS Fay flushing

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

Seagrass area (acres) Mapping years

(Historic coverage)

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Algal blooms

  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Seagrasses

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Loss of ~30,000 acres ~45% of the acres mapped in 2009

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

Seagrass area (acres) Mapping years

(Historic coverage)

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Seagrasses

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Some recovery in 2013 ~12% gain from 2011 – not uniform

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

Seagrass area (acres) Mapping years

(Historic coverage)

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

What happened?

  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Caveats

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

“Ecosystems are not only more complex than we think, they are more complex than we can think.”

(Egler, Frank. 1977. The nature of vegetation: its management and mismanagement. Aton Forest Publishers, Norfolk, Connecticut)

“All models are wrong; some models are useful.”

(attributed to George Box)

“It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future.”

(Yogi Berra)

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Eutrophication progression scheme

Increased nutrient delivery Enhanced growth phytoplankton & macroalgae Increased shading & benthic respiration Seagrass loss

Adapted from C.M. Duarte (1995)

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

What w ill w e do?

  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Indian River Lagoon Protection Initiative

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Indian River Lagoon Algal Blooms Investigation

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Titusville Eau Gallie Banana River Lagoon South Mosquito Lagoon North Indian River Lagoon

Project location = 2011 superbloom area Timeframe = 4 years

Red hatching seagrass loss 2009–2011

Banana River Lagoon North IRL

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Blue Team

  • Enhanced sampling

– event sampling of inputs – atmospheric deposition – sensors for continuous data – bacterioplankton – phytoplankton – microzooplankton

  • Updated & enhanced models
  • Nutrition for bloom species
  • Grazing by microzooplankton
  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Sand Team

  • Sediment survey
  • Groundwater model
  • Internal nutrient budget (flux)
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

West East

Lagoon

Intracoastal Waterway

muck

weak advection diffusion diffusion recirculation recirculation terrestrial submarine groundwater discharge strong advection strong advection nearshore seepage face recirculation nearshore seepage face terrestrial submarine groundwater discharge weak advection

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Green Team

  • Seagrass transplanting
  • Drift algae mapping
  • Drift algae tolerance

– temperature – salinity – light

  • Nutrient content & release

– drift algae – seagrasses

  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Figure 1. Map of donor and recipient sites in this study.

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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Orange Team

  • Enhanced sampling

– fisheries independent monitoring – macrozooplankton – infauna – epifauna

  • Grazing

– macrozooplankton – infauna – epifauna

  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Goals

  • Understand

– the lagoon’s nutrient inventory & cycling – processes that regulate blooms

  • Evaluate & recommend strategies

– ameliorate blooms

  • magnitude
  • duration
  • frequency

– facilitate seagrass growth & expansion – enhance diverse trophic structure

  • St. Johns River Water Management District
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  • St. Johns River Water Management District
  • St. Johns River Water Management District

Thank you for your time

  • St. Johns River Water Management District