Production Chemistry Networking Event 3 A Holistic Systems Approach to Production Chemistry Input to Flow Assurance Colin Smith – Production Chemistry Technical Authority E-mail: Colin.Smith@woodplc.com Tel: +44 (0)1784 417154 Event date: 02/10/2018 Event hosted by Richard Barr, Proserv woodplc.com
What is Production Chemistry? Prod oduction ction Chemistry istry is the management of the chemical properties of fluids that can impact production, product value, asset integrity or environmental/HSE compliance Impact Gas Water Liquid Hydrocarbons Wax, Asphaltenes, Emulsions, Scale, Production Hydrates Naphthenates, Sand/fines Foaming Desalination, SRP, BS&W, Sulphur, H 2 S, CO 2 , DMS, Product Value PWRI, Reuse, Mercury, Organic Mercaptans, Mercury Unconventional chloride H 2 S, CO 2 , chemicals, Chloride, Bacteria, Organic acids, Asset Integrity Corrosion Sand, Hg, Corrosion Organochlorides Environmental / Oil in water, WSOs, Oil in water HSE Flaring / Emissions Contaminants, Organic Mercury NORM/LSA Scale Compliance 2 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
Unmitigated Production Chemistry - 1 WAX- PIGGING DEBRIS GAS HYDRATES B L O C K ASPHALTENE NORM SCALE A FLOCCULATION G E S 3 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
Unmitigated Production Chemistry - 2 CORROSION CALCIUM NAPHTHENATE (CaN) 4 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
Production Chemistry Issue - Severity Consider dering ng worst st case e scenario nario – uncontr ontroll lled ed product uctio ion, n, ~ 120 Kbopd PC / FA Issue Location of Fouling / Deposition Production Flow Fouling / to Form Blockage - Period to See a Deposition Severity Problem Hydrates Subsea Very High Hours - Days Halite Downhole/subsea Very High Days Naphthenates Topsides High 2 – 4 weeks Asphaltenes Downhole Medium to High Months Medium to High Wax Downhole/Subsea 4 weeks to 3 months Scale Downhole / Medium to High > 6 months typically Subsea / T opsides (can be < 3 months) Biofilms / Subsea Medium to Low > 6 months to years Biofouling Emulsions All Low Years Sand (assumed well Topsides Low Years completions hinder sand production rate) 5 A presentation by Wood.
New Oil & Gas Field Development Projects Typically between Appraise-Concept Select-Define phases Project Team Project Lead/Manager/Engineer • Front End Engineer(s) • Process Engineer(s) • Reservoir Engineer(s) • Subsea Engineering Specialists • Corrosion / Materials Engineer • Production Technology / Petroleum Engineering (Wells) • Flow Assurance Engineer(s) • Process Chemist • A collaborative team approach! No working in isolation • Constant communication, data sharing / review • Regular team meetings / workshops / peer reviews • Joint reports • 6 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
Project Life Cycle – FA/PC/Process Activities Exploration Concept Operate Execute Define Select & Appraisal Core Analysi ysis & Onsite & Lab Core FEED, Flowline Commissioning Commissioning Geochemistry Flooding Design, Field Support Plan Layout Water Injection Well Test Studies. EOR, System Operating and Lab Start-up, Shut- Sampling SoW Performance Chemical Squeeze Procedures down Strategies Monitoring & Oil assays, oils Evaluation BOD Onsite Lab Design blending tests Hydrate, Wax, Corrosion, Process & Chemical Injection PVT Analysis Asphaltene, Scale Design, Chemical Chemical Implications Chemical Deposition Optimisation HSE Management PC Risks ks : Scaling, Modelling Asphaltene, Wax Final CRR Corrosion and EOR Options Well deposition, CaN FDP, WFSs, BfD, Chemical Workover Contaminants CSR, prelim CRR Chemical Selection Monitoring & Qualification CO 2 , H 2 S, He, RSH, Hg, Fluid & Material Radon, Arsenic, Compatibilities Vanadium, Calcium Longe ger Term Naphthenate Wet Lay-up, Mitigation Hydrotesting Formation & Philosophies & Life of Field Decommission Chemical Injection Water Operation Strategies Packages Composition 7 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
Prod. Chem. Input to Flow Assurance – 1 Hydrocarbon phases properties & composition • Oil, gas, condensate, reservoir fluid – Formation water properties & composition (contamination) • Gas phase issues • Corrosion – Hydrates – Souring / H 2 S – Oil / Condensate phase issues • Asphaltenes – Wax (deposition and gelation) – Corrosion – Emulsions / rheology / separation / foaming – Naphthenates & Soaps – Scaling (incl. NORM, halite, sulphides etc.) – 8 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
Prod. Chem. Input to Flow Assurance – 2 Water phase • Scaling – Corrosion – Separation / Emulsions – Microbiology – Produced water treatment – Water Injection / recycle / reuse / disposal – Contaminants – Across all phases • Organic acids – Sulphur species – Heavy metals, e.g. Mercury – Arsenic / arsenates – Organochlorides – Use of Analogue fields fluid data if have no samples/poor samples • • Understand your fluids – define the issues – A correct basis is a must! 9 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
PC & FA Workflows FA & PC new oil & gas field developments workflows • Oversee production fluid characterisation studies • Collaboration = well defined fluids basis of design (BoD) • Risk assess for wax, asphaltenes, hydrates, emulsions, foaming, souring, corrosion, scaling, soaps, contaminants, water treatment etc. • Combination of modelling, lab experiment & analysis work • Define PC/FA problem solutions – design, operational & chemical solutions • Oversee the screening & qualification of chemicals & compatibility • Compile Chemical Requirements Reports (CRRs) • Develop mitigation strategies incl. Chemical Management Strategy (CMS) 10 A presentation by Wood.
Asphaltene Risk Assessment Workflows 11 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
PC – FA Work Program - 1 • Develop and set the Production Fluids Basis - Formation Water composition / properties - Hydrocarbon oil/condensate properties - Gas composition - Contaminants • Identify any BoD gaps/uncertainties requiring further work (Holds) - Perform lab testing required to fill any basis data gaps - Actual or restored samples requirement - Identify best labs to do fluid properties work, e.g. oil/condensate liquid properties • agree SoW, generate RFQs, send to labs & review responses • select best laboratory for work & generate PO • oversee lab testing & handle any queries, • Review laboratory testing report • interpret results for project - Run simulation modelling as required, e.g. scaling predictions 12 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
PC – FA Work Program - 2 • Full Production Chemistry risks assessment developed (including modelling & comparison to analogues, as required) - Hydrates - Scale (including halite for FW breakthrough case) - Corrosion - Emulsions / separation (soaps) - Foaming - Wax, - Asphaltenes - Naphthenates - Contaminants (including Mercury) & meeting export specs - Produced water treatment aspects - Microbiology (biofouling risk) • Full FA risks assessment performed – PC/FA data exchanged • Rank the PC/FA risks & flag up those needing chemical control 13 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
PC – FA Work Program - 3 • Define high level chemical requirements to control any identified risks - Hydrates - Corrosion - Scale (+ halite?) - Emulsions / separation & produced water treatment (PWT) • Liaise with project disciplines – define system conditions under which chemicals will be applied (e.g. P, T, flow regime, shear stress etc.) including if any need for downhole injection – Liaise with FA • Engage various chemical vendors for their recommended chemical options & their product application ranges / limitations - Product stability, - Product performance, - Environmental aspects - Product compatibility characteristics - Input into umbilical core chemical requirements 14 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
PC – FA Work Program - 4 • Oversee any laboratory qualification testing of recommended chemicals, define target chemical injection rates, select injection locations & interpret test results for project - Define SoW, RFQs to labs, select a lab, interpret results • Investigate compatibility of tieback and hub production fluids • Investigate compatibility of treatment chemicals - With production fluids - With selected materials (steels, elastomers) - With hub production fluids - With hub treatment chemicals - Any common chemicals possible? • Work with other disciplines (e.g. FA, subsea) to design the chemical injection facilities (downhole, subsea & topsides, plus umbilical) • Define number of cores needed, core diameters, chemical deliverability etc. 15 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
PC – FA Work Program - 5 • Field production chemicals regulatory requirements preparation before EXECUTE phase - HSSE, - Environmental, - Chemical permitting etc. • FA Summary report generated • Ongoing throughout – generate a Chemical Requirements Report, CRR - A catch all ‘live’ document • Move into FEED or done during FEED / pre-FEED 16 A presentation by Wood. October 2018
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